中国矿业大学（徐州）考博英语真题,考博英语试题

中国矿业大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

PART I. CLOZE TEST (10 points)
Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked a, b, c or d for each blank in the passage. Write your answer letter on your Answer Sheet.
Chad performs his 24-foot aluminum boat past young willow trees that stick out of the waters of the Mississippi River. Sunshine dances off maples, their branches heavy with (____1____) spring leaves. But a (____2____) inspection discloses trouble behind the beautiful sight. Rubbish is (____3____) in a log jam and hangs from the trees’ branches.
For the next three hours Chad and his team pull plastic bags, tanks, bottles and even bowling pins out of the water. Then they (____4____) for a picnic table caught in the trees.
The Mississippi River Beautification & Restoration Project began in 1997 (____5____) Chad’s one-man effort to pick up rubbish along a 400-mile stretch of the 2340-mile river started. That year, often working (____6____), the 22-year-old cleaned 150 miles of shoreline.
At first the project appeared impossible and useless. But Chad tried his best to find supporters, and with their supporting, he soon had a new (____7____) and a five-man team—the Boom Crane Crew. Last year alone the crew pulled from the water 44051 gallon drums, 1104 tyres and enough plastic bags to cover a football field. Much of the waste will be (____8____).
“Chad’s operation is the only one (____9____) in progress on the river,” says Mark of the Mississippi River Basin Alliance, a (____10____) of environmental groups. “It’s the biggest I’ve ever seen in 20 years, and he is inspiring others to do the same.”
1.    A. ripe    B. brown    C. falling    D. fresh
2.    A. slower    B. quicker    C. closer    D. stricter
3.    A. placed    B. piled    C. trapped    D. thrown
4.    A. come    B. give    C. head    D. arrive
5.    A. when    B. by    C. for    D. as
6.    A. alone    B. hard    C. quietly    D. happily
7.    A. car    B. boat    C. plan    D. crew
8.    A. burned    B. buried    C. used    D. recycled
9.    A. eagerly    B. actually    C. strongly    D. generally
10.    A. lab    B. market    C. union    D. meeting
PART II ENGLISH STRUCTURE AND USAGE (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Write the letter for your choice on the Answer Sheet.
11. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There    B. This    C. That    D. It
12. Is this the TV set which you wish ______?
A. to have it repaired    B. to repair it    C. to have repaired    D. will be repair
13. The boy dived into the water and after ______ seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
A. what    B. that    C. it    D. which
14. It was not ______ she took off her glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that    B. until; that    C. until; when    D. when; then
15. The patient’s progress was encouraging, as he could ______ get out of bed without help.
A. only    B. nearly    C. hardly    D. badly
16. She was rich, ______ I was not.
A. that    B. what    C. which    D. who
17. A person with his head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer, ______ mind is not in the real world.
A. which    B. that    C. whose    D. of whom
18. It’s quite obvious that the aging population in China will cause ______ heavy pressure on ______ whole society in the future.
A. a; a    B. the; /    C. a; the    D. /; the
19. We had thought the exam would be difficult, but it ______ easy.
A. turned    B. came    C. appeared    D. proved
20. She wondered ______ she could have the opportunity to spend ______ here ______ she could learn more about the city.
A. if; some time; so that    B. how; sometime; so that    C. when; some times; so that    D. if; some time; such that
21. We have just located a ______ avenue for the sale of your goods.
A. prospective    B. perspective    C. respective    D. protective
22. Knead the dough until it is smooth and ______.
A. flexible    B. loose    C. elastic    D. resourceful
23. The reality does not always ______ to one’s expectations.
A. contribute    B. add    C. amount    D. correspond
24. Driving very fast on a rainy night is not ______ with safety.
A. persistent    B. consistent    C. insistent    D. existent
25. This book is the ______ of some 20 years of scientific research.
A. participation    B. tolerance    C. alliance    D. outcome
PART III. READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)
In this section there are 4 reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages, choose the best answer among the four for each question and then write your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage One
Absolutely one of the finest buys on the market. Spacious home with large living room, separate 15-foot dining room with crystal chandelier and built-in buffet, paneled family room with fireplace, huge kitchen with lots of cabinets, big cheery breakfast room, 2.5 baths, 4 huge bedrooms (one is separate and could be a playroom or offers complete privacy with separate entrance for guests). There is a covered patio and landscaped yard. Better than new with draperies and new air compressor. $160, 000. Call Lane Hitcher (home) 926-6043.
26. What room in the above advertisement is described as having several possible uses?
A. the dining room    B. the family room    C. one bedroom    D. the playroom
27. Which room is described in the most detail?
A. the living room    B. the dining room    C. the family room    D. the kitchen
28. What detail is emphasized in the description of most rooms?
A. cheerfulness    B. built-ins    C. type of chandeliers    D. size
29. One feature of the house that is not mentioned is ______.
A. the draperies    B. the walk-in closet in the bedroom    C. the landscaped yard    D. paneling in the family room
30. The “buffet” mentioned in the description is ______.
A. a light fixture    B. a large meal    C. a bookcase    D. a serving table for food
Passage Two
The artist of the Renaissance was an all-round man. From his studio one could order a painting for the church altar, a carved wedding chest, a silver ewer, or a crucifix. The master of the workshop might be sculpturing a Venus for the duke’s garden while his apprentices were roughing statues for the new chapel. Many of the well-known painters of that golden period were goldsmiths, workers in glass, enamel or iron. The engineer was artist and the artist was engineer. The great Leonardo, famous today as the painter of The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, was perhaps equally well known in the 16th century for his engineering projects and his scientific experiments. Our own Thomas A. Edison pronounced him the greatest inventive genius of his time.
