厦门大学考博英语真题,考博英语试题

厦门大学 2011 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题（含参考答案与解析）

Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (15%)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center:
1. Which sport has the most expenses ________ training equipment, players' personal equipment and uniforms?
A. in place of   B. in terms of   C. by means of   D. by way of
2. All ________ is a steady supply of water to the farmland.
A. which needs   B. that is needed   C. the thing is needed   D. need
3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.
A. for which   B. to which   C. of which   D. in which
4. What he said just now had little to do with the question ________ discussion.
A. on   B. in   C. under   D. at
5. Much ________ her relief and joy, she heard that her son had come back safe and sound.
A. to   B. for   C. with   D. as
6. By the time you get to New York, I ________ for London.
A. would be leaving   B. am leaving   C. have already left   D. shall have left
7. The fire was finally brought under control; but not ________ extensive damage had been caused.
A. before   B. since   C. after   D. as
8. We hadn't met for twenty years, but I recognized her ________ I saw her.
A. the moment   B. for the moment   C. the moment when   D. at the moment when
9. The ________ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.
A. prospects   B. speculations   C. stakes   D. provisions
10. At 7 o'clock tomorrow evening, I ________ a walk in the neighborhood. So you won't find me at home then.
A. shall take   B. will take   C. shall be taking   D. am taking
11. Helen ________ into the river but that I caught her.
A. had fallen   B. would fall   C. fell   D. would have fallen
12. She ought not ________ him about the truth, but she did.
A. to tell   B. telling   C. to have told   D. having told
13. However, at times this balance in nature is ________, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled   B. disturbed   C. confused   D. puzzled
14. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ________?
A. does there   B. isn't there   C. hasn't there   D. isn't it
15. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable ________.
A. ability   B. future   C. possibility   D. opportunity
16. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that ________ lot.
A. valid   B. vain   C. vacant   D. vague
17. Each person's genetic code is unique except ________ identical twins.
A. in case of   B. in the case of   C. the point in case   D. a case of
18. It is useful to be able to predict the extent ________ which a price change will affect supply and demand.
A. from   B. with   C. to   D. for
19. He hoped the firm would ________ him to the Paris branch.
A. exchange   B. transmit   C. transfer   D. Remove
20. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won ________ and a scholarship.
A. faith   B. status   C. fame   D. courage
21. The association works to promote the ________ of retired people as active and useful members of the community.
A. action   B. aspect   C. location   D. status
22. Everyone should be ________ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.
A. attributed   B. entitled   C. identified   D. justified
23. I wish I ________ to the movies with you last night.
A. have gone   B. could go   C. could have gone   D. went
24. All flights ________ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
A. having canceled   B. were canceled   C. having been canceled   D. have been canceled
25. The ________ action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.
A. supreme   B. significant   C. prompt   D. vital
26. There seems to be no alternative but ________ the offer.
A. accept   B. to accept   C. accepting   D. having accepted
27. John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns by doing, and that teaching must ________ the curiosity and creativity of children.
A. seek   B. stimulate   C. shape   D. secure
28. If I had a car of my own, I ________ it to your sister yesterday.
A. will lend   B. would lend   C. should lend   D. would have lent
29. It is sometimes claimed that America is a ________ pot of different races.
A. burning   B. burnt   C. melting   D. melted
30. He had scarcely left the railway station ________ it started to rain.
A. than   B. then   C. when   D. Since
Part II. Reading Comprehension (40%)
Section A (30 points)
Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center:
#### Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into contact with them. Their values -- this can't be repeated too often -- are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car: it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison fight through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.
When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.
