广西大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

广西大学2009年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part I Cloze (15%)
Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Did you ever have someone's name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it? When this happens again, do not __1__ to recall it. Do something else for a couple of minutes, __2__ the name may come into your head. The name is there, since you have met this person and learned his name. It __3__ has to be dug out. The initial effort to recall __4__ the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious __5__ that go to work to dig up a __6__ memory. Forcing yourself to recall __7__ never helps because it doesn't __8__ your memory; it only tightens it. Students find the preparatory method helpful in examinations. They read over the questions __9__ trying to answer any of them. __10__ they answer first the ones __11__ which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking place; work is being done on the __12__ difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers __13__ the more difficult ones will usually begin to __14__ into consciousness. It is often __15__ a question of waiting for recall to come to the memory.

A. try    B. want
C. hesitate    D. wait
A. unless    B. and
C. or    D. until
A. then    B. really
C. only    D. indeed
A. leads    B. begins
C. helps    D. prepares
A. deeds    B. activities
C. movements    D. procedures
A. light    B. fresh
C. dim    D. dark
A. merely    B. almost
C. barely    D. hardly
A. loosen    B. weaken
C. decrease    D. reduce
A. after    B. besides
C. before    D. against
A. Thus    B. But
C. Therefore    D. Then
A. of    B. with
C. for    D. in
A. too    B. less
C. not    D. more
A. to    B. of
C. about    D. for
A. appear    B. grow
C. extend    D. come
A. nearly    B. likely
C. just    D. even

Part II Reading Comprehension (25%)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or finished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to balance its import and export trade.
French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the workers' income. Wages, it is true, had risen. Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state, and there was fulltime and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious (不稳定的) and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.
The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.
Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.

16. According to the passage, the French workers were ______.
A. better paid than the workers in any other European countries.    B. able to save more money with the increase in their wages.
C. anxious to work abroad    D. often unable to find work in France.
17. Rene Coty and Charles Deschanel were both interested in ______.
A. better quality in production    B. increasing quantity in production
C. having the government raise tariffs on foreign imports    D. eliminating unions in France
18. The French government was reluctant to let the workers leave the country because ______.
A. it would enlarge the working force    B. it would hinder the improvement of quality in industrial production
C. it would hinder the increase in quantity of exports    D. it would damage the imports.
19. Rents in France ______.
A. were extremely high    B. were extremely controlled
C. took as much as 80% of the workers' income    D. had doubled in two years.
20. According to the passage, the French government ______.
A. prohibited French to work abroad    B. reduced taxes to fight inflation
C. paid family allowances and benefits    D. prohibited the French workers to join labor unions

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Food can be divided into two basic categories: real food and pleasure food. Real food is fuel for the body's needs, while pleasure food, which is high in fat and sugar, is primarily for taste satisfaction. The categories are pretty obvious. Broccoli (西兰花) is real food. Cookies are in the pleasure group.
When you are hungry, you are faced with choices. If you aren't suffering from excessive hunger, you can be rational about them. Go to the refrigerator. What looks good? If you have chosen a real food, say, a turkey sandwich, you can be certain your body can use it for fuel. Eat it and enjoy.
Two hours later you are hungry again. Back to the refrigerator. What looks good? Ice cream. Stop! Employ your will power just a little. Ice cream is not what your body needs. Does something else look good? Yes a piece of toast with peanut butter and a glass of milk sound good too. Okay, go ahead, remembering that high-fat real foods should be eaten in moderation.
One trick is to eliminate pleasure foods from your kitchen. Instead, keep a variety of high-quality foods available at all times. In short, buy lots of delicious real food, food you really like, and get rid of the junk.
But what if you have ice cream on hand and nothing sounds good? Although you don't want to eat pleasure foods whenever the urge strikes, there is legitimate (合适的) place for them in your diet. If you have analyzed your feelings and there are no other needs imitating hunger, eat the ice cream. You have not failed. On the contrary, you have accepted your natural appetite, but not blindly.
Surprisingly, when you know you can eat anything you want, and that you never have to put up with unsatisfied hunger again, it takes a lot of pressure off. You will begin to want to eat what your body needs, and your body will begin to need foods that will lead to slimness.

21. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The author is against getting rid of pleasure food altogether.    B. One can eat the high-fat real foods heartily since it is fuel for the body.
C. Make sure to keep pleasure food such as ice cream in your diet.    D. Of course you can sometimes have ice cream if you really want to.
22. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Real Food And Pleasure Food.    B. Reducing Weight
C. Limit Your Consumption Of Pleasure Food.    D. How To Choose Food When You Are Hungry
23. What can you assume from the last paragraph?
A. Being able to eat anything doesn't necessarily imply pleasure.    B. Real foods may lead to slimness.
C. Eat only what your body needs.    D. Be sure to satisfy your hunger whenever it strikes you
24. Broccoli is except from ______.
A. ice cream    B. cauliflower
C. a turkey sandwich    D. a piece of toast
25. Judging from the fourth paragraph, what does "junk" mean?
A. Food like ice cream.    B. Food you do not like
C. Pleasure foods.    D. Low-quality foods.

