哈尔滨师范大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

哈尔滨师范大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

（自命题试题 English (A)）
Part One Grammar and Vocabulary (20 points)
Directions: Here are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.
1. I shall be busy next Monday. I ______ classes the whole morning and ______ a lecture in the afternoon.
A. have; attend    B. am having; would attend
C. would have; would attend    D. shall be having; shall be attending
2. The ______ in David's character has hindered him from advancement in his career.
A. weakness    B. shortcoming
C. demerit    D. defect
3. Fred has ______ kind of humor that can only be appreciated by those willing to search beneath the surface.
A. an obvious    B. a hidden
C. subtle    D. a controlled
4. Although the main characters in the novel are so true to life. They are certainly ______.
A. imaginary    B. imaginable
C. imaginative    D. imagining
5. He was unable to endure the torture of the enemy and surrendered. He ______ his comrades.
A. revealed    B. suspended
C. exposed    D. betrayed
6. So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travel    B. travels the light
C. do light travel    D. does light travel
7. Dictionary of the English language ______ by Dr Samuel Johnson was the first real attempt as a systematic and interestingly written survey of English usage.
A. constructed    B. composed
C. compiled    D. collected
8. The energy gained from the sun can then be used during the night to enable the necessary chemical reactions to ______ in his body.
A. precede    B. proceed
C. progress    D. practice
9. The factory has turned out ______.
A. twice more TV sets this year than last year
B. TV sets this year twice as many as last year
C. twice as many TV sets this year as last year
D. TV sets twice more this year than last year
10. Fred doesn't like white coffee, nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries, because he prefers them ______.
A. natural    B. plain
C. simple    D. ordinary
11. Home economists recommend ______ in large quantities.
A. to buy basic food items    B. buying basic items of the food
C. buying basic food items    D. to buy basic food items
12. Though steam engines have now passed the ______ of their usefulness their heritage remains.
A. prime    B. era
C. epoch    D. date
13. John said that his present job does not provide him with enough ______ for his organizing ability.
A. scope    B. space
C. capacity    D. range
14. It's harmful to one's health to ______ smoking and drinking.
A. take on    B. take to
C. take in    D. take off
15. Jim's close ______ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.
A. accuracy    B. confusion
C. probability    D. resemblance
16. On the side of the hill, there is a ______ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.
A. deep hole in ground    B. hole deep in ground
C. deep hole in the ground    D. deep in the ground hole
17. She's got so ______ to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.
A. use to listen    B. used to listen
C. used in listening    D. used to listening
18. The reason he wants to take a leave of absence is ______.
A. because he is needing a complete rest    B. because he needed a complete rest
C. that he needs a complete rest    D. because a complete rest is needed by him
19. There are many kinds of metals, ______.
A. each having its special properties    B. having its special properties
C. one has its special properties    D. each has its special properties
20. They did not find ______ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.
A. worth their while    B. it worthwhile
C. it worth    D. it worthy
Part Two Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: In this part there are 3 passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
Passage 1
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people "generalists". And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people to, organize other people's work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field: his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist---and especially the administrator---deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.
He is an "educated" man; and humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you---but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job: it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
21. There is an increasing demand for ______.
A. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others    B. all-round people in their own field
C. people whose job is to organize other people's work    D. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
22. The specialist is ______.
A. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters    B. a man whose job is to train other people
C. a man who has been trained in more than one field    D. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
23. The administrator is ______.
A. a man who is an "educated" specialist    B. a "trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalist
C. a man who sees the trees as well as the forest    D. a man who is very strong in the humanities
24. During your training period, it is important ______.
A. to try to be a generalist    B. to choose a profitable job
C. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist    D. to find an organization which fits you
25. A man's first job ______.
A. should not be regarded as his final job    B. is never the right job for him
C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job    D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Passage 2
Not all language is verbal. Some of our communication occurs without words. We often use our entire bodies for communication. We may raise our eyebrows to indicate surprise. Perhaps we nod our heads to show that we agree with something. There are hundreds of nonverbal signals that can be used to communicate. These signals are part of language, and they are governed by rules in the same way that our spoken language is. For this reason, people who speak different languages often use different nonverbal signals as well.
