安徽师范大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

安徽师范大学 2018 年博士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码：1101
科目名称：英语

I. Multiple-choice Questions (15%) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentences there are choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (15%, 0.5 point each)

1. Cheap energy, specifically cheap oil, ______ fueled this record economic expansion.
A) factly B) virtually C) deliberately D) appropriately 2

. Parents often faced the ______ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise

3. Clark felt that his ______ in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.
A) apprehension B) appreciation C) presentation D) participation

4. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ______ of a brilliant career.
A) threshold B) edge C) porch D) course

5. Do you have any ______ about what living beings on other planets would be like?
A) ideal B) comprehension C) notion D) intelligence

6. We rarely perceive more than a minute ______ of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.
A) fiction B) function C) fraction D) friction

7. All the finished products are stored in a ______ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.
A) garage B) cabinet C) capsule D) warehouse

8. They are to meet the landlord on Friday to sign the ______ for their new apartment.
A) appointment B) lease C) penalty D) pledge

9. So you see, you may have different responses ______ the same stimulus at different times.
A) on B) at C) in D) to

10. The ______ lawyer made a great impression on the jury.
A) protecting B) guarding C) defending D) shielding

11. Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very ______.
A) dim B) obscure C) conspicuous D) intelligible

12. This movie is not ______ for children to see: it contains too much violence and too many love scenes.
A) profound B) valid C) decent D) upright

13. The children in rags looked at us silently as we ate. We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained ______.
A) negligible B) motionless C) cordial D) stationery

14. Through years of hard work, they have turned the formerly ______ land into fertile fields.
A) bare B) empty C) harsh D) barren

15. With the implement of the policy of opening to the outside, tourism has become a ______ business in this country.
A) degrading B) decomposing C) booming D) ripening

16. For many patients, institutional care is the most ______ and beneficial form of care.
A) pertinent B) appropriate C) acute D) persistent

17. Among all the changes resulting from the ______ entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.
A) massive B) quantitative C) surplus D) formidable

18. The suspect ______ that he had not been in the neighbourhood at the time of the crime.
A) advocated B) alleged C) addressed D) announced

19. Although the colonists ______ to some extent with the Native Americans, the Indians' influence on American culture and language was not extensive.
A) migrated B) matched C) mingled D) melted

20. E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that ______ well to human needs.
A) adheres B) reflects C) conforms D) satisfies

21. The wings of the bird still ______ after it had been shot down.
A) slapped B) scratched C) flapped D) fluctuated

22. A membership card ______ the holder to use the club's facilities for a period of twelve months.
A) approves B) authorizes C) rectifies D) endows

23. She ______ through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them.
A) tumbled B) tossed C) switched D) flipped

24. Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to ______ more energy from the earth.
A) extract B) inject C) discharge D) drain

25. The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins, but her doctor ______ her that it is absolutely harmless.
A) retrieved B) released C) reassured D) revived

26. Mary once ______ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.
A) merged B) collaborated
C) coincided D) constituted

27. It's pleasure for him to ______ his energy and even his life to research work.
A) dedicate B) dictate C) decorate D) direct

28. Both parties promised to ______ the contract to be signed the following day.
A) keep with B) tangle with
C) adhere to D) devote to

29. It is true that ______ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.
A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating

30. Although he was on a diet, the food ______ him enormously.
A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged

II. Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. (10%, 0.5 point each)

Nowadays, something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of __31__. A key ingredient is being __32__, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn't hard to __33__. It means that every person is responsible __34__ his or her actions and __35__ for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization __36__ — honesty, kindness, generosity, decency — accountability may be the most important of all. __37__ it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law — and __38__, no society. My job __39__ a police officer is to impose accountability __40__ people who refuse, or have never learned. But as every cop knows, external controls on people's __41__ are far less effective than __42__ restrains such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are __43__. The main cause of this breakdown is a radical __44__ in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was __45__, society was considered the victim. Now, in a stunning reversal, it's the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing; by the school that didn't teach him to read, by the church failed to reach him with moral __46__, by the parents who didn't provide a __47__ home. I don't believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage __48__ criminal activities. If we exempt the criminal even partly, __49__ accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America __50__ need more and more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