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is thief or a meter reader, and so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits, we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.

26. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ______.
A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job    B. behave appropriately in relation to other people
C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations    D. make friends with other people
27. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______.
A. in order to identify themselves with others    B. in order to better identify others
C. as their mental processes change    D. as the situation changes
28. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para.2) most probably means "______".
A. involvement    B. appreciation
C. assessment    D. presentation
29. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "______"
A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately    B. identification of other people's statuses
C. selecting one's own statuses    D. constant mental process
30. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince" (Line 2-3, Para.3), the writer means ______.
A. different people have different styles of clothes.    B. ready-made clothes may need alterations
C. statuses come ready made just like clothes.    D. our choice of statuses is limited.

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
"Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it's a girl."
Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good father. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative (创新的) adaptation, on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

31. According to the author, being a father ______.
A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men.    B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters.
C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy    D. means nothing but more responsibilities.
32. It is stated in the passage that ______.
A. some parents are not prepared to have a child    B. young couples do not like children at all.
C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children    D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child.
33. In the third paragraph, the author ______.
A. criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children    B. excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a father.
C. supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the family    D. complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father.
34. The transition to the mother's role requires that the wife ______.
A. change her life style in a highly innovative way    B. make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation
C. stay at home to take care of the baby    D. help her husband in his remobilization process
35. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, ______.
A. have to shoulder more burdens    B. have to make more difficult adaptations
C. have an easier job to do    D. can usually do a better job

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Has the quick pace of modern living gotten you down? Has your life grown too complicated? Has the quest for more money and more excitement become an obsession (强迫症)? Surveys show that a lot of Americans are feeling overwhelmed by their responsibilities. In their wild search for fulfillment, they've gotten themselves into situations in which they feel like they're on a treadmill (踏车) and can't get off.
Among many couples, both husband and wife work because they claim they have to make ends meet. Granted, in this society with its wide difference of income, it often takes two breadwinners in a family to survive. But in other cases, what people are really saying is that they have to pay for the luxuries to which they've grown accustomed—the extravagant vacations, boats, new cars, brand-name clothes, expensive houses, costly memberships in the golf club, the motor homes.
But as Paul reminds us in the Bible, we didn't bring anything into this world, and we won't take anything with us when we leave. People who want to be rich fall into all sorts of traps and temptations. They are caught by foolish and harmful desires that drag them down.
Many of us pride ourselves on never having an idle moment. Yet when there is no time for quit, there is no time for the soul to grow. The man who walks through the countryside sees much more than the one who runs.
The British philosopher Bertrand Russell said once, "A certain power of enduring boredom is essential to a happy life." He pointed out that the lives of most great men have not been exciting except at rare moments. Nor did the great men of the past travel widely. Kant, the famous 18th-century German philosopher, never got more than ten miles from his home in Konigsberg in Prussia. Darwin, after going around the world, spent the rest of his life in his own house. Socrates would mainly just take a walk in the afternoon and meet a few friends along the way. Jesus, according to the Bible, never left the confines of tiny Palestine.
A happy life, said Russell, must be to a great extent a quiet life "for it is only in an atmosphere of quiet that true joy can live."

36. According to the author, in many families, both husband and wife work because ______.
A. they want to make ends meet    B. they want to live an extravagant life
C. they are overwhelmed by responsibilities.    D. they are obsessed with work
37. By quoting Paul in the Bible, the author means ______.
A. foolish desires plunge men into ruin and destruction.    B. people should be content with simple living
C. pursuit of money is contrary to human nature    D. rich people will not be happy
38. By saying "The man who walks through the countryside sees much more than the one who runs", the author means ______.
A. one should idle through one's life    B. one should leave some time for thinking
C. one should walk rather than run if he wants to enjoy the country scenery    D. one should balance work with leisure.
39. According to Bertrand Russell, if one wants to be happy, ______.
A. he should not get excited except in rare moments.    B. he should not travel widely
C. he should live a quiet life    D. he should live in the confines of his native town.
40. We can infer from the passage that the quick pace of modern life ______.
A. has left many people depressed.    B. has provided many people with great excitement
C. has given many people the opportunity for self-fulfillment    D. has resulted in a rapid increase in psychological illnesses.