1. It is implied in Paragraph one that ________.
A. very old people enjoy living with their relatives
B. social services have nothing to do with very old people
C. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedom
D. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean
2. Some social workers think that ________.
A. health and safety are more important than personal freedom
B. personal freedom is more important than health and safety
C. old people should keep their rooms clean
D. one should not take risks of dealing with old people
3. In the author's opinion, ________.
A. the human body can't be compared to a car
B. the older a person, the more care he needs
C. too much emphasis has been put on old people's values
D. it is easy to provide spare parts for old people
4. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. the conclusion you have come to
C. whether age is happy or unpleasant
B. your talk to the old people
D. one's money or one's health
5. The author thinks that ________.
A. medical decisions for the old people should be left to the doctors
B. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich
C. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtful
D. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death
#### Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
The loudest outcry (呐喊) about poverty seemed to come in the wealthiest country -- by far-- in the world. According to most calculations, through most of the 1945-1970 period the United States had a standard of living well above Europe's and many times above the world average. Yet protests about grinding poverty, hunger, and dreadful need proceed more from the United States than from countries with one-fortieth of their living standard. (An annual per capita income of eight dollars is typical of much of Africa and Asia and not a little of South America.) It would seem strange to these people (were they only aware of the fact) that American radicals demand a retreat from an American commitment to the far corners of the globe so that the money thus saved can be spent raising the standard of living of underprivileged Americans.
What this last point suggests is not so much that human wants are never to be satisfied though this is doubtless true, and the American living in suburb deprived of his second car and his color TV suffers just as acutely as an African farmer in need of a second cow and a screen door. Rather, it suggests the extent of contemporary breach (违反) of social norms (标准) – the emancipation (解放) of the individual self. People have learned that their wants are sacred and rights ought to be satisfied. They have learned to consider any obstacle to personal fulfillment and intolerable insult. They have greatly expanded the circle of self awareness. They no longer accept sharp limitations on individual desires in the name of the group. The amount of potential human discontent has always been infinite -- misery, failure, misfitting, bitterness, hatred, envy beyond telling. It has usually failed of utterance, and in the past it was accepted passively as being beyond help.
6. According to the passage, most complaints over a poor living standard were made by those who came from ________.
A. the United States        C. the European Community
B. Asian countries         D. Commonwealth of Nations
7. The average income for each American a year during the 1960s was most likely in the neighborhood of ________.
A. 1,120 dollars   B. 40 dollars   C. 320 dollars   D. 80 dollars
8. In order to improve the standard of living of poor Americans, the extremists in the States demand ________.
A. a full tax relief on citizens living overseas
B. a stop to arms race against nations far away
C. a cut in financial assistance to poor countries
D. a favorable balance of trade with foreign countries
9. The real cause for the most fortunate people to protest about poverty lies in ________.
A. added consciousness of self   B. limitations of human nature
C. their economic status             D. conflict in class interests
10. From the last sentence, it can be safely inferred that outcry about poverty in effect involves peoples' ________.
A. ability to suffer a hard life
B. understanding of their rights
C. political attitude toward the government
D. whole outlook on different life styles
#### Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
The more time scientists spend designing computers the more they marvel at the human brain. Tasks that baffle (难住) the most advanced supercomputer -- recognizing a face, reading a handwritten note -- are child's play for the 3-pound organ. Most important, unlike any conventional computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brain's abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons.
Conventional computers function by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions. Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The processors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain. Since these artificial neurons are interconnected, they can share information and perform tasks at the same time. This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns.
Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine.
Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes. Until now most existed as software simulations (模拟品) because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money. By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes.
11. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the most advanced supercomputer ________.
A. can, recognize a face and read a handwritten note
B. can learn from its mistakes
C. weighs only 3 pounds
D. cannot distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells
12. What is NOT true of a conventional computer?
A. It must be programmed before it works.
B. It can only solve one problem at a time.
C. It is good at solving one problem at a time.
D. It is trained to recognize patterns instead of making decisions.
13. The main feature of a neural-network computer is that ________.
A. its processors act as an interconnected web of neurons
B. it is programmed to make decisions
C. its networks are of all shapes and sizes
D. its neurons are artificial
14. The expression "this two-dimensional approach" in the second paragraph refers to ________.
A. the conventional computer and the neural computer
B. making decisions and recognizing patterns
C. sharing information and performing tasks
D. the computer and the human brain
15. Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments because ________.