31. A) criteria        B) quality           C) values            D) standards
32. A) eroded          B) erupted           C) elapsed           D) erased
33. A) identify        B) define            C) confine           D) defy
34. A) at             B) for               C) with              D) from
35. A) legible        B) reliable          C) legal             D) liable
36. A) on             B) forward           C) over              D) together
37. A) Despite        B) By                C) Without           D) With
38. A) fictitiously   B) preliminarily     C) ultimately        D) incidentally
39. A) like           B) as                C) for               D) being
40. A) on             B) for               C) with              D) to
41. A) discipline     B) behavior          C) security          D) property
42. A) internal       B) intensive         C) inclusive         D) inherent
43. A) undermining   B) unfastening       C) loosening         D) fading
44. A) reverse        B) transference      C) lift              D) shift
45. A) done           B) taken             C) committed        D) made
46. A) sponsor        B) guidance          C) guarantee         D) fund
47. A) mild          B) graceful           C) stable            D) smooth
48. A) in            B) at                 C) with              D) to
49. A) at            B) from               C) off               D) on

III. Reading Comprehension Passage 1 ：
    A) through contact with society
    B) gradually and under guidance
    C) naturally and by biological instinct
    D) through exposure to social information

53. The phenomenon that today's children seem adult-like is attributed by the author to ______.
    A) the widespread influence of television
    B) the poor arrangement of teaching content
    C) the fast pace of human intellectual development
    D) the constantly rising standard of living

54. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
    A) It enables children to gain more social information.
    B) It develops children's interest in reading and writing.
    C) It helps children to memorize and practice more.
    D) It can control what children are to learn.

55. What does the author think of the change in today's children?
    A) He feels amused by child premature behavior.
    B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.
    C) He considers it a positive development.
    D) He seems to be upset about it.

Passage 2

Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed. In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam. In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on "overtime" work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods. In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women's liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women's jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion. Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.

56. Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?
    A) Women usually worked outside the home for wages.
    B) Men and women's roles were easily exchanged in the past.
    C) Men's roles at home were more firmly fixed than women's.
    D) Men and women's roles were usually quite separated in the past.

57. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?
    A) The first sentence.
    B) The second and the third sentences.
    C) The fourth sentence.
    D) The last sentence.

58. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture ______.
    A) destroyed the United States.
    B) transformed some American values.
    C) was not important in the United States.
    D) brought people more leisure time with their families.

59. It could be inferred from the passage that ______.
    A) men and women will never share the same goals.
    B) some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.
    C) most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives.
    D) more American households are headed by women than ever before.

60. The best title for the passage may be ______.
    A) Results of Feminist Movements
    B) New influence in American Life
    C) Counterculture and Its consequence
    D) Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.

Passage 3

Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.

61. What is the main idea of the passage?
    A) Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.
    B) Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.
    C) The industrial age may now be coming to an end.
    D) Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment. 62. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?
    A) The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.
    B) The development of factories.
    C) Relief from housework on the part of women.
    D) Development of modern means of transportation.

63. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
    A) most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time
    B) many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed
    C) in pre-industrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women
    D) some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed

64. What does the word "daunting" (Line 4, Para. 3) mean?
A) Frustrating. B) Interesting.
C) Confusing. D) Stimulating.

65. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?
    A) Create situations in which people work for themselves.
    B) Treat employment as the norm.
    C) Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.
    D) Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.

Section B

Directions: In this section, there is one reading passage followed by 5 questions. You are to read the passage and then answer each question briefly within ten words. (12.5%, 2.5 points for each)

Security and commodity exchanges are trading posts where people meet who wish to buy or sell. The exchanges themselves do no trading; they merely provide a place where prospective buyers and sellers can meet and conduct their business. Wall Street, although the best known, is not the only home of exchanges in the United States. There are the cotton exchanges in New Orleans and Chicago; the Mercantile Exchange, which deals in many of the large cities of the Midwest. Some exchanges, like the Chicago Board of Trade, provide market services for several kinds of products. These trading posts where products may be bought or sold are called commodity exchanges. The security exchanges, on the other hand, are meeting places where stocks and bonds are traded. Like the commodity exchanges, they help serve the economic life of the country. But when their operations get out of hand, they may become very dangerous. In 1929, the security exchanges, or stock market, contributed to a crash—a sudden, sharp decline in the value of securities. Many people lost fortunes; many corporations were bankrupted; many workers lost their jobs. The Crash of 1929 has been attributed to many causes, among them wild and unwise speculation by many people and dishonest practices on the part of some businessmen and of some members of the exchanges. Today, however, investing through security exchanges and trading on commodity exchanges has been made safer by regulations set up by the exchanges themselves and by regulations of the United States government. In 1922, the government instituted the Commodity Exchange Commission which operates through the Department of Agriculture; and in 1934, the Securities and Exchange Commission, to protect