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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，西北大学 2012 年考博英语涵盖语法词汇、阅读理解、语篇填空、翻译、写作五大模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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Due to personality__the two colleagues never got on well in work.
A. contradiction B. conflict C. confrontation D. competition
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After_seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.
A. that B. what C. it D. there
More and more, the operation of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purpose can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
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It can be concluded from the passage that______.
A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today.
B. computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions.
C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can't be detected.
D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company.
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What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?
A. With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.
B. They will be denied access to confidential records.
C. They may walk away and easily find another job.
D. They must leave the country or go to jail.
当今的世界，既非丝绸之路时代，亦非马可波罗时代。从上海去东京，只需要两个多小时，相当于从杭州到北京的时间。从中国去地球另一端的美国，也能在日历上的同一天到达。
Directions: Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both views, give your own opinion, and write an essay of about 250 words.
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，聚焦 “人格” 与 “工作相处” 的语义关联，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. contradiction（矛盾，指观点、事实的冲突）；B. conflict（冲突，指人际关系、利益的对立）；C. confrontation（对峙，指公开的正面冲突）；D. competition（竞争）。语境为 “因人格冲突，两位同事工作中相处不融洽”，“conflict” 贴合 “人际关系中的矛盾对立”，故选 [B]。
- 考点定位：本题考查名词性从句引导词，是语法部分的核心考点，聚焦 “after” 引导的宾语从句逻辑。
- 答案详解：“after” 此处为介词，后接宾语从句，从句中 “seemed” 缺少主语，需用 “what” 充当主语（指代 “一段无尽的等待”）；[A] that 在宾语从句中不充当成分；[C] it、[D] there 无法引导该宾语从句，故排除。
- 注：原题选项设置存在瑕疵，结合原文核心信息修正解析：
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨结论推导，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对 “计算机犯罪惩罚现状” 的精准把握。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “计算机犯罪易未被发现，即便被发现，罪犯也可能不受惩罚且获得推荐信”。选项中无完全匹配项，最接近的逻辑为 “计算机犯罪者可能逃脱惩罚”，而原题选项 [C]“因无法被发现而逃脱惩罚” 仅为部分原因（原文还包括被发现后仍逃脱），需注意题干选项设置局限。
- 排除分析：[A]“如今仍无法检测计算机犯罪” 与原文 “易未被发现” 不符；[B]“计算机犯罪是金融机构最严重问题” 原文未提及；[D]“人们应公司要求实施计算机犯罪” 无依据，故均排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “计算机罪犯被抓后结果” 的精准查找。
- 答案详解：原文提到 “即便犯罪被发现，罪犯可能不受惩罚，还能获得前雇主的 glowing recommendation（ glowing 推荐信）”，这意味着他们能轻松找到另一份工作，故选 [C]。
- 排除分析：[A]“名声差难以找工作” 与原文 “获推荐信” 相悖；[B]“被禁止接触机密记录” 原文未提及；[D]“必须出国或入狱” 与原文 “不受惩罚” 不符，故排除。
The world today is neither the era of the Silk Road nor the time of Marco Polo. It takes only more than two hours to travel from Shanghai to Tokyo, which is equivalent to the time from Hangzhou to Beijing. Traveling from China to the United States on the other side of the globe can also be completed on the same calendar day.
- 考点定位：本题考查哲理类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“丝绸之路时代” 译为 “the era of the Silk Road”，“马可波罗时代” 译为 “the time of Marco Polo”，“地球另一端” 译为 “on the other side of the globe”，符合历史与地理表达规范。
- 句式优化：将中文三个短句拆分为英文三个连贯分句，用 “which” 引导非限制性定语从句衔接 “上海到东京的时间” 与 “杭州到北京的时间”，逻辑清晰；“也能在日历上的同一天到达” 译为 “can also be completed on the same calendar day”，被动语态贴合英文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：保留 “时代对比”“距离缩短” 的核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦社会热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “体育专业人士高薪是否公平” 的辩证分析能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
Should Successful Sports Professionals Earn Higher Salaries?
There is a widespread debate over whether successful sports professionals deserve much higher salaries than those in other important professions. Some people argue this is fair, while others hold the opposite view. In my opinion, their high earnings are justified to some extent, but we should not ignore the value of other professions.
Those who support high salaries for sports professionals have sound reasons. Firstly, sports careers are usually short-lived. Most athletes retire in their 30s, so they need to earn enough money to support their future life. Secondly, top athletes face fierce competition and great pressure. They have to undergo years of intensive training and risk injuries. For example, professional footballers often suffer from muscle strains or even fractures, and their careers may end abruptly due to serious injuries. Finally, successful athletes can bring huge economic benefits to society, such as promoting sports industry development and boosting national morale.
However, opponents argue that it is unfair for other professionals. Doctors, teachers, and scientists make vital contributions to society—doctors save lives, teachers cultivate talents, and scientists drive technological progress. Their work is equally important but often underpaid compared to top athletes.
In conclusion, sports professionals' high salaries are reasonable considering their short career span, high pressure, and social contributions. Nevertheless, society should also recognize the value of other important professions and ensure a more balanced salary distribution. Only in this way can we encourage people to contribute to different fields and promote overall social development.
- 结构：遵循 “引出争议 — 分述双方观点 — 提出自身立场” 的逻辑，层次清晰，辩证客观；
- 内容：结合足球运动员受伤案例、医生教师职业价值等具体论据，贴合 250 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “intensive training, abrupt, vital contributions, balanced salary distribution” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为西北大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重语法词汇的语义与逻辑匹配、阅读理解的细节提取与主旨推导、翻译的句式优化及写作的辩证逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
西北大学考博真题是西北大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考西北大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。西北大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
