—— 完整内容请至页面顶部栏目选购英语、专业课考博真题
考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，清华大学人文学院审核博士英语聚焦翻译与写作两大核心模块，重点考查学术英语应用、跨文化表达及逻辑思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
唐代是我国最强盛的朝代之一，首都长安的人口占据当时世界人口的四分之一。疆域在开国君主的拓展下，不断扩大，是可以与汉代相媲美的朝代。唐代与周边国家有贸易往来，形成了较为繁荣的经济。
Academic globalization has brought profound changes to modern scholarly communication. Scholars around the world can now travel quickly between continents by air, breaking geographical barriers to conduct in-depth academic exchanges. Specialized international academic institutions have been established to facilitate collaborative research, allowing researchers to share findings, discuss theories, and jointly tackle global academic issues. This cross-border academic interaction not only enriches the content of scholarly research but also promotes the integration of diverse academic perspectives, driving the continuous progress of human knowledge.
Directions: Write an essay of no less than 300 words on the topic "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Classroom Learning and Extracurricular Learning". Some people believe extracurricular learning is more important, while others argue for the primacy of classroom learning. State your own opinion with specific reasons and examples.
The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous dynasties in China. The population of its capital, Chang'an, accounted for a quarter of the world's total population at that time. With the territorial expansion led by its founding emperors, its territory continuously expanded, making it a dynasty comparable to the Han Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty maintained trade relations with neighboring countries, forming a relatively prosperous economy.
- 考点定位：本题考查历史文化类汉译英，核心考查专有名词翻译、句式连贯及语义精准，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 专有名词精准翻译：“唐代” 译为 “The Tang Dynasty”（历史朝代规范译法，首字母大写）；“长安” 译为 “Chang'an”（采用通用拼音拼写）；“汉代” 译为 “the Han Dynasty”，保持朝代译法一致性。
- 句式优化：将中文多个短句整合为符合英文表达习惯的复合句，如 “疆域在开国君主的拓展下，不断扩大” 译为 “With the territorial expansion led by its founding emperors, its territory continuously expanded”，用介词短语作状语，避免句式零散。
- 语义准确：“最强盛的” 译为 “most prosperous”（侧重 “繁荣昌盛”，贴合朝代综合实力）；“占据” 译为 “accounted for”（用于表示比例关系，符合语境）；“贸易往来” 译为 “maintained trade relations”，“较为繁荣的经济” 译为 “a relatively prosperous economy”，无语义偏差。
- 逻辑衔接：用 “making it” 衔接前半句，明确 “疆域扩大” 与 “堪比汉代” 的因果关系，使逻辑更流畅。
学术全球化给现代学术交流带来了深刻变革。如今，全球学者可乘飞机在各大洲之间快速往返，打破地理壁垒开展深度学术交流。专门的国际学术机构已纷纷成立，旨在促进合作研究，让研究者能够共享研究成果、探讨理论观点，并共同应对全球性学术问题。这种跨国学术互动不仅丰富了学术研究的内容，还推动了多元学术视角的融合，助力人类知识不断进步。
- 考点定位：本题考查学术类文本英译汉，核心考查长句拆分、专业表达转化及语义连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 长句拆分：将原文复杂长句拆分为中文短句，如 “Scholars around the world can now travel quickly... to conduct in-depth academic exchanges” 译为 “如今，全球学者可乘飞机在各大洲之间快速往返，打破地理壁垒开展深度学术交流”，避免冗长。
- 专业表达转化：“scholarly communication” 译为 “学术交流”（学术领域固定表达）；“collaborative research” 译为 “合作研究”；“academic perspectives” 译为 “学术视角”，符合学术文本表达习惯。
- 语义精准：“breaking geographical barriers” 译为 “打破地理壁垒”，生动传递 “突破限制” 的含义；“facilitate” 译为 “旨在促进”，贴合机构设立的目的；“driving the continuous progress” 译为 “助力…… 不断进步”，避免直译 “驱动” 的生硬感。
- 逻辑衔接：用 “这种” 指代前文 “跨国学术互动”，用 “不仅…… 还……” 衔接两个递进分句，使中文表达逻辑清晰、流畅自然。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦教育类议论文写作，核心考查对两种学习模式的辩证分析与观点论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点，重点关注逻辑构建、论据深度及语言表达。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
Classroom Learning and Extracurricular Learning: Complementary Rather Than Competitive
The debate over the importance of classroom learning and extracurricular learning has long existed in educational circles. While some advocate for the dominance of one over the other, I firmly believe that the two are complementary, and their combination is the key to comprehensive learning. Both have unique advantages and inevitable limitations, and only by integrating them can learners achieve optimal learning outcomes.
Classroom learning boasts systematicness and authority, which are irreplaceable. Teachers, as professional educators, organize knowledge into structured curricula, guiding students to master basic concepts, theories, and skills in a logical order. For example, in academic fields such as mathematics and physics, classroom teaching helps students build a solid knowledge framework by explaining core principles and demonstrating problem-solving methods. Moreover, the interactive environment of the classroom allows students to ask questions, engage in group discussions, and receive timely feedback from teachers, correcting misunderstandings and deepening understanding. However, classroom learning also has limitations: it is often restricted by fixed schedules and standardized content, lacking flexibility to cater to individual learning paces and interests.
Extracurricular learning, on the other hand, excels in flexibility and practicality. It allows learners to explore topics beyond textbooks according to their own interests and needs, fostering independent thinking and practical abilities. For instance, students interested in literature can participate in book clubs to discuss classic works, or conduct field investigations to understand cultural phenomena, which enriches their knowledge and broadens their horizons. Additionally, extracurricular learning connects theoretical knowledge with real life, helping students apply what they have learned to solve practical problems. Nevertheless, extracurricular learning may suffer from disorganization without professional guidance, and learners may easily get lost in fragmented information, failing to form systematic knowledge.
In conclusion, classroom learning lays the foundation for systematic knowledge acquisition, while extracurricular learning expands the depth and breadth of learning. They are not mutually exclusive but mutually reinforcing. Educators should encourage students to combine the two: leveraging classroom learning to build a solid knowledge base and utilizing extracurricular learning to practice and extend that knowledge. Only in this way can learners develop comprehensively and achieve greater progress in their academic and personal growth.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分述两种学习模式的优缺点 — 总结融合的重要性” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点明确，符合议论文写作规范。
- 内容：从 “课堂学习的系统性与权威性”“课外学习的灵活性与实践性” 两个维度展开，结合数学、文学等具体例子，论据充分，分析辩证，符合 300 词以上要求。
- 语言：使用 “complementary, systematicness, authority, fragmented, mutually reinforcing” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），表达规范流畅，体现学术写作的严谨性。
以上仅为清华大学 2019 年人文学院审核博士英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重翻译的语义精准与句式转换、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
清华大学考博真题是清华大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考清华大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。清华大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