A. it can avoid redesigning computer chips
B. it can save a lot of time and money
C. it can avoid making mistakes
D. it is more like the human brain
Section B (10 points)
Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-E to fit into each of the numbered blank. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
#### Barbie Dolls
Flashy clothes, the perfect boyfriend, a Corvette, Ferrari, full size apartment with beautiful furniture and a boat. She's the woman who has everything and every year receives more. Since her introduction in 1959, the Barbie doll may be the most influential icon of American culture in the late twentieth century.
1. ________ She attracted little girls because of her adult-like features. Before this, children looked at toys like Yogi Bear, Howdy Doody, and baby dolls for inspiration. With the creation of Barbie, girls now had a new toy to stimulate their imaginations.
In the 1950s most women stayed at home, cooking, cleaning and caring for their children; they didn't parade around in tight little skirts and high heels. The Barbie doll represented independence and glamour: she could sing solos in the spotlight one minute and pilot an airplane the next. She was exciting and completely different from the clinging Betsy Westsys and Chatty Cathys that little girls were used to.
In Forever Barbie: the Unauthorized Biography of a Real Doll, M. G. Lord tells the story of Barbie's creators. Ruth Handler, the youngest often siblings (同胞), worked as a stenographer for Paramount Pictures as a young woman. Her husband Elliott designed light fixtures and studied art.
2. ________ The Handlers began the factory in their garage but quickly expanded until they had hired a hundred workers who made jewelry and decorative items. World War II shortages of labor soon put them out of business.
Despite their first failure, the Handlers didn't give up and, in 1945, they joined with Harold Matson, a former worker, and together the three started "Mattel Creations". Matson's last name along with Elliot's was fused together to form the name Mattel.
In 1946, Matson sold out his share. The Handlers were not discouraged, though, because of their strong belief in futuristic materials such as Plexiglas, Lucite and plastic. They continued looking for the perfect item to make their company a success. Little did they know that their persistence would lead them to establish a multi-million company initiated by the revolutionary Barbie doll.
Ruth Handler first encountered the model for Barbie in 1955 while vacationing in Switzerland with her family. The Lilli doll, a comic character from Germany, was usually found in tobacco stores as a three dimensional (三维的) pinup (挂在墙上的照片, 玩偶等). Ruth brought back two dolls, one for her daughter Barbara, and one for herself.
3. ________ Handler recalls: "Through their play Barbara imagined their lives as adults. They used the dolls to reflect the adult world around them. They would sit and carry on conversations, making the dolls real people. I thought if only we could take this play pattern and three dimensionalize it, we would have something very special."
Barbie debuted at the American Toy Fair in New York City in the winter of 1959. But in her unseasonable black-and-white striped swimsuit, the doll did not impress toy buyers. Even Sears, Mattel's biggest customer, refused to put the sexy doll on their shelves. Lord says it was Mattel's advertising strategy aimed at the children that finally paved the way for Barbie's success.
The 1950s was a big decade for child culture. Disneyland had opened in July of 1955, and Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse Club television series was a hit for children under the age of 12. Manufacturers and retailers had aimed toy advertising at parents in the past with the focus during Christmas season. But once children actually saw toys advertised on television, toys became a big business. Television advertisements with the child-as-a-consumer revolutionized the toy industry in the twentieth century.
Barbie was a fantasy. In a border city it was rare to encounter a white, blue-eyed person. "Maybe that's why I was so attracted to her." Most little girls couldn't wait to get their hands on Barbie because they had never encountered a doll with such an enormous wardrobe.
Angela Loya, an engineer and Barbie collector from Houston, idolized Barbie because of her independence. She said in an interview, "Barbie was designed for women by women. It taught us what was expected from us by society. She had it all.., the clothes, the boyfriend and whatever career she wanted. She was the symbol of post-war female independence."
4. ________ Lord quotes Ruth Handler as saying, "Pregnancy (怀孕) would never be part of Barbie's physique, because Barbie would not compromise her freedom. Just as she did not depend on parents, she would not have offspring dependent on her."
Barbie's sexy image also raised questions among both children and parents. Many parents still did not talk about sex to their children and naked baby dolls usually did not spark great interest. Barbie dolls changed this.
