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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，上海交通大学 2011 年考博英语涵盖词汇、阅读理解、完形填空、写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
- In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly ______ as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself.
A. crucial B. central C. casual D. causal
- To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.
A. improve B. enhance C. guarantee D. gear to
Lithography (平版印刷术) is an art process of printing from a plane surface on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. Lithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water. A drawing is made in reverse on the ground surface of the stone with a crayon or ink that contains soap or grease. The image produced on the stone will accept printing ink and reject water. Once the grease in the ink has penetrated the stone, the drawing is washed off and the stone kept moist. It is then inked with a roller and printed on a lithographic press. As a process, lithography is probably the most unrestricted, allowing a wide range of tones and effects. Several hundred fine prints can be taken from a stone. The medium was employed by many 19th century artists, including Goya, Delacroix, Daumier, Degas, and remains popular with contemporary artists. Among American artists noted for their lithographs are Currier and Ives.
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What occurs when a design has been drawn on a flat surface with a special grease crayon and to which (the surface) water and then ink are applied?
A. The ink adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas.
B. The ink adheres to the moist areas and is repelled by the crayon image.
C. The water adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areas.
D. Both ink and water are repelled by the crayon image.
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Which of the following correctly describes when Ives became a partner?
A. As soon as he married Currier's sister.
B. When he could predict American taste in cheap art better than Currier.
C. After eighteen years of service to the firm.
D. When he had worked for the company for about five years.
Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the topic "Would you like to be self-employed some day? Why or Why not?" Give a title to your essay.
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，聚焦形容词与语境的语义匹配，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A. crucial（至关重要的）；B. central（中心的；核心的）；C. casual（随意的；漫不经心的）；D. causal（因果的）。
语境为 “谈话最后几分钟变得看似随意，仿佛讨论的是琐碎家务事而非生存本身”，“casual” 与 “minor domestic matter” 形成语义呼应，故选 [C]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词及短语辨析，聚焦动词与 “产品” 和 “市场需求” 的搭配逻辑，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义及用法分别为：A. improve（改善，后接宾语无需加介词 to）；B. enhance（增强，直接接宾语）；C. guarantee（保证，后接宾语）；D. gear to（使适应；使匹配，固定搭配 “gear sth. to sth.”）。
语境为 “使产品的质量和品种适应世界市场需求”，“gear to” 符合搭配与语义，故选 [D]。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对平版印刷术原理的精准理解。
- 答案详解：
根据原文 “Lithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water... The image produced on the stone will accept printing ink and reject water”，油脂蜡笔绘制的图案会吸附油墨、排斥水，石板湿润后空白区域（无油脂）会排斥油墨。因此，先加水再上墨时，油墨会附着在蜡笔图案上，被湿润区域排斥，故选 [A]。
[B]“油墨附着湿润区域”、[C]“水附着蜡笔图案”、[D]“油墨和水均被蜡笔图案排斥” 均与原文原理相悖，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息推理，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对时间线索的梳理与计算。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “the Currier and Ives firm... founded by Nathaniel Currier in 1834. James Ives joined the firm as a bookkeeper eighteen years later... and was made a partner in 1857”。1834 年公司成立，Ives 18 年后（1834+18=1852 年）加入，1857 年成为合伙人，因此他在公司工作约 5 年后成为合伙人，故选 [D]。
[A]“一娶 Currier 的妹妹就成为合伙人” 与 “joined... just after becoming Currier's brother-in-law, and was made a partner in 1857” 不符；[B]“比 Currier 更能预测美国大众品味” 未提及；[C]“服务公司 18 年后” 是加入公司的时间，非成为合伙人的时间，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦职业选择类议论文写作，核心考查对 “自主创业” 的观点论证能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Appeal of Self-employment: My Choice for the Future
In the context of economic volatility and fierce employment competition, self-employment has emerged as an attractive option for many university graduates. Personally, I am inclined to start my own business someday, as it offers unique opportunities for personal growth, creative fulfillment, and flexible career development.
Firstly, self-employment allows me to pursue my true passion and realize creative ideas freely. Unlike working for a company where one often has to adhere to fixed rules and objectives, being my own boss enables me to focus on projects that align with my interests and values. For example, if I establish a digital marketing agency, I can choose clients and projects that resonate with my professional aspirations, and implement innovative strategies without excessive bureaucratic constraints. This creative freedom not only enhances work satisfaction but also motivates continuous learning and innovation.
Secondly, self-employment fosters comprehensive personal development. Running a business requires mastering multiple skills, such as strategic planning, financial management, communication, and problem-solving. These skills, which are often not fully developed in traditional employment, will help me grow into a more versatile and resilient individual. Even if faced with challenges and setbacks, the experience of overcoming difficulties will accumulate valuable life lessons and strengthen my ability to adapt to changes.
Finally, self-employment offers greater flexibility in work-life balance. In an era where many people struggle with long working hours and intense workplace pressure, being self-employed allows me to arrange my schedule according to personal needs. I can allocate time for family, hobbies, and further education while managing business operations, achieving a more harmonious balance between work and life.
Admittedly, self-employment involves risks such as financial uncertainty and market competition. However, with careful planning, sufficient professional knowledge, and practical experience, these risks can be effectively managed. In conclusion, the potential rewards of self-employment—creative freedom, personal growth, and flexible lifestyle—outweigh the risks. Therefore, I am determined to prepare myself adequately and embrace the challenge of being self-employed in the future.
- 结构：遵循 “提出观点 — 分点论证（创意自由、个人成长、工作生活平衡）— 回应风险并总结” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点全面；
- 内容：结合具体创业场景（数字营销机构），论据具体，符合 300 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “economic volatility, creative fulfillment, bureaucratic constraints, versatile, resilient” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为上海交通大学 2011 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义匹配与搭配、阅读理解的细节定位与推理、写作的逻辑构建与论据支撑，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
上海交通大学考博真题是上海交通大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考上海交通大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。上海交通大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
