合肥工业大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

合肥工业大学2004年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷

考试科目：英语
I. Listening Comprehension (15%)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A. At the office. B. In the waiting room.
C. At the airport. D. In the restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they have to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose answer A on the Answer Sheet.
1.
A. The weather. B. The sun.
C. The subway. D. Right and wrong.
2.
A. 11:00. B. 11:10.
C. 11:20. D. 11:30.
3.
A. Peter doesn't like French food. B. Peter likes French food.
C. Peter likes to be polite. D. Peter doesn't necessarily like French food.
4.
A. In the hospital. B. At home.
C. At work. D. In the office.
5.
A. Blue. B. Red.
C. Black. D. White.
6.
A. $2. B. $1.75.
C. 25 cents. D. 10 cents.
7.
A. China. B. Japan.
C. America. D. Australia.
8.
A. By plane. B. By ship.
C. By train. D. By car.
9.
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday.
C. Saturday. D. Friday.
10.
A. Skiing. B. Swimming.
C. Golf. D. Tennis.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.
A. Polite. B. Bossy.
C. Noisy. D. Orderly.
12.
A. They like to try foreign foods. B. They like to take photographs.
C. They like to visit churches. D. They like to wear shorts.
13.
A. Americans don't care much about what they eat. B. The Japanese are very competitive in business.
C. Americans don't seem to pay due respect to religious places. D. Japanese husbands dominated their wives, but not now.
Passage 2
Questions 14 and 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.
A. He went for a walk. B. He went to stay with his uncle for a few weeks.
C. He went for a drive. D. He made a trip to the country.
15.
A. His uncle waved to everyone they passed. B. His uncle knew everyone they met.
C. Everyone they passed waved to them. D. Everyone they passed knew them.
II. Vocabulary and Structure (10%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
16. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly ______ to another subject.
A. switched B. committed
C. conveyed D. transmitted
17. By the time we get home, the snow ______.
A. will stop B. is stopping
C. has stopped D. will have stopped
18. A sudden movement caught his attention and he instantly became ______ and alert.
A. intensive B. submissive
C. suspicious D. superstitious
19. Taking into ______ all the circumstances, he thought it wise not to say anything further.
A. account B. description
C. measure D. narration
20. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, ______ something occurred which attracted my attention.
A. unless B. until
C. when D. while
21. Some foreign visitors were held ______ by the immigration authorities for quite a long time.
A. up B. on
C. down D. off
22. ______ an important position, I am sure I can also make great achievements as he did.
A. Having given B. Given
C. Being given D. Having been given
23. This advertising campaign has ______ significantly to the success of the new year.
A. contributed B. granted
C. furnished D. donated
24. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.
A. correcting B. to correct
C. being corrected D. having corrected
25. It is ______ all doubt one of the most extraordinary books which human genius has ever produced.
A. over B. beyond
C. at D. above
26. The man in the corner confessed to ______ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. having told B. have told
C. being told D. be told
27. ______ speaking, making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of telecommuting realities.
A. General B. Generally
C. Common D. Commonly
28. The hermits(隐士) ______ themselves ______ entirely from the pleasures and enjoyments of the world.
A. cut down B. cut on
C. cut up D. cut off
29. Ultrasonic sounds produce pulsed signals ______ various defects in metal can be detected.
A. as a result of that B. by means of that
C. as a result of which D. by means of which
30. It is the company's policy to ______ short-term profits for the sake of long-term growth.
A. ruin B. sacrifice
C. eliminate D. omit
31. The dean approved of the requirement that every student ______ a report on social investigation after summer vacation.
A. handed in B. hand in
C. must hand in D. ought to hand in
32. At first ______ it looked like a simple accident, but later the police found out it was strange.
A. look B. sight
C. watch D. vision
33. Not until the late 1870's ______ an outlet for her talents and sympathies in charitable work.
A. that Anna found B. when Anna found
C. when did Anna find D. did Anna find
34. One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the ______ of plastic containers.
A. disposal B. disposition
C. disappearance D. dissolution
35. ______ has been said before, the Moon, the Sun, and the visible planets were considered by earliest observers to be divine objects.
A. It B. What
C. All that D. As
III. Reading Comprehension (20%)
Directions: There are 2 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE you think is the best answer. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild—and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
36. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is expressed in the passage?
A. They probably had extensive knowledge of plants. B. They thought there was no need to cultivate crops.
C. They did not enjoy the study of botany. D. They placed great importance on the ownership of property.
37. What does the comment "this is logical" in line mean?
A. There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor's knowledge of plants. B. It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants.
C. It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors behaved very much like people in pre-industrial societies. D. Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed.
38. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of botany begun to fade?
A. People no longer value plants as a useful resource. B. Botany is not recognized as a special branch of science.
C. Research is unable to keep up with the increasing numbers of plants. D. Direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased.
