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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，西南财经大学 2012 年考博英语涵盖词汇、阅读理解、翻译、写作四大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言综合应用与主题思辨能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
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A healthy and better-educated new generation is a ______ for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.
A. guarantee B. security C. demand D. target
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Under normal circumstances the body can ______ these naturally occurring substances into vitamins.
A. convert B. render C. derive D. originate
Millions of Americans take large amounts of vitamin C pills every day because they believe the vitamin will help them stay healthy. However, a new study says vitamin C may help produce substances that can damage DNA. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania experimented with vitamin C in test tubes. They studied the effects of vitamin C on a substance produced in the body from fat. That substance is called hydro-peroxide, which can be changed in a cell into substance that can damage DNA. The scientists found that vitamin C easily changed the hydro-peroxide into the gene-damaging poisons. Such damage is the first step toward developing cancer.
However, the scientists say the study does not mean that vitamin C causes cancer. They say it is well-known that vitamin C is important for human health, but people can get enough vitamin C in the foods they eat. Earlier studies have shown that eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and grains can reduce the chance of developing both heart disease and cancer.
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What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Taking a large amount of VC will do good to health.
B. Taking too much VC pills every day is not good for health.
C. People should take as much VC as possible.
D. It is not necessary at all to take VC pills.
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Which one is NOT true about the effect of VC according to the passage?
A. It is important for human health.
B. It may help produce substances that can damage DNA.
C. It causes cancer.
D. VC in foods can reduce the chance of developing heart disease and cancer.
学习外语对我来说是非常艰辛的经历，但却是一种无比珍贵的经历。它不仅使我懂得了艰苦努力的意义，而且，使我认识了不同的文化，让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物。
Directions: Write a composition based on the title "Ways to Improve Our Agriculture" with the given topic sentences. You should write about 200 words.
- Agriculture is a very important part in our economics.
- We can do many things to improve agriculture.
- 考点定位：本题考查名词词义辨析，聚焦 “新生代与可持续发展” 的语义关联，是词汇部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. guarantee（保证；保障）；B. security（安全；保障，侧重人身或财产安全）；C. demand（需求）；D. target（目标）。语境为 “健康且受教育程度更高的新生代是各国经济社会可持续发展的保障”，“guarantee” 贴合 “核心保障” 的语义，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查动词词义辨析与固定搭配，是词汇部分的基础考点，聚焦 “身体对物质的转化” 逻辑。
- 答案详解：四个选项含义分别为：A. convert（转化，常与 into 搭配，表 “将…… 转化为……”）；B. render（致使；提供）；C. derive（源于；获得，常与 from 搭配）；D. originate（起源；创造）。语境为 “身体能将天然物质转化为维生素”，“convert...into...” 为固定搭配，符合语义与语法要求，故选 [A]。
- 考点定位：本题考查主旨归纳，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对 “维生素 C 补充剂影响” 的核心观点提炼。
- 答案详解：原文开篇指出 “大量服用维生素 C 片可能产生损伤 DNA 的物质”，后续补充 “维生素 C 对健康重要，但食物中已能获取足够量”，核心主旨是 “过量服用维生素 C 片不利于健康”，故选 [B]。
[A]“大量服用 VC 有益” 与原文相悖；[C]“应尽可能多服用 VC” 不符合原文 “适量获取” 的观点；[D]“完全没必要服用 VC 片” 过于绝对，原文未否定适量补充的必要性，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节判断，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对 “维生素 C 作用” 的精准核对。
- 答案详解：原文明确提到 “the study does not mean that vitamin C causes cancer”，即 “该研究并不意味着维生素 C 会引发癌症”，故 [C] 表述错误，为正确答案。
[A]“对人体健康重要”、[B]“可能产生损伤 DNA 的物质” 均为原文明确表述；[D]“食物中的 VC 可降低心脏病和癌症风险” 与原文 “多吃果蔬（富含 VC）可减少患病风险” 一致，故排除。
Learning a foreign language was an extremely arduous experience for me, but it was also an invaluable one. It not only made me understand the significance of hard work, but also enabled me to learn about different cultures and view things from a brand-new perspective.
- 考点定位：本题考查个人体验类文本汉译英，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及逻辑清晰，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“艰辛的经历” 译为 “arduous experience”（比 “difficult” 更贴合 “付出大量努力的艰辛”），“无比珍贵的经历” 译为 “invaluable one”，“全新的思维” 译为 “brand-new perspective”，符合语义表达。
- 句式优化：将中文长句拆分为英文连贯分句，用 “not only...but also...” 衔接两个核心影响，逻辑清晰；“让我以一种全新的思维去看待事物” 译为 “enabled me to...view things from a brand-new perspective”，避免直译的生硬感，符合英文表达习惯。
- 语义完整：完整保留 “经历的双重属性、对努力的认知、对文化的了解、思维的转变” 核心语义，无遗漏或偏差。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦农业发展类议论文写作，核心考查对 “农业提升路径” 的具体阐述能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点，需结合主题句展开具体论述。
- 答案详解：
Ways to Improve Our Agriculture
Agriculture is a very important part in our economy. As the foundation of national economic development, it provides essential food and raw materials for the whole society. More than half of China's population relies on agriculture for their livelihood, so the development of agriculture is closely related to national food security and social stability.
We can do many things to improve agriculture. Firstly, we should strengthen technological innovation, such as developing high-yield and disease-resistant crop varieties and promoting advanced farming machinery to improve production efficiency. Secondly, popularize agricultural science and technology among farmers through training courses and online lectures, helping them master scientific planting and breeding methods. Thirdly, improve the rural infrastructure, including irrigation systems and transportation networks, to reduce the impact of natural disasters and ensure the smooth circulation of agricultural products. Finally, establish a sound market mechanism to protect farmers' interests, such as stabilizing agricultural product prices and providing subsidies for grain production, so as to stimulate their enthusiasm.
In conclusion, improving agriculture is crucial for economic development and people's well-being. With the combination of technology, education, infrastructure and policy support, our agriculture will surely achieve high-quality development.
- 结构：严格遵循给定主题句，第一段阐释农业的重要性，第二段列举具体提升措施，第三段总结升华，层次清晰；
- 内容：结合 “品种培育、科技推广、基建完善、政策保障” 等具体措施，论据充分，符合 200 词要求；
- 语言：使用 “foundation, technological innovation, high-yield, infrastructure, market mechanism” 等精准词汇，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为西南财经大学 2012 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重词汇的语义与搭配、阅读理解的主旨归纳与细节判断、翻译的句式优化及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
西南财经大学考博真题是西南财经大学申请考核制及普通招考博士研究生入学考试考过的真题试卷，对于报考西南财经大学的考生来说，专业课（业务课）科目以及外语考博真题对复习是非常重要的，因为真题除了能告诉我们哪些知识点最重要，考哪些题型之外还能给我们反映出出题的难度如何，考点及重点范围有哪些，每个知识点的出题频率，每个章节的分值比重，各个章节的出题比重，每年都要反复考的知识点等等。西南财经大学考博真题的重要性是任何习题资料都无法比拟的。在考博信息网的考博资料体系中，也是把考博专业课真题作为最为核心、最为重要的资料提供给大家的，资料精准有效，是你考博路上的得力助手，助你高效备考，实现考博目标。
