河北大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

河北大学2016年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（B卷）

所有答案均答在答题纸上，答在本试题纸上无效。
第一部分词汇（10分，每题1分）
There are 10 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence.
1. It is apparent that new energy sources will be required to keep up the ______ societies of the world in the future.
A. civil    B. civilian
C. civilized    D. civic
2. We specialize in ______ furniture and interior designing.
A. quality    B. quantity
C. great    D. brilliant
3. Various kinds of fish have got used to ______ conditions.
A. special    B. extreme
C. unexpected    D. comfortable
4. Twentieth-century American writers became more ______ to the discovery of human nature.
A. related    B. engaged
C. connected    D. committed
5. Now the new engine is ______ more and more public attention.
A. receiving    B. accepting
C. obtaining    D. focusing
6. The school attracted numerous ______ young painters and made Bologna an active and famous Italian art center.
A. promising    B. prosperous
C. hopeful    D. probable
7. Children ______ have better memories than adults, especially in learning foreign languages.
A. on average    B. on the average
C. on an average    D. averagely
8. He ______ tonight with his horrifying fishing stories.
A. lived on my nerves    B. got on my nerves
C. touched my raw nerve    D. lost his nerve
9. Gifts and purchases are important ______ of other types of collections for a museum.
A. sources    B. origins
C. bases    D. homes
10. Without a moment's ______, he voted to reject the proposal.
A. meditation    B. hesitation
C. reaction    D. contemplation
第二部分语法（10分，每题1分）
Part II Grammar (10 points, 1 point each). Directions: There are four choices marked A, B, C and D beneath each sentence, choose the one that best completes the sentence.
11. If I were you, I ______ try the Chinese Restaurant on King Street.
A. will    B. must
C. have to    D. would
12. A membership card authorizes ______ the club's facilities for a year.
A. the holder using    B. the holder's use
C. the holder to use    D. the holder uses
13. Don't let the child play with scissors ______ he cuts himself.
A. only if    B. in case
C. now that    D. so that
14. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ______ you don't mind taking the night train.
A. provided    B. unless
C. though    D. Until
15. If I ______ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A. had worked    B. worked
C. were to work    D. were working
16. Your hair wants ______. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut    B. cutting
C. to cut    D. being cut
17. You should take caution ______ error in your calculation.
A. of    B. against
C. on    D. with
18. When I caught him ______ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating    B. cheat
C. to cheat    D. to be cheating
19. I don't think it is advisable that Tom ______ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned    B. will be assigned
C. be assigned    D. has been assigned
20. We were locked out and I didn't have my key, so we ______ break down the door!
A. could    B. must
C. had to    D. should
第三部分完形填空（10分）
Part III Cloze (10 points). Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) below the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
When I was about twelve, I suddenly developed a great passion for writing poetry. I gave up all my __21__ hobbies, such as collecting stamps, and spent all my spare __22__ reading poetry and writing it. This habit of writing poetry __23__ every possible occasion soon got me into trouble at school. If a lesson did not interest me, I __24__ take out my notebook and start writing poems in class. Of course I did this very cautiously, but it was not long before I got caught. One day __25__ I was busy writing a poem during a geography lesson, I looked up to find the teacher standing over me, fuming with anger __26__ I was not paying attention. He tore the poem up, with a warning not to waste time in his class. All the same I was convinced that I had written a good poem, so that evening I wrote it out again __27__ memory. Not long after, I read about a poetry contest and I __28__ to send in my poem. Weeks later, long after I had given up __29__, I got a letter informing me I had won the first prize. Everyone at school was very impressed except the geography teacher, who watched me more carefully __30__ ever. He was quite determined that I was not going to write poetry in his lesson!
21. A. another    B. other    C. else    D. only
22. A. clock    B. space    C. room    D. time
23. A. on    B. in    C. at    D. with
24. A. will    B. would    C. should    D. must
25. A. although    B. since    C. while    D. because
26. A. when    B. as    C. while    D. because
27. A. in    B. from    C. out    D. off
28. A. applied    B. asked    C. decided    D. demanded
29. A. desire    B. hope    C. worship    D. prey
30. A. then    B. much    C. than    D. since
第四部分阅读理解（20分，每题2分）
Part IV Reading comprehension (20 points). Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Before World War II, the labor force in the United States was made up almost entirely of men. Those women who did have jobs were, as a rule, single and usually worked in schools, businesses or small factories, particularly in the garment industry. It was only the exceptional married women who worked. Those who did work generally owned their businesses, such as a dress shop or a restaurant. They also may have helped their husbands in their businesses.
Since World War II, the entrance of both married and single women in the working world has continued to increase. Today, not only are there more single women available for the labor market, but there are also large numbers of married women, many of whom have children.
One of the primary reasons why there's a noticeable increase in the number of employed women is that more women, both single and married, have become aware of the need for personal self-fulfillment. Of course, other factors have also contributed to the increase in the number of working women. Some of these include a change in the education among many women, who are entering very specialized fields such as medicine, law and computer science. Modern appliances have also reduced the amount of housework and a demand for expensive goods has increased the necessity for a "second outcome".