39. In the second paragraph, what is the author's purpose in mentioning "a rose, an apple, or an orchid"?
A. To make the passage more poetic. B. To cite examples of plants that are attractive.
C. To give botanical examples that all readers will recognize. D. To illustrate the diversity of botanical life.
40. According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture?
A. The invention of agricultural implements and machinery. B. The development of a system of names for plants.
C. The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted. D. The changing diets of early humans.
Passage 2
A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are. It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine(碘), fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious(活跃的) than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable(稳定的). In the dry areas where the olive and the orange grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
41. ______ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.
A. The Importance of Geographical Environment B. The Influence of Geographical Environment on Man
C. Generalization of Types of People D. Geographical Environment, a Mysterious Subject
42. Using context clues we may infer that 'iodine, fluoride and calcium' are
A. substances which act positively or negatively on man's health B. harmful substances in the water supply
C. substances which help provide breeding places for pests D. substances contributory to good health
43. We may infer from the second paragraph that geography and climate play an important role in determining the inhabitants' ______.
A. health condition B. personality
C. life-span D. all of the above
44. According to the author, research into the influence of geography and climate should ______.
A. focus on some unknown aspects B. be pursued on a larger scale
C. be carried out within a larger scope D. go much deeper
45. The author hopes that studies on the influences of geographical environment will enable us to ______.
A. generalize better about types of people B. find better water supplies
C. gain an insight into its influences on mankind D. live to a ripe old age
IV. Error Identification
Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
46. A A number of foreign visitors B were taken to the industrial exhibition C which they D saw many new products.
47. A I would rather that they B do not travel during C the bad weather, but they insist D on returning home today.
48. A It is the interaction between people, rather than the events, C that are the main focus of D social psychology.
49. A A man cannot be really happy if B that he enjoys doing is ignored by society D as of no value or importance.
50. The more you discuss the subject A with newsmen, the more they make you wonder B if you are right to complain C of them D about the state of the media.
51. A Since any number of sounds B could be associated C with a particular meaning, the associations between sounds and meanings provide the key D to reconstruct the linguistic past.
52. If the A terms had been better, the borrower B would accept the bank's proposal C even though he disagreed D with some of the conditions.
53. A As inevitably as human culture has changed B with the C passing of time, so D does the environment.
54. The professor had already given the A homework assignment when he B had remembered that Monday C was D a holiday.
55. Today's A miracle drugs have not only B lengthened the life span of the average individual, they C have also enabled people who otherwise would be invalids D living normal life.
V. Translation (30%)
A. From English into Chinese
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (15%).
Hewlett-Packard Co. is a primary engine of the Information Age economy. In 1997, it sold $43 billion worth of desktop computers, printers and other products on the global market, and the company reached a value of almost $70 billion on Wall Street. That year, Hewlett-Packard paid $25 million in compensation to its chairman, president and chief executive officer, Lewis H. Platt, and his three deputies. Hewlett-Packard also compensate the men and women who clean the offices of Platt, his deputies and every one else. The company does not actually hire janitor, rather, it hires companies that hire janitors. Every year, Hewlett-Packard contracts with a variety of temporary employment agencies for the services of hundreds of broom-pushers and mop-wielders. These temporary employees are paid between $6.20 and $9.93 per hour, or roughly $15,000 a year.
(56) The disparity illustrates the slightly dirty little secret of the world's most amazing industry. As the Information Age economy booms, the gap between the nation's poorest and richest workers is widening and (57) this gap is occurring not in spite of the Information Age, but in part because of it.
(58) A survey of economists attributed a shocking 45 per cent of the widening wage gap nationwide to technology, with the remainder split between the erosion of the of the minimum wage (10 per cent), international trade (12 per cent), the decline in unionization (10 per cent), immigration (8 per cent) and other (15 per cent).
Adjusted for inflation, the incomes of the poorest fifth of working families droped by 21 per cent between 1979 and 1995, while the incomes of the richest fifth jumped by 30 per cent during the same period. (59) This gap has been growing, in good times as well as bad, although indications are that it's been leveling off in recent months. According to the 1997 Economic Report of the President, the wage gap "continued to widen through the 1980s, regardless of economic conditions."
(60) That the new economy may depend upon, and even promote, the worst aspects of the old economy is a growing worry. Technology's impact on wages has become a top concern of the White House's National Economic Council, said a White House official. There is a potentially polarizing impact of technology, and without some special national efforts, people are right to be concerned about this issue.
B. From Chinese into English (15%)
61、计算机是我们有过的使用最广泛的机器。
62、除非立即采取措施，否则附近水域将会被污染。
63、调查这件事情时，我们最好不要抱有成见。
64、如果没有电，许多工厂、如果不是所有的话，将会停止生产。
65、毕竟没有证据表明外层空间存在智慧生命。
VI. Writing (15%)
Directions: For this part you are required to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic:
The Importance of Education