Part III Vocabulary (15%)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

41. He came back late, ______ which time all the guests had already left.
A. after    B. by
C. at    D. during
42. I'm very sorry to have ______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.
A. interfered    B. offended
C. impressed    D. bothered
43. If the whole operation ______ beforehand a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned    B. has not been planned
C. had not been planned    D. were not planned
44. The price of beer ______ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.
A. altered    B. ranged
C. separated    D. differed
45. His remarks left me ______ about his real purpose.
A. wondered    B. wonder
C. to wonder    D. wondering
46. I have heard both teachers and students ______ well of him.
A. to speak    B. spoken
C. to have spoken    D. speak
47. Our son doesn't know what to ______ at the university; he can't make up his mind about his future.
A. take in    B. take up
C. take over    D. take after
48. The house was very quiet, ______ as it was on the side of a mountain.
A. isolated    B. isolating
C. being isolated    D. having been isolated
49. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still ______.
A. blank    B. hollow
C. vacant    D. bare
50. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of traveling ______ heavy schedules.
A. with regard to    B. as to
C. in relation to    D. owing to
51. Tony is very disappointed ______ the results of the exam.
A. with    B. for
C. toward    D. on
52. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, ______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A. peculiarly    B. indifferently
C. vigorously    D. inevitably
53. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ______ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.
A. while    B. since
C. after    D. as
54. When people become unemployed, it is ______ which is often worse than lack of wages.
A. laziness    B. poverty
C. idleness    D. inability
55. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place ______.
A. where I'd like to visit    B. I most want to visit
C. in which I'd like to visit    D. that I want to visit it most
56. ______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.
A. Dislike    B. Unlike
C. Alike    D. Liking
57. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ______ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.
A. being    B. been
C. to be    D. having been
58. ______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. For    B. Since
C. Before    D. While
59. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful ______ in the market.
A. batteries    B. bargains
C. baskets    D. barrels
60. We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A. may we use    B. we may use
C. we could use    D. did we use
61. In previous times, when fresh meat was in short ______, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.
A. store    B. provision
C. reserve    D. supply
62. As Commander- in- Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ______ for our defense.
A. had been taken    B. would be taken
C. be taken    D. to be taken
63. A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, ______ from the sort of candles used only in churches.
A. had come    B. coming
C. come    D. that came
64. After the guests left, she spent half an hour ______ the sitting- room.
A. ordering    B. arranging
C. tidying up    D. clearing away
65. I was ______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A. to    B. on
C. at    D. in
66. In no country ______ Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of single day.
A. other than    B. more than
C. better than    D. rather than
67. A lorry ______ Jane's cat and sped away.
A. ran over    B. ran into
C. ran through    D. ran down
68. The project ______ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A. accomplished    B. being accomplished
C. to be accomplished    D. having been accomplished
69. ______ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.
A. If being    B. It is
C. There is    D. There being
70. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply ______.
A. appreciated    B. approved
C. appealed    D. applied

Part IV Error Correction (10%)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word, or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, underline it and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, underline it and put a slash (/) in the blank.

Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. S1 periods → period
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a school subject are valid for ^ study of television. S2 having → /　S3 ^ the study of

This country is in big trouble and we don't know it. Seventy years before was illegal to gamble in America. Gambling was considered immorally by our grandparents. Today you can gamble in all but three states, Hawaii, Utah and Tennessee, and states actually encourage its citizens to gamble.
S1 ________　S2 ________　S3 ________

Gambling is very attractive, particularly to people who need money. The Illinois Lottery did a study to see who gambles, and found people who made less than ten thousand dollars a year gamble six times often than those who earn over fifty thousand dollars a year. People know they can win millions by risk a dollar. A recent program on the Discovery Channel stated that gambling is so attractive that, when the stakes are high, ninety percent of eligible adults buy a ticket. Governors go on television and encourage their citizens to bet and tell them how little they can win. But the real odds of winning a state lottery are approximately fourteen million to one, the same odds as being hit by lightning seven times while waiting in the lottery line.
S4 ________　S5 ________　S6 ________

Our parents grew up thinking that gambling was wrong, therefore our children are growing up with gambling as easy as going to McDonald's. At the first time in history, gambling is available close to home and now even if inside of the home with the Internet. People can walk to and from work and gamble. Most people who gamble enjoy gambling as a game; it's exciting and fun. But some citizens are caught up in an addict as powerful as heroin and alcohol.
S7 ________　S8 ________　S9 ________　S10 ________

Part V Translation (15%)
Directions: You are going to translate the following sentences in Chinese and English into English and Chinese.

1. 你最好把心思放在自己的事情上而不是放在我的事情上。
2. 贫穷使许多人感到沮丧，但我父亲却不会这样。
3. 乐观一点，不要总想着那些烦心的事。
4. It is true that many war crimes have been committed in the name of national or international interests.
5. As yet we have no accurate estimates of the damage resulting from the loss of productivity associated with the virus.

Part VI Writing (20%)
Directions: The table below highlights some key health indicators for six selected countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.

Key Health Indicators
country people per doctor life expectancy infant mortality calorie intake
China 890 71 31 2,703
Japan 610 79 5 2,956
Vietnam 2,857 67 36 2,233
India 2,165 61 79 2,243
Russia 210 69 20 3,300
America 420 77 9 3,671

* infant mortality: the number of babies per 1,000 live births who die before reaching one year of age.