In addition to verbal communication and the type of nonverbal communication discussed above, there are other message systems that we use to communicate. When we speak to some people, we may stand very close to them while we may stand far away from other people. Use of space, then, is a way we can communicate the relationship we feel with another person. The way we dress can also communicate for us. The person who wears dirty jeans and a T-shirt communicates a different attitude from a person who wears neat trousers and an attractive shirt. We can even use time to communicate. The person who is on time for an appointment shows a different attitude from the person who is an hour late. Can you think of other message systems that use?
26. Language, according to the passage, is actually ______.
A. verbal only    B. verbal and nonverbal as well
C. totally nonverbal    D. verbal communication rather than nonverbal signals
27. Nonverbal signals ______.
A. have few rules    B. are less useful than speech
C. are often used in communication    D. are entirely separate from language
28. What does the author tell us about the T-shirt?
A. It is a kind of informal clothing    B. It is accepted on formal occasions
C. It is popular on campus only    D. It is admired by educated people
29. People who do not speak the same language ______.
A. have no nonverbal signals in common    B. cannot understand any nonverbal signals
C. have different nonverbal signals    D. use the same nonverbal signals in any case
30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of nonverbal communication?
A. Thoughts.    B. Time.
C. Appearance.    D. Space.
Passage 3
Burning the midnight oil before exams is counterproductive, according to research that suggests sleep is needed to allow memories to be "downloaded" into the brain. A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a requirement to effective recall in later weeks, scientists have found. The findings, published in the Nature Neuroscience, showed that it was the act of sleep, rather than the simple passage of time, that was critical for long-time memory. "We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory, "said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the study.
With about one in five people claiming they are so short of sleep that it affects their daily life, the study was about a less well-understood side-effect of insufficient sleep: serious memory problem. Professor Stickgold's team invited 24 volunteers taking part in the test. Half the subjects were allowed a night's sleep and half were kept awake, but both groups were later allowed sleep on the second and third nights, to make up differences in tiredness between the groups. The tests found that those who slept on the first night were significantly and consistently better at performing the memory task, while the second group showed no improvement, despite their catch-up sleep over the other two nights.
31. The phrase "burning the midnight oil"(Para.1) refer to ______.
A. lighting at night    B. working late at night
C. destroying something at night    D. cooking at night
32. To remember a new task, you'd better ______.
A. have a good sleep for 30 hours before the task    B. have a good time for 30 hours before the task
C. have a good sleep during 30 hours before the task    D. have a good time during 30 hours before the task
33. In the test, the two groups ______.
A. had same sleep and same performance    B. had different sleep and different performance
C. had same sleep and different performance    D. had different sleep and same performance
34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It's necessary to work hard before exams    B. Insufficient sleep does no harm to memory.
C. The more you sleep, the better your memory is    D. Sleeping is important during the process of memory.
35. Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage?
A. Sleep and Memory    B. Serious Memory Problem
C. How to Pass Exams    D. A Test on Sleep
Part Three Translation (30 points)
Directions: In this part, there are 10 English sentences, translate them into Chinese.
1. Once you know the difference between American individualism and Chinese collectivism, you will understand these two cultures better.
2. When we set up occupational goals, we should have a realistic understanding of our abilities and talents.
3. Population explosion has made more and more people realize the terrible consequence of the rapid population growth.
4. The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.
5. The traditional societies are so different from modern societies that comparisons based on just one factor are hard to interpret.
6. Increasingly, over the past ten years, especially young people, have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health.
7. By a good economy I mean one that is not only expanding but also employing the nation's human and physical resources at a high degree of clinic efficiency.
8. Three decades ago, a totally new technology--internet--emerged when a few computer scientists linked two bulky computers using a cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks.
9. Because of the rise in the enrollment of the higher education in China, experts predict that within the next decade the government and society will face the great pressure of employment.
10. With the new hope of a new century, a new danger which might also arise is that the worldwide increasing pollution may be ruining the global environment on which our life depends.
Part Four Composition (20 points)
Directions: Write about 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Playing Computer Games