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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，上海财经大学 2007 年考博英语涵盖词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解、写作、翻译五大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
- If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I ______ my head in my hands for a cry.
A) bury B) am burying C) buried D) would bury
- It was the training that he had as a young man ______ made him such a good engineer.
A) has B) later C) which D) that
Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing, but they are not the same.
Although modern in their usage, the two words are derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities, in social groupings. From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inseparable from culture.
The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate one's interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.
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What does the author think of the words "civilization" and "culture"?
A) They are identical.
B) They are different concepts.
C) They can often be used interchangeably.
D) They are defined differently by different people.
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According to the author the word "civilization" originally refers to ______.
A) people's way of life in cities
B) people's ability to live together in cities
C) a type of social organizations
D) an advanced level of social life
商业银行鼓励人民尝试一种以信贷消费为基础的新生活方式。虽然在过去的二十多年中，中国人民的总体生活水平已有很大的改善，但仍然有很多农村家庭买不起家用电器。尽管信贷消费对于拉动社会总需求似乎有积极的效果，然而要评价对国民经济的长期影响也许为时尚早。
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 200 words under the title of "The Goal of Life". Your composition should be based on the following story and outline: 1. What have you learned from the story? 2. What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life, what would you do?
（故事：英国一位残疾青年，双腿不便，却凭着信念和毅力在 28 岁前登上世界所有著名高山。他的目标源于 11 岁时父母遇难前的遗嘱，而实现全部目标后，他因无所适从自杀，遗言称 “没有了新的目标” 。）
- 考点定位 ：本题考查虚拟语气中的固定句型，是词汇语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “it is about time that... ” 的用法。
- 答案详解 ：
“it is about time that...” 句型中，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式（或 “should + 动词原形”，should 不可省略）。句意为 “如果我在电影里，现在该是我双手抱头大哭的时候了”，故选 [C]。
[A] 动词原形、[B] 现在进行时、[D] 过去将来时均不符合该句型要求，故排除。
- 考点定位 ：本题考查强调句型，是词汇语法部分的基础考点，聚焦 “it is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... ” 的结构识别。
- 答案详解 ：
句子核心结构为强调句型，被强调部分是 “the training that he had as a young man”（他年轻时接受的训练），强调句型中被强调部分为人时可用 who/that，为物时只能用 that，故选 [D]。
[A] has、[B] later、[C] which 均无法构成强调句型，若误选 C 会将后半句视为定语从句，导致句子结构混乱，故排除。
- 考点定位 ：本题考查作者观点推断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对核心概念关系的精准把握。
- 答案详解 ：
原文明确指出 “there has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably... but they are not the same”，且后文分别阐释了二者的词源、核心含义及关联，说明作者认为二者是不同概念，故选 [B]。
[A]“完全相同” 与原文相悖；[C]“常可互换使用” 是他人的倾向，非作者观点；[D]“不同人定义不同” 未在原文提及，故排除。
- 考点定位 ：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对词汇原始含义的精准查找。
- 答案详解 ：
根据原文 “civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities”，明确 “civilization” 的原始含义是 “人们在城市中和谐共处的能力”，故选 [B]。
[A]“人们在城市的生活方式”、[C]“一种社会组织类型”、[D]“社会生活的高级水平” 均未体现 “原始含义”，故排除。
Commercial banks encourage people to try a new lifestyle based on credit consumption. Although the overall living standard of the Chinese people has improved significantly over the past more than 20 years, many rural households still cannot afford household appliances. While credit consumption seems to have a positive effect on boosting total social demand, it may be too early to evaluate its long-term impact on the national economy.
- 考点定位 ：本题考查经济类文本汉译英，核心考查语义精准、句式连贯及专业术语翻译，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解 ：
翻译要点：
- 专业术语精准：“商业银行” 译为 “commercial banks”，“信贷消费” 译为 “credit consumption”，“社会总需求” 译为 “total social demand”，“国民经济” 译为 “national economy”，符合经济类文本表达规范；
- 句式优化：将中文多个短句整合为英文复合句，用 “Although”“While” 引导让步状语从句，避免句式零散；“以信贷消费为基础的新生活方式” 译为 “a new lifestyle based on credit consumption”，用过去分词短语作定语，符合英文表达习惯；
- 语义准确：“很大的改善” 译为 “improved significantly”，“买不起” 译为 “cannot afford”，“拉动” 译为 “boosting”，“为时尚早” 译为 “too early to evaluate”，无语义偏差。
- 考点定位 ：本题聚焦人生哲理类议论文写作，核心考查对故事的深度解读与观点表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解 ：
参考范文：
The Goal of Life
The story of the disabled young man is both touching and thought-provoking. He fulfilled his parents' last wish by climbing all famous mountains in the world with extraordinary perseverance, yet ended his life in despair after achieving all goals. This tragedy teaches us a profound lesson: the goal of life is not a single destination to reach, but a continuous journey of pursuit. A meaningful life lies in the process of striving for new goals, not just the achievement of fixed ones.
For me, the goal of life is to pursue continuous self-improvement and make positive contributions to society. As a would-be doctoral student, my short-term goal is to deepen my academic research in my field, master professional knowledge and research methods, and publish high-quality academic papers. In the long run, I hope to apply my research achievements to practical problems, such as promoting technological innovation or solving social issues related to my major. This goal is not a static endpoint but a dynamic direction that guides me to keep learning and progressing.
If I ever achieve my current life goals, I will not stop advancing. Instead, I will set new goals to challenge myself further. For example, I may try to explore interdisciplinary fields, cooperate with scholars from different backgrounds to tackle more complex problems, or mentor young students to pass on knowledge and passion. Life is like a marathon; stopping at a certain point will only lead to emptiness. Only by setting new goals continuously can we maintain the motivation to live meaningfully and enrich our lives with constant growth.
In conclusion, the goal of life should be a lifelong pursuit rather than a one-time achievement. It is the process of striving for new goals that gives life value and significance. We should learn from the disabled young man's tragedy, view goals as a driving force for continuous progress, and make our lives fulfilling and meaningful through unremitting pursuit.
范文解析：
- 结构：遵循 “解读故事启示 — 阐述个人人生目标 — 设想目标达成后的行动” 的逻辑，层次清晰，紧扣提纲要求；
- 内容：深度解读故事核心（目标是持续追求而非终点），结合博士研究生的身份明确个人目标，论据贴合实际，符合 200 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “profound lesson, continuous self- improvement, interdisciplinary fields, unremitting pursuit” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为上海财经大学 2007 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇语法的固定句型、阅读理解的细节定位与观点推断、翻译的语义精准及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