广西大学2009年博士研究生入学考试试题参考答案及解析

Part I Cloze
1.A 语义衔接题。此句意思是：当这种情况再次发生时，不要______回忆它。选项分别与to搭配后，表示"设法"；"想要"；"犹豫"；wait与for搭配。因此，根据句意关系，只有A项表示"设法回忆它"符合语义衔接关系。
2.B 逻辑衔接题。空格前大意是：做几分钟别的事情；空格后大意是：可能会记起名字。因此，前后体现的是一种时间关系，综合四个选项的意思，B项"并且"表示前后并列的关系，最符合前后逻辑。
3.C 语义衔接题。前文谈及：做几分钟别的事情，你就会想起来。因为你看到过这个人，知道他的名字，所以他的名字在脑海里。因此，后文"it ______ has to be dug out"中应该填入"only"一词，表示"这只需要被找出来即可"符合前后语义关系和语境。即C是正确答案。
4.D 词组搭配题。根据介词for可知，正确答案是D项，构成"prepare for"，表示"为……做准备"，因此，只有D项符合句意和搭配。
5.B 词汇辨析题。此句是it is…that的强调句，大意是：正是潜意识活动将模糊的记忆找出来。根据后文的信息对应关系——deeper mental activities，以及常见表达可知，B项表示"意识活动"为正确答案。
6.C 词汇辨析题。根据前后文的关系，此处表示的应该是潜意识中的记忆，因此，形容词，C项"暗淡的；昏暗的"构成"模糊的记忆"符合语境和搭配关系，即为正确答案。
7.B 词汇辨析题。空格后面有否定词never，而且整体看，此句表示"强迫自己回忆也……不会有帮助"，也是否定的涵义，因此，C和D项都表示"几乎不"可排除，A项表示"仅仅"不符合语境，故B项"几乎；差不多"是正确答案。
8.A 词汇辨析题。根据后文"it only tightens（收紧；紧绷）it"可知，此处与之形成对比关系，故A项"loosen解开或放松"和"memory"搭配，符合前后信息的逻辑对比。故A项是正确答案。
9.C 逻辑衔接题。空格前谈及"read over the question"，后文又谈及"answer any of them"，因此，空格处的介词应该体现"read"在"answer"之前的先后顺序，即C项"在……之前"是正确答案。
10.D 逻辑衔接题。前文谈到：在答题之前，他们会读问题。而空格处的内容是：他们回答那些自己最为自信的问题。因此，从逻辑关系上考虑，空格处是承接上句的内容，体现时间先后顺序。故D项"然后"符合逻辑衔接，是正确答案。
11.A 固定搭配题。…they answer first the ones ______ which they are most confident. 此句空格后是定语从句，并根据结构考虑，空格处应该是填入介词。再者，先行词是物，因此，应该使用"be confident of"表示"对某事自信/有信心"，表示"他们首先回答那些自己最为自信的题目。"因此，A项是正确答案。
12.D 语义衔接题。根据与后文"By the time the easier questions are answered, answers to the more difficult ones …"的信息对比和对应关系可知，此处填入比较级"more"符合句意和语义衔接关系。因此，D项是正确答案。
13.A 固定搭配题。answers ______ the more difficult ones表示"更难的问题的答案"，此处的answers是复数名词，因此，根据"answer to（the question）"的固定搭配，此处的正确答案是A项"to"。
14.D 固定搭配题。根据句意：更难问题的答案通常会开始______意识，以及通过介词"into"综合可知，D项可构成词组搭配："come into"，表示"进入"之意，符合正确语境，也与前面的come into your head相对应。
15.C 语义辨析题。前文已经将探讨的问题进行了分析，因此，最后只是将问题进行一个总结和说明。通过四个选项的意思可知，只有C项"刚才；仅仅；只是"符合前后语义关系。句意是：它常常只是等待唤回记忆的问题。

Part II Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
16.C 推理判断题。题意：根据本文，法国的工人们……？根据文章第二段：In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages. 在这个不稳定和令人沮丧的情况下，工人想去国外工作以获得高薪。因此，C项"anxious to（渴望）work abroad"是正确答案。
17.A 细节事实题。题意：Rene Coty and Charles Deschanel都关注于哪个方面？文章开头即介绍了"More attention was paid to me quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production."即Charles Deschanel任财政部长时更是坚持产品的质量比数量更为重要。因此，A项"更好的产品质量"是正确答案。
18.B 细节事实题。题意：法国政府不希望工人们离开国家去国外工作的原因是？定位到原文第三段中：The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. 即这种担忧是：有技术的工人们去国外打工，会影响/阻碍本国产品质量的提升。因此，B项正确。
19.B 细节事实题。题意：法国的租金状况如何？定位到原文第二段中：Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the workers' income. Wages, it is true, had risen. 虽然租金被严格地控制着，但是，极端的通货膨胀因为食品成本而严重影响了普通群众。因此，法国的租金情况应该是B项"被严格控制"，即B项是正确答案。
20.A 推理判断题。题意：根据文章介绍，法国政府采取了什么措施？The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. 政府不愿意让工人离开本国。It was feared this immigration of workers would deplete the labor force. 它怕这种工作移民会消耗劳动力。因此，A项"禁止法国人出国工作"符合政府的想法，其他三项的相关内容在文中都未提及，即A项是正确答案。