Some 700 million Barbie dolls have been sold since 1959 in over 140 countries. Yearly sales exceeded the $1 billion mark in 1993. Retail experts estimate that the typical American girl owns an average of eight Barbie dolls. And the doll has her Own Hall of Fame in Palo Alto, California, where a collection of over 20,000 Barbies awaits visitors.
5. ________ A child's imagination can take Barbie anywhere. She easily can be a doctor by simply converting her hot pink kitchen into an operating room. Tissue boxes and packing cartons make great furniture and apartment complexes. A child really doesn't need the fancy cars or doll houses to make her dreams come alive: all that is really needed is an imagination.
A. Barbie's biographer reminds us that she was not defined through relationships of responsibility to men or family.
B. Barbie, named after the Handlers' daughter, has become the quintessential American doll.
C. Barbie's success may be attributed to the focus on children as consumers for the first time.
D. A second contributing factor to the realization of this doll evolved from Ruth watching her daughter and friends play with paper dolls.
E. In 1937, they had moved from Colorado to California where they gambled their life savings on a plan to build Plexiglas furniture.
Part III. Short Answer Questions (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the "live now pay later" syndrome (综合症). Along with hire-purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. Of course, it is only the foolhardy who succumb (屈服) to the temptation to live, temporarily at least, beyond their means, and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.
Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 percent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest-free credit. Using the card abroad, where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account, can extend this period even further.
It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted; interest rates, which may vary slightly; the number and range of outlets, though most cards cover major garages, hotels, restaurants and department stores, and, of course, what happens if your card is lost or stolen. A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential goldmine particularly if there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card.
However, if used wisely, a credit card can cost nothing, or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
2. What can be the title for this passage?
3. What else do you mean by judicious purchasing using a card?
4. What happens if your card is lost or stolen?
5. What does the phrase "tide over" in the last paragraph mean?
Part IV. English-Chinese Translation (15%)
Directions: Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Scientists are searching for ways to destroy nuclear weapons in space -- to make nuclear weapons powerless and no longer useful. This has become known as "Star Wars".
(1). Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.
(2). Opponents of Star Wars are worried that such a system might introduce nuclear weapons into outer space, and might not completely protect the nation against attack. Some missiles might "leak through" the Star Wars defenses. Or the computers that run the system might not work properly. Such a defense system, they say, might also be used to attack others. And it might not stop the buildup of ground-based nuclear weapons.
Hopefully, a nuclear war will never begin. But, in such an event, could people really protect themselves? Supporters of Star Wars believe that laser weapons are the key to defense.
(3). But can laser beams be developed in such a way to destroy attacking missiles in space?
Lasers are not new. They have been around for over 25 years. They involve the following process:
(4). Atoms of certain substances are stimulated, or excited, by a burst of energy from outside. The excited atoms then produce waves of light. These light waves travel up and down a laser rod and excite, or stimulate, other atoms. When a particular energy level is reached, the laser rod produces a strong, narrow beam of radiation. Most lasers give off visible light, but they can be built to produce heat radiation or even X-ray radiation.
Because of the intensity and narrowness of their beams, lasers can be put to thousands of uses. Laser beams have been bounced off the moon. They can cut through diamond or steel. They are used by doctors for delicate surgery -- such as repairing damaged eyes. And lasers are also used as weapons.
(5). They can give artillery an accuracy as sharp as the point of a pin. They can also "blind" electronic systems in planes, tanks and ships. This means that those electronic systems can no longer effectively find and destroy their targets.