31. Before the Second World War the labor force was made up ____.
A. mostly of men.    B. only of men.
C. of single women.    D. of women.
32. Women with jobs were generally ____.
A. married    B. single
C. old    D. young
33. Today there are ____ in the working world.
A. more single women    B. more married women
C. fewer women    D. both A and B
34. What's the most important reason for this increase of women labor force?
A. They need do less housework.    B. They have had high education.
C. They go to work for their self-satisfaction.    D. They need more money.
35. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Women in the Labor Force    B. Women on society
C. Men during World War II    D. Modern Labor Force
Passage 2
Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way, far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think ever teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.
Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.
It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are likely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.
36. What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?
A. A few people are really proficient.    B. No one is proficient.
C. Many people are fairly good.    D. Some people are moderately proficient.
37. The author believes that people tackle the pronunciation problems in the wrong way mainly for the reason that ____
A. they do not truly understand the problem.    B. they do not know how to pronounce the foreign language correctly.
C. nobody tells them how to pronounce the foreign language correctly.    D. the general phonetic theory is difficult to learn.
38. The best way of learning to speak a foreign language, according to the author, is ____
A. to have the children pick up the language in a foreign environment.    B. to hire a foreign teacher at home.
C. to devote some time to the pronunciation learning in a systematic way.    D. to have the children learn to pronounce the language casually.
39. Students will understand the importance of pronunciation when ____
A. the teacher delivers his lectures in English.    B. the teacher abandon the teaching of grammar.
C. the teacher goes about the pronunciation problem in a correct way.    D. the teacher punishes the students for their absence.
40. Teachers might find themselves wasting their time when ____
A. they spend lesson time on pronunciation.    B. they make comments upon pronunciation learning.
C. they make use of the phonetic knowledge in the classroom.    D. they do not let the students get a clear understanding of the difference between the foreign language and their mother tongue.
Passage 3
The rate of population growth is fastest in underdeveloped countries. In these countries a high birth-rate is accompanied by a lowered death rate thanks to improved standards of public health. Ideally it should be possible to counter balance the effect of a reduced death rate by an increased use of family planning. In practice, however, population control is a complex matter. Throughout history people have determined the size of their families according to the cultural values of their societies.
Population control has long been a subject of discussion among researchers. Some have argued that the supply of good land is limited. In order to feed a large population, bad land must be cultivated and the good land over-worked. As a result, each person produces less in a given amount of time and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other researchers have argued that a large population gives more scope for the development of facilities such as sports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. Similarly, it can be argued that the public costs of society will not be so heavy to each individual if they are shared among the members of a large population.
One of the difficulties in implementing birth control lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country. In underdeveloped countries where a large population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birth-rate. In a well-developed society the problem may be more complex. A declining birth-rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a shrinking market. Cities with a declining population may have to face the prospect of a shrinking tax base and a fall in land values. If there are fewer children going to school, teachers may be thrown out of work. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
41. One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that ____.
A. those countries encourage people to have large families    B. people can get government support if they have more kids
C. improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatly    D. those countries have enough resources to support a large population
42. The writer suggests that policy makers should consider cultural values ____.
A. in carrying out family planning    B. in producing birth control drugs
C. in improving public health standards    D. in introducing birth control techniques
43. A large population in an underdeveloped country may lead to ____.
A. a rise in work efficiency    B. a shortage of farm workers
C. a decline in grain production    D. a reduction in average income
44. Some people believe that population control in developed countries may ____.
A. increase market demand    B. lower unemployment rate
C. slow down economic growth    D. create more job opportunities
45. According to the writer, developed countries prefer ____.
A. a standstill population    B. a fast increasing population
C. a slowly growing population    D. a steadily decreasing population
Passage 4
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business, to fashion, to science, and the range of comment and special features as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in.
What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world now. But immediacy and speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
46. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its ____
A. wide coverage    B. uniform style
C. speed in reporting news    D. popularity
47. According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same" newspaper is that ____
A. people scan for the news they are interested in.    B. different people prefer different newspapers
C. people are rarely interested in the same kind of news    D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is.
48. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers ____
A. apply reading techniques skillfully.    B. jump from one newspaper to another.
C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper.    D. usually read a newspaper selectively
49. A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because ____
A. it tries to serve different readers.    B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.
C. readers are difficult to please    D. readers like to read different newspapers
50. The best title for this passage would be "____"
A. The Importance of Newspaper Topicality    B. The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C. The Variety of a Good Newspaper    D. Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
第五部分翻译（30分）
I) In this part, there are 5 independent sentences, which you should translate into Chinese. You should write your translated sentences on the Answer Sheet.
51. They appear to be promoting a sports event when, in fact, they are selling cigarettes. It is harmful in the long run when cigarette companies sponsor sports events and music concerts which otherwise might not be performed for lack of money.
52. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured.
53. For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat, fertile, North China Plain, which is densely populated.
54. Scientists in that country are now supplied with necessary books, equipment and assistant, that will ensure success in their scientific research.
55. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
II) In this part, there are 5 underlined items in the following passage, which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or more sentences. You should write your translated all the 5 items on the Answer Sheet.
A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. (56)Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.
All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. (57) Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather condition existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. (58)Twice a month it issues a 30-day "out-look" which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.
Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. (59)With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, up-slope mountainous winds which have produced additional rainfall on the windward side of mountain ranges. (60)Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.
第六部分写作（20分）
For this part, you are asked to write a composition on the topic "My Favorite Form of Entertainment". You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the following suggestions:
1. 人们越来越重视娱乐
2. 娱乐方式多种多样，我最喜欢的是……
3. 选择这种娱乐方式的原因