Passage 2
21.B 推理判断题。题意：下列哪项陈述是正确的？文章第四段有说到，有合适的情况也是可以吃快乐食物（比如：冰激凌）的，故A项"作者也反对放弃快乐食物"，C项"饮食中确保有快乐食物"，D项"当然，如果想吃，有时候还是可以吃冰激凌的"都是正确的。文章中说到，高脂肪的食物是因为口感好，并不是身体所需的食物，因此B项"吃高脂肪的食物是因为人体需求"是错误表述，也不符合主题，故B项为正确答案。
22.C 主旨大意题。题意：最适合的标题是什么？从文章的主题来看，作者介绍两种类型的食物，并且建议人们注意饮食，选择健康，高品质的实际食物，限制高脂肪的快乐食物的摄入。因此，A项并不是最重要的，B项只是一个可能的结果，D项在文中有谈及关于选择实际食物，但是主题并非是"如何"选择食物，而是在面对选择的时候，控制摄取快乐食物（pleasure food）。因此，C项"限制快乐食物的摄取"是正确答案，更为全面，也是作者的建议。
23.A 推理判断题。题意：从最后一段可以得出？最后一段谈及：惊奇地是，当你知道你可以吃你想吃的食物时，当你绝对不会再忍受饿意时，你需要卸下很多压力。当你开始吃一些身体所需的食物时，你的身体将会开始需要导致苗条的食物。因此，甄选四个选项，A项"能吃任何东西并不意味着快乐"，因为需要卸下很多压力，并不是轻松的事，较符合原文的推断。该段并未说到"real foods"造成苗条，即B项是细节信息错误。C项在该段没有提及。最后一段也没有谈及"当饿的时候，确保满足你的饥饿感"，故排除D项。因此，正确答案是A项。
24.A 推理判断题。题意：西兰花不同？文章第一段中谈及：Broccoli（西兰花）is real food. 西兰花是实际食物，即是人体的能源供给。四个选项分别是：冰激凌；花椰菜；火鸡三明治；烤面包。第三段中：Ice cream is not what your body needs. 即A项不是人体真正所需的，因此，与西兰花不同的是A项。B项cauliflower是一种蔬菜，理应属于实际食物。第二段中：If you have chosen a real food, say, a turkey sandwich. 即C项是实际食物。第三段中：Yes a piece of toast with peanut butter, 即需要一片涂有花生酱的烤面包，则D属于实际食物的。故正确答案选A项。
25.D 词汇题。题意：从第四段判断，"junk"是指？定位到第四段中：Instead, keep a variety of high-quality foods available at all times. In short, buy lots of delicious real food, food you really like, and get rid of the junk. 大意：相反，在任何时候，都要吃各种高品质的食物。总之，买很多美味的实际食物，是你真正喜欢的，然后放弃垃圾食物。根据前后文的逻辑关系，作者总结并强调，应该吃美味的，真正喜欢的高品质食品，而放弃"the junk"，因此，与该词最接近的意思应该是D项"low-quality低品质；劣等"。

Passage 3
26.B 细节事实题。题意：第一段中作者告诉我们，身份能帮助我们……？定位该段的中心句：Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. 大意：身份是了不起的人类发明，它有助于人们相处融洽，而且能判断自己"适合"于社会的什么位置。因此，B项"对别人要做到举止适当"是做出符合自己身份的恰当表现。文章并未说到A项"某人是否符合某项工作"，以及C项"在不熟悉的环境中保护自己"，以及文中只说到"与他人相处融洽"，但并未谈及D项中"与他人交朋友"，故都排除。因此，B项是正确答案。
27.D 细节事实题。题意：根据作者可知，人们通常呈现不同的身份……？根据文章的第二段中：The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. 大意：我们呈现的身份通常会随着我们所遇到的人不同而变化，而且它一生都在改变。因此，D项"随着情况改变"是原文信息的同义表达，即为正确答案。
28.C 词汇题。题意：第二段第五行的"appraisal"的意思是？选项的意思分别是：A项"牵连"；B项"欣赏"；C项"评估"；D项"陈述"。定位到第二段中：Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. 大意：社会的互动由识别和选择合适身份、并让他人认定他们自己与我们相对应的身份。这就意味着，我们在不断的心理评估和理解的基础上，调整我们自己的行为。所以，appraisal（评价；估量）和interpretation的过程是与前文的identifying and selecting相关的，即C项"评估"更符合语境，是正确。
29.A 细节事实题。题意：第二段最后一句中"it"是指什么？定位到该句：Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly. 大意：虽然我们中有些人比其他人觉得这件事更加困难，大多数人在做这件事时还是毫不费力的。因此，根据逻辑关系，it是指让步状语从句中的task，也就是上文所说的"根据评估和理解以调整自己的行为去适应他人"这项任务。因此，A项"使我们的行为举止适合他人"是正确答案。
30.D 推理判断题。题意：作者说"一个美国人就不能选中国的农夫或是印度的王子的服装"，这表示？这是为了论证主题而举的例子，因此，需要找到此段的中心句，通过段首句：A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. 身份可以比作即将要做的衣服。以及段尾句：Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited. 身份也是即将要做的东西，在其中选择的范围也是有限的。因此，最后一句是总结句，是作者以挑选衣服作比喻，为了说明我们的身份选择只能在一定范围内进行，因而身份选择是有限制的，故D项是正确答案。

