安徽大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

安徽大学 2008 年博士研究生入学考试英语试卷

Part I Vocabulary (10%)

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. Since there was no place to take shelter, we got ______ in the sudden downpour in no time.
A) stained B) soaked C) sprayed D) sticky

2. During their first teaching training year, the students often visited local school for the ______ of lessons
A) observation B) investigation C) inspection D) examination

3. In my eyes, the old generation is always ______.
A) economic B) costly C) expensive D) thrifty

4. Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still ______, the case must be retried.
A) present B) skeptical C) surprised D) hungry

5. Mary is so ______ that she will believe anything you tell her.
A) credulous B) believable C) trustworthy D) sophisticated

6. The noise was so ______ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.
A) dim B) quiet C) gentle D) faint

7. Her husband is very ______ electrician, he could repair all kinds of electric appliances.
A) industrious B) competent C) careful D) generous

8. Our teacher was usually very kind so that his sudden ______ greatly surprised us.
A) heartiness B) unhappiness C) harshness D) uprightness

9. Man is realizing that the oceans are ______ controlling factors in the weather.
A) a relevant B) an influential C) an inseparable D) a principal

Part II Error Detection (10%) Directions: This part consists of ten sentences. Each sentence has four parts underlined and labeled A, B, C and D. Identify the one choice that is not accepted in standard English and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

21. A few naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known mainly from laboratory-made samples.
A B C D

22. To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source of warmth such as direct sunlight.
A B C D

23. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived Helen Keller of both her sight and hearing.
A B C D

24. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high.
A B C D

25. For many centuries, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships, icebergs, or cliffs in foggy weather.
A B C D

26. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that are the main focus of social psychology.
A B C D

27. It is true that the rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible with the alternation of periods of light and darkness.
A B C D

28. One of the most difficult questions in defining sleep is "What is the functions of sleep?"
A B C D

29. Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate in the opposite direction.
A B C D

30. The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays a vital role in chewing, swallowed, and speaking.
A B C D

Part III Reading Comprehension (40%)

Passage One Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

As protector of her family's health, the pioneer woman confronted situations she never imagined before crossing the Mississippi. Few women came west prepared to deal with desert sunburn, rattlesnake bites, or arrow wounds. Even when doctors were available, they were often no more knowledgeable than their patients. And most patent medicines were no more reliable than the itinerant merchants who sold them. In certain cases, a woman could draw upon the folk wisdom and remedies she had learned back home; Western mosquitoes, for example, proved to be as repelled by a paste of vinegar and salt as were their Eastern cousins. More often, however, a woman was guided only by her own ingenuity in concocting tonics, powders, poisons, and polishes from whatever she had at hand; salt made a passable toothpaste; gunpowder was applied to warts, and turpentine (松节油) to open cuts; goose grease, skunk oil, and the ever-present lard were basic liniments; medical teas and tonics were brewed from sunflower seeds and roots.

31. According to the passage, why were doctors in the west sometimes unable to help their patients?
    A) They did not know how to treat the unfamiliar illnesses.
    B) They were more interested in establishing practices in the cities.
    C) They were more concerned with doing research than with treating patients.
    D) They were often overcome by diseases caught from their patients.

32. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about patent medicines?
A) They do not cost much B) They helped heal snakebites
C) They did not work very well D) They has a strong taste.

33. It can be inferred that most of the pioneers referred to in the passage were originally from where in the United States?
A) The desert B) The West C) The state of Mississippi D) The East

34. All of the following were mentioned in the passage as being encountered by the pioneers EXCEPT ______.
A) arrow wounds B) severe frostbite C) desert sunburn D) rattlesnake bites

35. It can be inferred from the passage that in order to survive in the West, the pioneers had to be ______.
A) sincere B) young C) resourceful D) rich

Passage 2 Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

Woodcarving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe---a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool. However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes---an innovation that, made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wood ware---craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers, while others carved decoys (捕兽的圈套). Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts (半身像) of prominent citizens.

36. This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American ______.
A) arts and crafts B) political leaders
C) logging industries D) fashion design

37. The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were ______.
A) not very sophisticated B) known for doing very quick work
C) dependent on imported materials D) frequented only by fashionable people

38. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchard's invention, lathes ______.
    A) were not made of wood
    B) could not produce square objects
    C) were found only in cabinmaking shops
    D) could be used to make most tools and utensils

39. Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen?
A) A bust B) A decoy C) A figurehead D) A chisel

40. According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do?
    A) They moved out of Massachusetts
    B) They found wood making specialized items.
    C) They made demands on government leaders
    D) They took jobs on ships as sailors.

Passage 3

One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard to sometimes say a simple thing like "I was wrong about that," and it is even harder to say "I was wrong, and you were right about that." I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighborhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and I began to remember vaguely the incident he was describing. I was about eight years old at the time, and I had gone into the store with my mother to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the dairy food department where the incident took place. There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impressive display of eggs in dozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were stacked three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks. Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and knocked off the stacks of cartons. For some reasons, I decided it was up to me to put the display back together, so I went to work. The manager heard the noise, and came rushing over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on my knees inspecting some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the culprit (罪人). He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not.

