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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，上海理工大学 2016 年考博英语涵盖词汇语法、阅读理解、改错、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语应用与语言综合能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
- The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was ______.
A. contemplated B. contaminated C. contemned D. consulted
- Many of our Welsh people are going to settle in North Carolina, ______ land is cheap.
A. that B. which C. of which D. where
Usually alternating current (AC) transmission suffers lower losses than direct current (DC), and thus, AC became the industry standard. Some people, however, question that standard because over long distances high-voltage DC lines suffer lower losses than AC. Not only does that make them better in their own right, but employing them would allow electricity grids to be restructured in ways that would make wind power more attractive. That would reduce the need for new conventional (and polluting) power stations.
Wind power has some problems. You don't always get it where you want it and you don't always get it when you want it. The question of where the wind is blowing would no longer matter because it is almost always blowing somewhere. If it were windy in Spain but not in Ireland, current would flow in one direction. Dealing with when the wind blows is a subtler issue. For instance, an important part of Dr Schmid's continental grid is the branch to Norway. It is not that Norway is a huge consumer. Rather, the country is well supplied with hydroelectric plants. These are one of the few ways that energy from transient sources like the wind can be stored in grid-filling quantities. The power is used to pump water up into the reservoirs that feed the hydroelectric turbines. That way it is on tap when needed.
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By saying "make them better in their own right" (Line 3-4, Paragraph 1), the author means ______.
A. realize the right of DC
B. make DC suffer lower losses
C. make DC more useful than AC
D. make better use of DC to transfer power
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By "current would flow in one direction" (Line 4, Paragraph 2), the author is actually referring to ______.
A. current flows from Spain to Ireland
B. current flows from Ireland to Spain
C. current flows from Ireland to other places
D. current flows from Spain to other places
在推进素质教育的进程中，宣传舆论发挥着重大作用。它能正确地引导学生、家长和社会各界，在教育观念上形成共识，有助于形成全社会关心、支持、参与实施素质教育的良好环境。
Directions: Write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of "The Relation between Technology and Human Life".
- 考点定位：本题考查形容词词义辨析，聚焦词汇与 “供水” 场景的语义匹配，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
四个选项含义分别为：A. contemplated（深思熟虑的；计划中的）；B. contaminated（受污染的）；C. contemned（被轻视的）；D. consulted（被咨询的）。
语境为 “资源部门通知镇议会供水受到了污染”，“contaminated” 贴合 “供水” 相关场景的语义，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查定语从句引导词，聚焦地点状语的逻辑匹配，是语法部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：
先行词 “North Carolina” 为地点，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，需用关系副词 where 引导，在从句中作地点状语，表 “在那里土地价格低廉”。
[A] that 不能引导非限制性定语从句；[B] which 为关系代词，需在从句中作主语或宾语；[C] of which 表所属关系，不符合语境，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查短语语义推断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对上下文逻辑的理解。
- 答案详解：
前文提到 “远距离传输时，高压直流线路损耗比交流线路更低”，后文进一步说明 “采用直流线路还能重构电网，让风能更具吸引力”。因此 “make them better in their own right” 指直流线路本身因损耗低而比交流线路更实用，故选 [C]。
[A]“实现直流的权利”、[B]“让直流损耗更低”（原文已明确直流损耗本就更低，非 “使” 其更低）、[D]“更好利用直流传输电力”（是后续应用，非短语本身含义）均不符合语境，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息推理，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对风能分布与电流流向的逻辑关联。
- 答案详解：
原文提到 “风能并非总在需要的地方出现，但几乎总有地方在刮风”，举例 “西班牙有风而爱尔兰无风时，电流会单向流动”。结合电力传输逻辑，电力会从能源充足的地区流向能源短缺的地区，因此电流从西班牙流向爱尔兰，故选 [A]。
[B]“从爱尔兰流向西班牙” 与能源传输逻辑相悖；[C]“从爱尔兰流向其他地方”、[D]“从西班牙流向其他地方” 未明确 “西班牙有风、爱尔兰无风” 的核心前提，故排除。
In the process of promoting quality-oriented education, public opinion plays a crucial role. It can correctly guide students, parents and all sectors of society to form a consensus on educational concepts, and help create a sound environment where the whole society cares about, supports and participates in the implementation of quality-oriented education.