Part V. Writing (30 minutes) (20%)
Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic:
Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

厦门大学 2011 年博士研究生入学考试参考答案与解析
Part I Vocabulary and Structure
1. B 【译文】哪项运动在训练器械，玩家个人设备及制服方面花费最高？【精析】词组辨析题。in terms of 就…而言，在…方面；in place of 代替；by means of 凭借；by way of 用…方法
2. B 【译文】农场需要稳定的供水。【精析】all 是不定代词，不定代词的定语从句要用 that。C 定语从句，which 代 its problem。改变语序可变为...is not the least of its problem。
3. C 【译文】在澳大利亚中部沙漠地区生活会遇到一些问题，获得水源就是其中一个大问题。【精析】在这个定语从句中，which 不能直接做关系代词，前面要加介词，表示"在这些问题中"，of 表示所属关系，也就是"of the problems"，所以选 C。
4. C 【译文】刚说的和会议中讨论的问题没有任何关系。【精析】under discussion 是固定搭配，意思是"正在讨论中的"。
5. A 【译文】使她感到极度欣慰和快乐的是她听到她的儿子安全的回来了。【精析】来自于结构"使某人…的是…"：to one's + 情感名词（surprise/astonishment/shock, sadness/sorrow/grief/joy/happiness/delight/relief），此结构有两个变形："使某人非常…的是…"
6. D 【译文】你到纽约的时候，我已经动身前往伦敦了。【精析】将来完成时，表示在未来的某个时候。
7. A 【译文】火灾最终得到了控制，但还是造成了较大的损失。【精析】考察一个逻辑，由 but 一词可知，火势虽然控制了，但不是在造成损失之前就控制的，所以答案选 A。
8. A 【译文】虽然我们有二十年没见面了，但一看到她我还是认出了她。【精析】本题考查的是由 the moment 一…就引导的时间状语从句。
9. A 【译文】在加里佛利亚淘金的前景吸引了许多人去那儿定居。【精析】Prospects：前景；speculations：推测，投机；stakes：赌注，打赌；provision：供应，预备。因此答案选 A。
10. C 【译文】明天晚上 7 点，我将会在附近散步。所以那个时候在家里你是找不到我的。【精析】散步是将来某个时间在进行的事情，应该用将来进行时，因此答案选 C。
11. D 【译文】要不是我抓到她，海伦就掉进河里了。【精析】I caught her 是一个过去事实，因此"掉进河里"是跟过去相反的事实，相当于 If I hadn't caught her, she would have fallen into the river.
12. C 【译文】她理应告诉他真相的，但是她没有。【精析】ought not to have done = shouldn't have done
13. B 【译文】然而，自然界的平衡一旦被打破，将会导致一些不可预见的结果。【精析】troubled 带来麻烦；disturbed 破坏秩序；confused 迷惑的；puzzled 用问题难住。
14. B 【译文】零售数量增长很多，是吗？【精析】本句是 there be 句型的现在完成时，而 have/has 是完成时中的助动词，在反意疑问句中，把助动词提前。
15. A 【译文】他很快得到了提升，因为他的上司意识到他很能干。【精析】ability"能力"；future"未来"；possibility"可能性"；opportunity"机会"。
16. C 【译文】邻居家的男孩子们喜欢在那块空地上打篮球。【精析】根据句意，空白处应填入一个形容词修饰 lot，表示"空地"之意。因此，正确答案为选项 C。valid 意为"有效的"；vain 意为"徒劳的"；vague 意为"模糊的"。
17. B 【译文】每个人的基因都是独一无二的，除非发生同卵双胞胎这种情况。【精析】in case of "假设万一"；in the case of "在…的情况"；the point in case "没有这种用法"；a case of "一个…的例子"。
18. C 【译文】能够预计何种价格波动程度将会影响供需是很有帮助的。【精析】属于介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，这里是限制性定语从句；用 to 是与 extent 有关，to the extent 在某种程度上。
19. C 【译文】他希望公司能把他调到巴黎分部工作。【精析】本题主要区分 B，C 两项：A）exchange 交流，交换；B）transmit 传输，转送，传达，发射，传播；Glass transmits light. 玻璃透光。C）transfer（from…to）转移，调动，转让，改变，转学，换车；D）remove 移动，开除，移交，迁移，免职。