41. How old was the author when he wrote this article?
A) About 8 years old B) About 18 years old
C) About 23 years old D) About 15 years old

42. Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of cartons?
    A) The author         B) The manager         C) A woman         D) The author's mother 43. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
    A) The woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons was seriously criticized by the manager
    B) The author was severely criticized by the manager
    C) A woman carelessly knocked off the stacks of cartons.
    D) It was the author who put the display back together

44. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
    A) It Is Harder to Admit One's Mistake
    B) I Was Once the Culprit
    C) I Remember an Incident
    D) A Case of Mistaken Identity

45. The tone of the article expresses the author's ______.
    A) anger to the manager for his wrong accusation
    B) admiration for the manager's willingness to admit mistake
    C) indignation against the woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons
    D) regret for the mistake he made in the stone

Passage 4 Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Tidal action is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place and at any one time. The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone. When the attraction is great, the tide is high; and conversely when the attraction is minimal, the tide is low. Between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide, and during its fall an ebb tide. The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater. When the moon and the sun are horizontal, the highest high tide occurs and when they are vertical the lowest low tide takes place. The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide. Thus these factors affect each other, either distracting or adding to the attractive forces to add or subtract from the height of the tide. But the tides still move inexorably on, rising twice a day, getting little later each day and posing a problem of correctly predicting their heights and lows.

46. The principal ideas of the article concerns ______.
    A) the attraction of the sun and the moon.
    B) tidal waves
    C) the sun, the moon and the wind
    D) features which affect the tide

47. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as affecting the tide?
A) The sun B) The moon C) The winds D) The depth of the ocean

48. It can be concluded from the article that the attraction of the sun is ______.
A) less than half that of the moon B) more than half that of the moon
C) more than that of the moon D) less than twice that of the moon

49. If the first high tide takes place at 1:00 a. m. the next high tide will probably take place at ______.
A) 7:20 a. m. B) 8:00 a. m C) 1:45 p. m. D) high noon

50. According to the article, it is clear that the role of the moon ______.
    A) is not as important as that of the wind
    B) is less than that of the sun
    C) causes the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas
    D) has little influence on the tide

Part III Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage.

For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) below the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Japan, whose population is aging faster than that of any other nations, may provide a laboratory for the challenges that developed societies will increasingly face. Such challenges __51__ rising pension and medical costs and greater stress __52__ a shrinking number of family caretakers, __53__ to a recent study published by the Population Reference Bureau. Inc, in Washington, D. C. The proportion of the Japanese population __54__ 65 and over is expected to __55__ than double between 1985 and 2025, __56__ from 10% of the total population to 23%, __57__ to decreasing birth and death rates. __58__, Japan's elderly have been considered "honorable elders" who __59__ a special place in the home, according to Linda G. Martin, author of __60__ National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Population. __61__ the proportion of elderly living with their children __62__ from 77% in 1970 to 65% in 1985. Increased __63__ of middle-aged women, the traditional caretakers __64__ the elderly, means that a __65__ proportion of elderly Japanese can __66__ upon care by family members. The proportion of married __67__ of childbearing age planning to depend on their __68__ for support in old __69__ decreased from 55% in 1950 to 18% in 1988. __70__ where such care is provided, there is some evidence of considerable family stress and poor quality of care.

51. A) insert            B) include            C) enclose            D) hide
52. A) to                B) in                C) on                D) into
53. A) according        B) due                C) previous            D) thanks
54. A) age                B) aging            C) aged                D) ages
55. A) more            B) rather            C) other            D) no more
56. A) rising            B) standing            C) lowering            D) enduring
57. A) due                B) expected            C) fitting            D) suitable
58. A) Commonly        B) Publicly            C) Traditionally     D) Normally
59. A) earn                B) deserve            C) draw                D) derive
60. A) a                B) the                C) one                D) some
61. A) Besides            B) And                C) So                D) But
62. A) omitted            B) dropped            C) failed            D) crashed
63. A) assignment        B) responsibility     C) employment        D) business
64. A) to                B) for                C) toward            D) of
65. A) small            B) little            C) smaller            D) less
66. A) go                B) hang                C) hold                D) rely
67. A) wives            B) partners            C) women            D) ladies
68. A) babies            B) children            C) adults            D) parents
69. A) age                B) ages                C) lifetime            D) period
70. A) Even                B) Still                C) Truly            D) Yet

Part IV English-Chinese Translation (10%)

Directions: In this part, there is a short passage. You are required to translate it into Chinese. Be sure to write your Chinese translation clearly on the Answer Sheet.

Man, the Unknown

In the organization of industrial life and influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic building where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.

Part V Chinese-English Translation (10%)

Directions: In this part, there is a short passage written in Chinese. You are required to translate it into English. Be sure to write your English translation clearly on the Answer Sheet.

天空还是一片浅蓝，颜色很浅。转眼间天边出现了一道红霞，慢慢地在扩大它的范围，加强它的亮光。我知道太阳要从天边升起来了，便目不转睛地望着那里。果然过了一会，在那个地方出现了太阳的小半个脸，红是真红，却没有亮光。这个太阳好像负着重荷似地一步一步、慢慢地努力上升，到了最后，终于冲破了云霞，完全跳出了海面，颜色红得非常可爱。一刹那间，这个深红的圆东西，忽然发出了夺目的亮光，射得人眼睛发痛，它旁边的云片也突然有了光彩。有时太阳走进云层里，它的光线却从云里射下来，直射到水面上。这时候，要分辨出哪里是水，哪里是天，倒也不容易，因为我就只看见一片灿烂的亮光。

Part VI Writing (10%)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition in three paragraphs.

The title of the composition is Books and Teenagers. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph. Your composition should be about 150 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly on the Composition Sheet. Books and Teenagers Different books are intended for different people. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Teenagers are not supposed to read all kinds of books. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Instructions and advice are helpful for young people. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________