- 考点定位：本题考查教育类文本汉译英，核心考查语义精准、句式连贯及固定表达，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
翻译要点：
- 固定表达精准：“素质教育” 译为 “quality-oriented education”（标准译法）；“宣传舆论” 译为 “public opinion”；“形成共识” 译为 “form a consensus”；“良好环境” 译为 “a sound environment”。
- 句式优化：将中文多个短句整合为英文复合句，用 “it” 作形式主语，避免句式零散；“引导…… 形成共识” 译为 “guide... to form a consensus”，“有助于形成…… 环境” 译为 “help create a sound environment where...”，用定语从句明确环境的具体内涵，符合英文表达习惯。
- 语义准确：“推进” 译为 “promoting”；“社会各界” 译为 “all sectors of society”；“关心、支持、参与” 译为 “cares about, supports and participates in”，层次清晰，无语义偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦科技与生活类议论文写作，核心考查对二者关系的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
The Relation between Technology and Human Life
Technology has been profoundly reshaping human life since the dawn of civilization, and in the modern era, this influence has become more pervasive than ever. From daily communication to work, healthcare, and entertainment, technology has infiltrated every aspect of life, bringing both unprecedented convenience and subtle challenges. In my view, the relation between technology and human life is a mutually reinforcing one: technology serves human needs, while human demands drive technological progress.
On one hand, technology has greatly improved the quality of human life. In terms of communication, the invention of the Internet and smartphones has broken geographical barriers, allowing people to stay connected with friends and family anytime, anywhere. Video calls, instant messaging apps, and social media platforms have made long-distance communication more vivid and convenient. In healthcare, advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis, precision medicine, and minimally invasive surgery have enhanced the accuracy of disease detection and treatment, prolonging human lifespan and improving health outcomes. In daily life, smart home devices, online shopping, and food delivery services have saved people a great deal of time and energy, making life more efficient and comfortable.
On the other hand, human needs and aspirations are the driving force behind technological innovation. As people pursue a better life, they constantly put forward new demands, which urge scientists and engineers to develop new technologies. For example, the growing concern about environmental pollution has spurred the development of renewable energy technologies such as solar power, wind power, and electric vehicles. The need for more efficient and personalized learning has promoted the rise of online education platforms and adaptive learning systems. Moreover, human beings are also constantly regulating the development of technology to avoid its negative impacts. For instance, governments and international organizations have formulated relevant laws and regulations to protect data privacy, prevent cybercrime, and mitigate the environmental risks of technological development.
However, it is undeniable that technology also brings some challenges to human life. The over-reliance on technology may lead to the loss of some traditional skills and interpersonal interactions. Cyberbullying, information overload, and job displacement caused by automation are also issues that need to be addressed. Therefore, the key to maintaining a harmonious relation between technology and human life lies in rational use and effective regulation.
In conclusion, technology and human life are interdependent and mutually promoting. Technology has become an indispensable part of modern life, bringing immense convenience and progress. Meanwhile, human beings should always be the masters of technology, guiding its development in the direction of serving humanity and addressing the potential risks. Only in this way can we fully leverage the benefits of technology and create a better life for all.
- 结构：遵循 “提出辩证关系 — 分述技术对生活的改善、人类需求对技术的驱动 — 回应技术带来的挑战 — 总结展望” 的逻辑，层次清晰，论点全面；
- 内容：结合通信、医疗、环保等多个领域的实例，论据充分，符合 300 词以上要求；
- 语言：使用 “pervasive, infiltrated, unprecedented, precision medicine, mitigate” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为上海理工大学 2016 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义匹配与语法应用、阅读理解的细节定位与推理、翻译的精准表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
上海理工大学考博真题是上海理工大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考上海理工大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。上海理工大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