20. C 【译文】他写了一篇文章评论希腊诗人，为他赢得了名誉和奖学金。【精析】Faith 信任，信心；status 地位，身份；fame 声誉，名望；courage 勇气，胆量。
21. D 【译文】该协会致力于提升退休人员的地位，把他们当作社会中有活力有用的成员。【精析】Action：行动，行为；aspect：方向，面貌；location：位置，场所；status：地位，身份。
22. B 【译文】每一个人应该有生活得得体并获得教育机会的资格。【精析】entitle 表示"给…权利（或机会）"，符合句意。attribute 指"属于"；identify 指"识别"；justify 指"证明…是正当的"
23. C 【译文】昨晚我若能跟你一起去看电影就好了。【精析】这里用 could have done 表示本来能做什么，结果却没有做，所以更贴切句子意思。
24. B 【译文】因为暴雨，所有航班被取消，所以他们决定搭乘火车。【精析】本句有主语，they decided to take the train 有主语、谓语，成分完整，所以前面只能用从句或者非谓语结构（分词或者动词不定式），但是从句需要有关联词或者连接词引导，不过题目中没有关联词或者连接词，因此不能构成从句，只能考虑用分词或者动词不定式，这里有分词的选项，看 A、B 哪个正确，航班被取消，所以要用被动语态，所以 B 正确。
25. C 【译文】警察迅速的行动将人们从燃烧的房子里救出来。【精析】Supreme 最高的极度的；significant 相当数量的意义重大的；prompt 迅速的敏捷的；vital 至关重要的有活力的。
26. B 【译文】看来除了接受这个提议，别无选择了。【精析】no alternative but to do sth 意为"除了做某事外没有其它的办法"，but 后通常接带 to 不定式。
27. B 【译文】教学应能激起儿童的好奇心和创造力。【精析】Seek 寻找、探索；stimulate 刺激激励；shape 外形塑造、制作；secure 安全的、保卫。
28. D 【译文】如果我自己有车的话，昨天我就会借给你妹妹了。【精析】would+have+过去分词表示与过去事实相反。"昨天我就会借给你妹妹了"明显是与过去事实相反的。所以选 D。
29. C 【译文】有时有人主张美国是各种族的一个大熔炉。【精析】这里 pot 是一个物，应用动名词修饰物，所以答案选 C。
30. C 【译文】他一离开火车站就开始下雨了。【精析】固定搭配，Scarcely…when"一……就……"。
Part II Reading Comprehension
Section A
#### Passage One 【答案详解】
1. A 【精析】推理判断题。根据文章第 1 段最后几句"Some social workers, the ones ... health and safety of the old"可知，前面一句提出问题：坚持让老人与他们的亲人住在一起，这样他们就可以得到很好地照顾，这是否干扰个人自由呢？最后一句做出了解答：社会工作者认为，如果我们这样理解个人自由的话是很危险的，这样对老人的健康和安全也是一种危害。答案选 A。
2. A 【精析】也是最后一句，"Some social workers, the ones ... health and safety of the old"可知，答案选 A。
3. B 【精析】推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段第 2 句 The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older 可知，答案选 B。
4. C 【精析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一句 you are forced... ability to have fun "然而，当你和老人交流时，你不得不得出如下结论：老人过的是否快乐，与其说是取决于金钱和健康，还不如说是取决于寻找快乐的能力。"可知，答案选 C。
5. C 【精析】根据第 2 段第 5 句"is it moral right to try ...""本来就知道注定要死去，还借助药物来推迟死亡，这在道德上是正确的吗？"可看出作者对此提出了质疑，因此答案选 C。
#### Passage Two 【答案详解】
6. A 【精析】根据第一段第一句"the loudest...in the world""对贫穷抱怨的最凶的是世界上迄今为止最富有的国家"和文章后面的大意可知是美国。答案选 A。
7. C 【精析】根据"yet protest ... a little of South America)"这些国家的生活水平是美国的四十分之一，而这些国家的年平均收入为 8 美元，可知答案选 C。
8. C 【精析】根据第一段最后一句话"American radical demand a retreat ... so that money thus saved ..."可知一些激进主义者希望美国从对世界各地的承诺中撤资。所以答案选 C。