Passage 4
31.C 细节事实题。题意：根据作者，成为父亲是怎么样的？定位到原文第二段中：Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good father. 大意：当听到消息时，一些人感到骄傲，而另一些人则担心他们能否成为一个好父亲。即成为父亲使得一些人感到骄傲，另一些人则心神不安（感到担忧）。A和D项在文中并未谈及，B项中"who have daughters"是多余信息。因此，C项是正确答案。
32.A 推理判断题。题意：文章说了什么？定位到原文第二段中：Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. 一些父母计划生育孩子，并期待孩子的到来。对于其他夫妻而言，怀孕是一个意外，夫妻双方不管愿不愿意都得接受。因此，A项"一些父母并未准备好要孩子"是正确答案。其他三项在文章并未体现。
33.D 推理判断题。题意：第三段，作者认为什么？第三段主要谈及：从丈夫到父亲的角色转变是一个困难的任务。然而，不幸地是，在教育做父亲方面，采取的措施很少，而且，有关父亲角色的书籍也很少。因此，综合考虑，作者主要在"抱怨社会缺少帮助丈夫适应于父亲角色的安排"，即D项是正确答案。
34.B 细节事实题。题意：母亲角色的转变需要妻子怎样？通过最后一段中：The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative (创新的) adaptation. 母亲的角色在日常生活中需要一个完整的改造，并且需要高度的创新适应。因此，在日常生活中，妻子需要一个完全的转变以处理新情况，故B项是同义表达，是正确答案。
35.C 推理判断题。题意：一些作者认为，关于角色的转变，父亲相较于母亲而言，是怎样的？定位到原文第三段中：It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. 一些作者认为，尽管困难，但是转变成父亲角色的难度不如妻子转变成母亲的角色的难度大。因此，C项"有一个更容易的工作"是正确答案。

Passage 5
36.B 细节事实题。题意：根据作者，有些家庭的夫妻都工作是因为？第二段中说到：他们自己认为，夫妻双方工作是因为收支相抵。但是，题意问的是：作者认为夫妻双方都工作的原因是什么？因此重点信息是：But in other cases, what people are really saying is that they have to pay for the luxuries to which they've grown accustomed…但是，在其他情况下，人们真正要说的是，他们必须为已经习惯了的奢侈品（生活）买单……因此，真正的原因是B项"他们想要过奢侈生活"，即B项是正确答案。
37.B 推理判断题。题意：通过引用圣经中的Paul，作者是想？定位到原文第三段：…we didn't bring anything into this world, and we won't take anything with us when we leave. 我们没有带任何东西来到这个世上，我们也不会走任何东西。People who want to be rich fall into all sorts of traps and temptations. They are caught by foolish and harmful desires that drag them down. 想富有的人陷入各种各样的陷阱和诱惑中。他们被愚蠢和将他们拖下水的有害欲望所控制。因此，作者引用他的话，是想否定那种因欲望而生的生活，进而呼吁一种安静的简单生活，故B项"人们应该满足简单的生活"是正确答案，也符合文章主题。
38.B 推理判断题。题意：作者说："走过乡村的人看的东西比跑过去的人要多"，是为了？定位到第四段：Many of us pride ourselves on never having an idle moment. Yet when there is no time for quit, there is no time for the soul to grow. 大意：我们许多人都为自己没有荒废时光而感到自豪。然而，当没有时间停下来的时候，也就没有时间去成长。因此，作者说这话是指"人应该留有一些时间思考"符合推理，符合作者提倡安静生活的主题。故B项是正确答案。
39.C 推理判断题。题意：根据Bertrand Russell，如果想要快乐，他需要怎么样？定位到原文最后一段：A happy life, said Russell, must be to a great extent a quiet life "for it is only in an atmosphere of quiet that true joy can live." Russell认为幸福的生活一定是很大程度的安静生活，因为正是在安静的氛围中，真正的快乐才出现。因此，如果想要快乐，"他应该安静的生活"是符合Bertrand Russell的观点，也是作者所提倡的生活态度。故C项是正确答案。
40.A 推理判断题。题意：从现代生活的快节奏可以推断出什么？通过题干，定位到第一段中：Has the quick pace of modern living gotten you down? Has your life grown too complicated? Has the quest for more money and more excitement become an obsession? 现代快节奏生活让你失望了吗？你的生活变得复杂了吗？对于金钱和兴奋的要求成为一种痴迷了吗？Surveys show that a lot of Americans are feeling overwhelmed by their responsibilities. In their wild search for fulfillment, they've gotten themselves into situations in which they feel like they're on a treadmill (踏车) and can't get off. 大意：调查表明，很多美国人觉得无法承受责任。在疯狂的实践探索中，他们进入了一种仿佛骑着脚踏车却不能下车的状态。总体来说，这种快节奏的现代生活使得人们生活地并不轻松或者快乐，大体来看，是一种消极的心态结果。综合四个选项，A项"使有些人沮丧"符合文中对于现代快节奏生活的影响描述。

