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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，沈阳药科大学 2011 年考博英语涵盖完形填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作四大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题表达能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined. The existing framework 1 to physical assault and care of the dead has no 2 for organ transplantation. It is 3 to get the permission of the relatives. 4 because organ 5 must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives 6 time.
- A) relating B) associated C) associating D) related
- A) description B) provision C) rule D) statement
Up to this point there has been solid evidence that certain pathological mental states, like depression, are linked with a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death, but the relationship between normal personality traits like optimism and health have not been as thoroughly studied. Dr.Giltay carefully controlled the baseline risk factors like blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking and alcohol consumption in his study. Even after controlling for these confounding variables, there was still a significant excess of mortality in the pessimists compared with the optimists. And when he factored in the subjects' own perception of their health—optimists, not surprisingly, report feeling better—pessimists still had higher morbidity and mortality.
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We can convincingly infer from the first paragraph that
A) normal personality guarantees good health
B) pessimism constitutes a fatal threat for health
C) the relationship between pessimism and death is being investigated
D) pessimism results in mortality
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Comparing pessimists with optimists, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Optimists have better perception of their future.
B) Pessimists have higher morbidity.
C) Optimists are less likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease.
D) Optimists enjoy longer lives than pessimists.
中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出 “民为贵” 的思想，认为 “天生万物，唯人为贵”。一切社会的发展和进步，都取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。
Directions: Write an essay in 160~200 words to discuss the question "To buy or to rent an apartment?" based on the following outline: 1. Two ways of accommodation: to buy or to rent an apartment. 2. Discuss specific reasons for either way. 3. Your attitude.
- 考点定位：本题考查固定搭配与词性辨析，聚焦 “与…… 相关” 的规范表达，是完形填空部分的基础考点。
- 答案详解：“与…… 相关” 的固定搭配为 “be related to” 或 “relate to”，此处空格前为名词 “framework”，需用过去分词形式作后置定语，表被动关联，故选 [D]。
[A] relating 需与 to 搭配，但为现在分词，表主动，不符合 “框架与法律条款相关” 的被动逻辑；[B] associated 需与 with 搭配，不与 to 连用；[C] associating 为现在分词，语义与搭配均不符，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，聚焦法律文本中的规范表达，是完形填空部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A) description（描述）；B) provision（条款；规定）；C) rule（规则，侧重日常或一般规定）；D) statement（陈述）。
语境为 “现有涉及人身伤害和死者照管的法律框架中，没有关于器官移植的条款”，法律文件中 “具体条款” 用 “provision” 最规范，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查推理判断，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对段落核心逻辑的精准把握。
- 答案详解：第一段提到 “抑郁等病理状态与心血管死亡风险相关已有确凿证据，但乐观等正常人格特质与健康的关系尚未被彻底研究”，且 Dr.Giltay 的研究聚焦悲观主义与死亡率的关联，由此可推断 “悲观主义与死亡的关系正在被研究”，故选 [C]。
[A]“正常人格保证健康” 过于绝对；[B]“悲观主义是健康的致命威胁”，原文仅提及 “死亡率更高”，未达 “致命威胁” 的程度；[D]“悲观主义导致死亡”，原文是 “关联” 而非 “因果关系”，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节判断，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对原文信息的精准核对。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “悲观主义者死亡率更高、发病率更高”“乐观主义者自我感觉健康状况更好”，但未明确 “乐观主义者比悲观主义者寿命更长”，“死亡率更高” 不等于 “寿命更短”（可能受其他因素影响），故选 [D]。
[A]“乐观主义者对未来认知更积极”，结合 “自我感觉健康状况更好” 可推断正确；[B]“悲观主义者发病率更高” 为原文明确表述；[C]“乐观主义者患心血管疾病的可能性更低”，结合 “抑郁与心血管死亡相关” 及乐观与健康的关联可推断正确，故排除。
The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value. As early as ancient times, our ancestors put forward the idea that "the people are the most valuable," believing that "Heaven has created all things, and humans are the most precious." The development and progress of all societies depend on the development and progress of humans, as well as the protection of human dignity and the exertion of human value.
- 考点定位：本题考查社科类文本汉译英，核心考查专有名词规范、名言翻译及句式连贯，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 专有名词与名言精准：“中华民族” 译为 “The Chinese nation”；“民为贵” 译为 “the people are the most valuable”（经典译法）；“天生万物，唯人为贵” 译为 “Heaven has created all things, and humans are the most precious”，贴合古文语义与英文表达习惯。
- 句式优化：将中文多个短句整合为英文复合句，用 “as early as”“believing that”“depend on” 等衔接逻辑，使句式流畅，避免零散。
- 语义准确：“尊重人的尊严和价值” 译为 “respected human dignity and value”；“取决于” 译为 “depend on”；“尊严的维护和价值的发挥” 译为 “the protection of human dignity and the exertion of human value”，语义无偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “买房还是租房” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
To Buy or to Rent an Apartment?
With urban population explosion, choosing between buying and renting an apartment has become a tough decision for many, especially migrant laborers and low-income groups. Both options have their own merits and drawbacks.
Buying an apartment offers stability and long-term benefits. It provides a sense of security and belonging, as homeowners don't have to worry about rent hikes or moving. Additionally, real estate often appreciates over time, making it a valuable asset. However, buying requires a large down payment and long-term mortgage repayments, which is a heavy financial burden for most people.
Renting, on the other hand, is more flexible and affordable. Renters can choose housing according to their work location and financial situation, without the pressure of huge upfront costs. It also allows people to use their money for other investments or daily expenses. But renting lacks stability, and rent may increase annually, leading to uncertainty.
In my opinion, the choice depends on individual circumstances. For those with stable high income and long-term plans in a city, buying is a wise choice. For migrant laborers or people with unstable income, renting is more practical. Ultimately, the goal is to find a comfortable living environment that suits one's financial capacity and lifestyle.
- 结构：遵循 “引入话题 — 分析两种方式的利弊 — 表明个人态度” 的逻辑，层次清晰，紧扣提纲要求；
- 内容：结合经济压力、稳定性、灵活性等实际因素，论据充分，符合 160~200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “urban population explosion, financial burden, upfront costs, real estate appreciates” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为沈阳药科大学 2011 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重完形填空的固定搭配与词义辨析、阅读理解的细节判断与推理、翻译的精准表达及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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