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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，山东大学 2004 年考博英语涵盖听力理解、词汇语法、阅读理解、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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The tiny flowers are delicate.
A. fragile B. sticky C. dead D. chewy
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There is no objection to him joining the party provided he is willing to fit in with the plans of the group and is ready and able to do his share of the work.
A. to him B. provided C. fit in with D. do his share of the work
A cliché is made, not born. The process begins when someone hits upon a bright new way of stating a common experience. At that point, the remark is an epigram. But if it is particularly apt as well as catchy, the saying receives wide circulation as verbal coin. Soon it is likely to be suffering from overwork. It has then arrived at clichéhood. The dictionary records the doom of the successful epigram in defining a cliché: “A trite phrase, a hackneyed expression.” For the epigrammatical, the only cheer in this process is that it proves his expression was good. Even this situation is covered by a cliché: “Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.”
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What unfortunate fate often befalls an apt epigram?
A. It circulates like an old coin.
B. It catches common experience.
C. It gets into the dictionary.
D. It becomes a cliché.
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The writer suggests that an epigram is _______.
A. fresh B. trite C. ordinary D. cheerful
Cosmologists are still asking the same questions that the first stargazers posed as they surveyed the heavens. Where did the universe come from? What, if anything, preceded it? How did the universe arrive at its present state, and what will be its future? Although theorists have long speculated on the origin of the cosmos, until recently they had no way to probe the universe’s earlier moments to test their hypotheses.
Directions: Write at least 250 words to expound what you think the desire to create and explore the new and unknown means to a PhD student. You may develop your argument with the support of examples from your own research field.
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，聚焦近义词语义匹配，是词汇部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A. fragile（脆弱的；易碎的，与 delicate 语义相近，可形容事物娇嫩、易受损）；B. sticky（黏的）；C. dead（枯萎的；死亡的）；D. chewy（有嚼劲的）。
原句中 “delicate” 形容小花 “娇嫩的、脆弱的”，与 [A] 选项 fragile 精准匹配，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查非谓语动词的复合结构，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦介词后动名词逻辑主语的正确形式。
- 答案详解：
“objection to” 中 “to” 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语需用所有格形式（his），而非宾格（him）。正确表达应为 “no objection to his joining”，故 [A] 选项为错误部分。
[B] provided（倘若，引导条件状语从句）、[C] fit in with（适应；符合）、[D] do his share of the work（做好自己分内的工作）均符合语法规则与语义逻辑，无错误。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息查找，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对警句命运的精准提取。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “if it is particularly apt as well as catchy... Soon it is likely to be suffering from overwork. It has then arrived at clichéhood”，明确 “恰当且吸引人的警句会被广泛使用，最终沦为陈词滥调”，故选 [D]。
[A]“像旧硬币一样流通” 是对 “verbal coin” 的字面误解；[B]“捕捉常见体验” 是警句的起源，非后续命运；[C]“被收入词典” 是词典对陈词滥调的定义，并非警句的命运，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查推理判断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对警句初始特征的推断。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “the process begins when someone hits upon a bright new way of stating a common experience. At that point, the remark is an epigram”，“bright new way” 表明警句最初是 “新颖的”，与 [A] 选项 fresh（新颖的）语义一致，故选 [A]。
[B] trite（陈腐的）是陈词滥调的特征；[C] ordinary（普通的）与 “bright new way” 相悖；[D] cheerful（令人愉快的）未在原文提及，故排除。
宇宙学家们仍在探讨首批观星者仰望星空时提出的那些问题：宇宙源自何处？若有前世，它之前是什么模样？宇宙是如何演变至如今的状态，其未来又将走向何方？尽管理论家们长期以来一直在推测宇宙的起源，但直到最近，他们仍没有办法探究宇宙早期的瞬间，以验证自己的假设。
- 考点定位：本题考查学术类文本英译汉，核心考查长句拆分、语义连贯及疑问句式转换，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 长句拆分：将原文包含多个疑问的长句拆分为中文短句，如 “Where did the universe come from? What... preceded it?” 译为独立设问句，符合中文表达习惯；
- 语义精准：“cosmologists” 译为 “宇宙学家”（学术专有名词）；“stargazers” 译为 “观星者”（简洁形象）；“probe the universe’s earlier moments” 译为 “探究宇宙早期的瞬间”，避免直译 “探测” 的生硬感；
- 逻辑衔接：“Although” 译为 “尽管”，明确让步逻辑；“until recently” 译为 “但直到最近”，衔接前后语义转折；
- 句式优化：将英文被动语态 “they had no way to probe” 译为中文主动语态 “他们仍没有办法探究”，更自然流畅。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦学术类议论文写作，核心考查对博士生 “创造与探索未知欲望” 的观点论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点，重点关注学术逻辑与实例支撑。
- 答案详解：
参考范文：
The Desire to Create and Explore: The Core Driving Force for PhD Students
For PhD students, the desire to create and explore the new and unknown is not merely a personal pursuit but the fundamental driving force that sustains academic research and promotes disciplinary progress. In the journey of pursuing advanced knowledge, this desire enables us to break through cognitive boundaries, overcome research obstacles, and make original contributions to our fields.
Firstly, the desire to explore fuels the courage to challenge existing theories and paradigms. In academic research, many established conclusions are not absolute truths but temporary summaries of current knowledge. PhD students, driven by curiosity about the unknown, are more willing to question "common sense" and explore uncharted territories. For example, in the field of artificial intelligence, early researchers in deep learning dared to challenge traditional machine learning frameworks and explored the potential of neural networks in large-scale data processing. Their desire to explore the unknown led to breakthroughs that revolutionized the entire industry. Similarly, in my research on environmental science, the desire to uncover the hidden mechanisms of pollutant migration prompted me to design innovative experimental methods, which ultimately revealed new pathways of soil contamination.
Secondly, the desire to create inspires the generation of original ideas and solutions. PhD research emphasizes originality, and only by constantly creating new theories, methods, or technologies can we make substantial contributions to academia. For instance, in the field of materials science, researchers’ desire to create high-performance and environmentally friendly materials led to the development of biodegradable polymers, addressing the global problem of plastic pollution. In my own research on renewable energy, the desire to create more efficient solar cells drove me to optimize the structure of photovoltaic materials, improving their energy conversion efficiency by 15% compared to traditional models.
Furthermore, this desire cultivates resilience and perseverance in the face of failures. Academic exploration is full of uncertainties, and experiments often end in failure. However, the strong desire to create and explore enables PhD students to view failures as valuable experiences rather than setbacks. It motivates us to analyze the reasons for failure, adjust research plans, and persist in pursuing the ultimate truth.
In conclusion, the desire to create and explore the new and unknown is the core quality of PhD students. It provides the courage to challenge the status quo, the inspiration to innovate, and the resilience to persist in research. For PhD students, nurturing and maintaining this desire is essential to achieving academic success and making meaningful contributions to human knowledge.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分点论证（探索未知的勇气、创造的灵感、抗挫折能力）— 总结升华” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点明确；
- 内容：结合人工智能、环境科学、材料科学等领域的实例，论据充分，贴合 “结合自身研究领域” 的要求，符合 250 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “paradigms, uncharted territories, original contributions, biodegradable polymers” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、分词短语），表达规范流畅，体现学术写作的严谨性。
以上仅为山东大学 2004 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义匹配、语法的精准应用、阅读理解的细节定位与推理、翻译的学术表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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