Part III Vocabulary
41.B 【解析】语法——定语从句。短语：by the time表示"到……时候为止"，定语从句中介词+which等于关系副词。整句话可以转变成：All the guests had already left by the time he came back. 因此，B项符合语法结构和语义关系，是正确答案。
42.D 【解析】词义辨析——动词。四个选项的意思分别是：A项"干预；打扰"；B项"冒犯；得罪"；C项"给……以深刻印象"；D项"烦扰；打扰"。根据语境，"打扰"之意符合句意，因此，排除B和C，但是interfere作"打扰"之意时，是不及物动词，故正确答案是D项"bother烦扰"。
43.C 【解析】语法——虚拟语气。根据if引导的从句，以及主句中的时态——would have been综合可知，这是一个对过去时间的虚拟语气，因此，从句的时态应该用had done，再者，operation与plan之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案应该是C项。
44.B 【解析】固定搭配。根据语境，此句表示从……到……的数据变化，根据介词from…to可知，range符合搭配，构成range from…to…表示"从……到……"。其他选项都无此搭配，因此，正确答案是B项。
45.D 【解析】固定搭配。leave sb. doing sth. 表示"让某人一直在做某事"。因此，D项符合此搭配，是正确答案。
46.D 【解析】固定搭配。"hear sb. do sth."表示"听见某人做某事，表示听到了全过程"；hear后面的不定式是不带to的，表示一种经常性、重复性的结果。因此，正确答案是D项。
47.B 【解析】词组辨析。A表示"吸收，理解，欺骗"；B表示"占据，从事于"；C表示"接管"；D表示"长得像……，性格类似……"。因此，根据句意理解，B项take up"从事于，开始做"符合语义关系，即为正确答案。
48.A 【解析】语法——分词。as引导原因状语从句，空格处是从句中的表语，正常语序应该是as it was isolated on the side of a mountain. 因此，正确答案是A项。
49.D 【解析】词义辨析——形容词。A项表示"空白的（没有写东西）"；B项表示"空心的"；C项表示"空缺的（职位）"；D项表示"（树木）光秃秃的；（土地）荒芜的"。因此，根据语境和搭配关系，D项是正确答案。
50.D 【解析】固定搭配。A项表示"关于"；B项表示"关于；至于"；C项表示"与……相关"；D项表示"由于"。根据语境，行程安排和旅行之间是因果关系，因此，D项"由于；因为"是正确答案。
51.A 【解析】固定搭配。be disappointed at/by表示"对某事感到失望"；be disappointed with/in表示"对某事/某人感到失望"。因此，根据搭配，A项是正确答案。
52.C 【解析】词义辨析题——副词。A项表示"异常地；古怪地"；B项表示"漠不关心地；冷淡地"；C项表示"精神旺盛地，活泼地；大力地"；D项表示"不可避免地，自然而然地；必然地"。根据空格后面的语境态度可知，此处填入积极词汇，因此，C项表示"大力地"是正确答案。
53.D 【解析】语法——as的用法。______ suggested by the local government是整句话的插入语，省略了主语和be动词的结构，因此不能使用while作连词，表示"当……时候"，或表示对比关系；此外，since作连词，引导原因状语从句，故也排除；after表示"在……之后"也排除。因此，此处的as表示"像……一样"符合句意。因此，D项是正确答案。
54.C 【解析】词义辨析题——名词。A项表示"怠惰，懒散"；B项表示"贫穷"；C项表示"安逸，闲散"；D项表示"无能"。根据unemployment和"which is often worse than lack of wages"可知，只有C项"闲散"符合语境。
55.B 【解析】语法——定语从句。the place是先行词，visit是及物动词，即the place做从句中visit的宾语，则使用关系代词，并且关系代词可以省略，因此，正确答案是B项。A和C都是关系副词，D项不是定语从句。
56.B 【解析】词义辨析题——介词。A表示"不喜欢"；B项"不像……"；C表示"同样的"；D表示"喜欢/嗜好"。根据句意，B项符合句意，是正确答案。
57.A 【解析】语法——非谓语动词。空格前的句子是完整的主句，因此，空格处的动词不能是动词原形，即变成非谓语形式，再者，根据句子的时态和语态可知，be动词与其逻辑主语之间是现在时态的主动关系。因此，A项"being"是正确答案。
58.B 【解析】语法——状语从句。根据句意判断，句子前后是因果关系，而且前半句是陈述事情原因，因此，正确答案选B项"因为"。
59.B 【解析】词义辨析题——名词。A表"蓄电池"；B表示"特价品"；C表示"篮子"；D项表示"桶；圆筒"。因此，根据句子语境判断，B项符合语义，是正确答案。
60.A 【解析】语法——倒装。that后面是一个宾语从句。该宾语从句以否定意义的短语under no circumstances开头，则使用部分倒装结构，即助动词或情态动词提前。根据句子时态，从句应该是陈述事实，可以排除D项。因此，正确答案是A项。
61.D 【解析】短语搭配。in short supply表示"供不应求"，其他选项无此搭配，因此，正确答案是D项，也符合句意。
62.C 【解析】语法——should+动词原形的虚拟语气。当表示"命令、建议、要求"的词后面接从句时，从句多用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should+动词原形。此句中，direct表示"建议性指导；命令"之意，而且，measures和take之间是被动关系，此题是省略了should，因此，正确答案C项。
63.A 【解析】语法——动词。空格处是填入原因状语从句的谓语动词，因此，B和D项可以排除。根据句子的时态，A项是正确答案。
64.C 【解析】词组辨析。根据宾语部分——the sitting-room可知，C项"整理"符合正确语境。A项表示"命令"；B项表示"安排"；D项表示"清除"。spend+时间/金钱+doing sth. 表示"花时间/金钱做某事"，因此，C项是正确答案。
65.B 【解析】语法——固定句型。be on the point of doing sth. …when…表示"正要/即将……的时候；在……之际"。因此，正确答案是B项。
66.A 【解析】固定搭配。A项表示"不同于……；除了"；B项表示"不只是；超过"；C项表示"比……更好"；D项表示"而不是"。因此，根据句意，空格处应该填入"除去……"之意，因此，正确答案是A项。此外，in the course of表示"在……期间"。
67.A 【解析】词组辨析。A表示"碾压；溢出"；B表示"撞上"；C表示"贯穿"；D表示"撞到"。根据语境，宾语是一只猫，因此，A"碾过"更符合搭配，是正确答案。
68.C 【解析】语法——分词。根据谓语的时态will可知，这个项目要到2000年底才能完成，即the project与accomplish之间是将来时态的被动关系。因此，只有C项中的不定式才体现了将来的时态，故C项是正确答案。
69.C 【解析】语法——动词。that之前是完整的主句，因此A和D项可以排除；根据句意，空格处应该理解成"有证据表明/显示"，因此，C项是正确答案。
70.A 【解析】词义辨析题——动词。根据句意理解，以及关键部分"Those gifts of rare books that were given to us"可知，A项"感激"符合句意，是正确答案。其他选项意思是：B项表示"赞成"；C项表示"呼吁"；D项表示"应用"。

