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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，山东科技大学 2014 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、完形填空两大核心模块（原文缺部分页面，仅展示现有模块），重点考查学术英语理解与语言综合应用能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow's universities by writers representing both Western and non-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.
The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University—a voluntary community of scholars and teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world's great libraries.
Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a "college education in a box" could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.
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When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University, ______.
[A] he is strongly critical of it
[B] he is in favor of it
[C] his view is balanced
[D] he is slightly critical of it
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Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?
[A] The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.
[B] Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.
[C] Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.
[D] Internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.
In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the_31_half of the 19th century; most of them were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great_32_during the First World War, when_33_of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women.
- [A] latter [B] late [C] other [D] first
- [A] impetus [B] input [C] imitation [D] initiative
- 考点定位：本题考查作者态度推断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对作者对核心话题的立场判断。
- 答案详解：
作者在文中既提到了互联网大学的优势，如 “日程灵活、能向数百万学生高效授课、便于获取全球图书馆资源”，又指出了其潜在风险，如 “课程内容标准化、可能挤垮传统院校、导致学术人员失业”，既不盲目支持也不极端批判，观点客观平衡，故选 [C]。
[A]“强烈批判”、[B]“支持” 均片面；[D]“轻微批判” 未体现作者对优势的认可，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息筛选，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “潜在风险” 的精准识别。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提及的互联网大学风险包括：课程内容标准化（对应 [D]）、挤垮传统院校导致教师失业（对应 [C]）、由少数明星教师主导课程（可能产生高知名度教师，对应 [A]）。而 [B]“网络课程比传统课程成本低” 是其优势，并非风险，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，聚焦时间表达的精准匹配，是完形填空部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：[A] latter（后者的，特指两者中的后者，常用搭配 “the latter half of the 19th century” 表示 “19 世纪后半叶”）；[B] late（晚的，“late half of the 19th century” 表达不规范）；[C] other（其他的，无此搭配）；[D] first（第一的，与前文 “1854 年第一所日托所成立” 逻辑矛盾，19 世纪初已出现，后续应是后半叶）。
结合语境 “1854 年首所日托所成立，后续在 19 世纪后半叶多地建立”，[A] 选项符合语义与搭配习惯，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，聚焦名词与 “运动发展” 的语义匹配，是完形填空部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：[A] impetus（推动力；动力，“receive great impetus” 表示 “获得巨大推动力”）；[B] input（输入；投入）；[C] imitation（模仿）；[D] initiative（倡议；主动性）。
语境为 “一战期间，劳动力短缺促使女性大量进入工业领域，日托所运动获得巨大发展动力”，[A] 选项精准契合语义，故选 [A]。
以上仅为山东科技大学 2014 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析（因原文缺页，未涵盖全部模块）。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的态度推断与细节筛选、完形填空的语义衔接与固定搭配，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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