9. A 【精析】推理判断题。根据第二段"people have learned that ... circle of self awareness""他们极大的扩展了自我意识范围"，可知答案选 A。
10. B 【精析】推理判断题。最后一句提到在过去 outcry 是被动的接受了并且不能得到帮助，其中就隐含着现在情况已经和过去不一样的意思，并且根据全文中心主旨推断得知答案选 B。
#### Passage Three 【答案详解】
11. D 【精析】根据第一段第 4 句"Researchers have tried ... but without success""研究者花了多年时间来尝试让电脑模拟人脑的能力，但都没成功"，可知答案选 D。
12. D 【精析】第二段第 1 句提到"Conventional computers function...instruction"传统的电脑只能根据一系列的具体指令来运作。因此答案选 D。
13. A 【精析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第 4 句和第 5 句话可推理得出答案选 A。
14. C 【精析】根据第二段"they can share...at the same time"，可知答案选 C。
15. B 【精析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中"Until now most...avoid costly mistakes"可推测得出答案选 B。
Section B 【答案详解】
1. B 【精析】第一段芭比娃娃，并提到自从芭比被介绍给消费者以来，她有可能就是美国文化中最有影响力的一个偶像，在第二段主要是讲小孩子为什么喜欢芭比，因此 B 选项"芭比，是以汉德勒女儿的名字命名的，她已经成为美国最具代表性的娃娃"最合适。所以答案选 B。
2. E 【精析】文章从这段就开始按照时间顺序叙述汉德勒是怎样创造出芭比的，因此最佳选项为 E。
3. D 【精析】这段主要是讲汉德勒是怎样通过观看她女儿及其朋友们的游戏产生出创造芭比的，D 选项正是对这段的一个概括，因此答案选 D。
4. A 【精析】这段是说 Lord（芭比的传记作者）引用汉德勒的话说："因为芭比不会放弃自己的自由，所以她永远不会怀孕。就像她不会依赖父母一样，也不会有后代依赖她。"因此 A 选项"芭比的传记作者提醒我们她不是由与男人的关系及对家庭的责任来定义的"是正确答案。
5. C 【精析】上一段主要是讲芭比的成功，而这一段则是在讲小孩子的需求，因此 C 选项"芭比的成功也许可以归功于第一次将儿童作为消费者来关注。"是正确答案。
Part III Short Answer Questions 【参考答案】
1. Credit cards are more and more acceptable, but many people still have doubt about it, because it allowed people "live now pay later". 【精析】由第一段可以总结归纳出第一段的大意。
2. Credit Card 【精析】纵观全文，文章都是围绕信用卡这一中心展开，所以 Credit Card 最为贴切。
3. a. pay interests in time b. don't live beyond you means 【精析】题干问的是"你怎样理解明智使用信用卡？"答案可根据在第二和第三段段内容推断出。第二段后半段信用卡的月利息算下来可达到 25%，第三段说在使用信用卡的时候需要考虑信用卡额度及其利息。
4. Maybe I need to pay much money for things that were bought by others and I'll lose much money. 【精析】信用卡丢失或被偷之后会怎样了？此题答案在文章第三段最后两句，最后两句说，信用卡丢失后如果不及时挂失，那么小偷将会坐拥一个大金矿（意思是说，小偷会用消费你的信用卡，你买单）
5. It means overcome. 【精析】最后一段意思说，如果信用卡用得当，那么不仅不会让你损失什么，而且在你财政困难的时候帮助你渡过难关。
Part IV English—Chinese Translation 参考答案
(1) 【译文】星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一个国家不受核攻击，也希望它成为阻止核战争发生的有力保障。
(2) 【译文】反对星球大战计划的人则担心这样的防御系统会把核武器引向外太空，并且可能不能完全保护国家不受核袭击。
(3) 【译文】但是能否以这样的方法改进激光，让其可以在太空中摧毁进攻的导弹呢？
(4) 【译文】某些物质的原子被外来的一股能量刺激或激活，然后被激活的原子产生光波。
(5) 【译文】他们可以让大炮瞄准精确到一个针点，也可以让飞机，坦克，船的电子系统"失明"。