Part IV Error Correction
1. before → ago 【解析】常用搭配。seventy years ago表示"70年前"。
2. immorally → immoral 【解析】词组短语。短语结构是：be considered (to be) + adj. 因此，将副词immorally改成形容词immoral"不道德的"。
3. its → their 【解析】搭配一致性。主语是states，是复数名词，因此，后文的单数指代词"its"应该改成复数的"their"。
4. ^ less often than 【解析】倍数表达。根据倍数表达形式：A+动词+倍数+比较级+than +B，因此，此处需要添加形容词，再者，根据前后关系，填入的形容词应该是"less较少"。
5. stated → states 【解析】主谓一致。主语是单数recent program，以后从句中的谓语动词是现在时is，因此，综合而知，主句的谓语的时态应该是现在时，即states。
6. little → much 【解析】搭配表达。句意是：……鼓励他们的公民赌博，并且告诉他们能赢多少。因此，"how much"才表示"多少"之意。
7. therefore → but 【解析】逻辑关系。句中是逗号连接句子，因此，此处的逻辑词是连词，再根据前文的对比关系可知，此处将therefore (adv. 因此)改成but (conj. 转折)。
8. At → For 【解析】词组短语。For the first time in history表示"有史以来第一次"，符合句意。
9. if → / 【解析】语义逻辑。前文谈及：在家附近可以赌博，现在，甚至在有网络的家里也可以赌博。因此，将even if"即使；纵容"改成even"甚至"才符合前后文的语义逻辑。
10. addict → addiction 【解析】词汇题。addict表示"瘾君子；对……入迷的人"，因此，应该将该词改成"addiction"表示"瘾；入迷；嗜好"才能符合句意。其中，be caught up in表示"涉及；牵涉；卷入"。

Part V Translation
1. 【参考译文】You had better put your mind on your own matters instead of mine.
2. 【参考译文】Poverty makes many people feel depressed, but my father wouldn't do that.
3. 【参考译文】Be more optimistic! Do not always think of those annoying things.
4. 【参考译文】确实，许多战争罪行都是以国家或国际利益的名义犯罪的。
5. 【参考译文】到目前为止，我们没有准确的损失估计，而这些损失是由与病毒相关的生产力损失造成的。

Part VI Writing
【参考范文】
The chart presents information about key health indicators for six countries. The key health indicators include four aspects, such as people per doctor, life expectancy, infant morality and calorie intake.
People per doctor are 2,857 in Vietnam, followed by the figure, 2,165 in India, far ahead of the figure in Russia, with 210 people. The longest life expectancy is 79 in Japan, and life expectancy of America is only second to that of Japan. The average life expectancy is over 60 year-old among six selected countries. Infant mortality of India tops the list of the six countries, and the lowest of it is 5 in Japan, followed by America. The figure about calorie intake of America is 3,671. And Russia ranks second, arriving at 3,300. The figure of Vietnam is 2,233 at the bottom of the list.
To Summarize, The life expectancy in developed countries is longer, while the developing countries has higher infant mortality. These figures show that key health indicators in developed countries are superior.