31. An important century in the Renaissance was ______.
A. the twelfth    B. the eighteenth    C. the fourteenth    D. the sixteenth
32. When we want to say that a man could do many things, we say he is ______.
A. an artist-engineer    B. a painter    C. equally well-known    D. an all-round man
33. The word for helper in this passage is ______.
A. master    B. worker    C. apprentice    D. goldsmith
34. The painter of the Last Supper was ______.
A. Mona Lisa    B. a duke    C. Leonardo    D. Thomas Edison
35. A word for inventive is ______.
A. creative    B. scientific    C. engineer    D. genius
Passage Three
The Aleuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands, and the Alaskan Peninsula, have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missionary Ivan Veniaminov selected appropriate characters of the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, recorded the main body of Aleut vocabulary, and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost destroyed. The brutal killing of the majority of an adult generation was sufficient to destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a passionate devotion to their language as their only cultural heritage.
The Russian occupation placed a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they compelled to learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of reading and writing their own tongue. In 1867, when the United States purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to break sharply with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages.
To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital, as did Russian, the language in which one conversed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education as a device to withdraw them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor rebirth of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counteract the influence of the schoolroom. The harsh life of the Russian colonial rule began to appear more happy and beautiful in retrospect.
Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity. The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut linked the two tongues so closely that every restriction against teaching Russian was interpreted as an attempt to eradicate the Aleut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears that American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were secretly reading and writing their own tongue or even had a written language of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letters was Russian and something to be stamped out. Bitterness bred by abuses and the exploitations the Aleuts suffered from predatory American traders and adventurers kept alive the Aleut resentment against the language spoken by Americans.
36. The author is primarily concerned with describing ______.
A. American government’s attempts to persuade the Aleuts to use English as a second language.    B. the Aleut’s loyalty to their language and the Americans’ failure to understand it.    C. how the Russian occupation of Alaska created a written language for the Aleuts.    D. the treatment of Alaskan inhabitants by Russians and the U.S. before and after 1867.
37. According to the passage, which of the following was the most important reason for the Aleuts’ devotion to their language?
A. The invention of a written version of their language.    B. The destruction of their oral transmission of tribal knowledge.    C. The introduction of Old Slavonic for worship.    D. Their devotion to the Russian Orthodox Church.
38. One reason for the Aleuts’ resentment towards the Americans is ______.
A. their prohibition of writing and reading Russian.    B. the American invasion of the Alaskan Peninsula.    C. their mass killing of the natives of the Aleutian Chain.    D. the religious conflicts between Americans and the Aleuts.
39. Which of the following is NOT one of the “three languages” mentioned at the end of Paragraph Two?
A. Russian.    B. Old Slavonic.    C. The Aleut tongue.    D. The language taught at school since 1867.
40. Which language was needed with the Russian Orthodox Church?
A. English.    B. Cyrillic.    C. Aleut.    D. Slavonic.
41. The passage shows that it is sometimes difficult to identify the differences between ______.
A. Russian and Aleut.    B. British English and American English.    C. Russian colonial rules and the American regulations.    D. the Americans and Aleuts in terms of religions beliefs.
42. The passage is developed primarily by ______.
A. testing the evidence supporting a theory.    B. weighing the pros and cons of a plan.    C. debating about a moral issue.    D. describing causes and effects of events.
Passage Four
Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred themselves as Gypsies.
In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery it wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.
But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own - unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two feet stand.”
43. Gypsies are united only when they ______.
A. are engaged in traditional crafts.    B. call themselves Roma.    C. live under a clan system.    D. face external threats.
44. In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. the Egyptians.    B. the state.    C. the church.    D. the Nazis.
45. According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of ______.
A. language.    B. culture.    C. identity.    D. custom.
PART IV ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION (20 points)
Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.
After I gave a talk on the subject of happiness, a woman in the audience stood up and said, “I wish my husband had come.” “Much as I loved him,” she explained, “it wasn’t easy being married to someone so unhappy.” This woman enabled me to put into words what I had been searching for—altruistic, as well as the personal, reasons for taking happiness seriously. I told her that each of us owes it to our spouse, our children, our friends to be as happy as we can.
I was not a particularly happy child, and like most teenagers, I took pleasure in my anguish. One day, however, it occurred to me that I was taking the easy way out. Anyone could be unhappy; it took no courage and effort. True achievement lay in struggling to be happy. The notion that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. We assume it’s a feeling that comes as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control. But the opposite is true: happiness is largely under our control. It is a battle to be fought and not a feeling to be awaited. To achieve a happy life, it’s necessary to overcome some stumbling blocks.
We all know people who have had a relatively easy life are essentially unhappy. And we know people who have suffered a great deal but generally remain happy. The first secret is gratitude. All happy people are grateful. Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to complain, but it’s truer to say that complaining leads to people becoming unhappy.
PART V CHINESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION (10 points)
Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.
不管办不办奥运会，保护环境是任何国家都不能忽视的问题。只是目前北京市政府要完成的硬件建设那么多，要想按时完成这些项目，同时还解决污染问题是困难的。
要改变人们几千年的坏习惯是需要时间的。其实早在这次申办奥运会之前，为了改善人民的健康，使我们的国家更干净，更适合人们居住，政府就搞了好几次卫生与健康运动。这些运动的成绩决不能低估。中国的生活方式比过去健康多了，所以我完全有理由对这件事抱乐观态度。
PART VI. WRITING (15 points)
Write a composition of 150 words on the topic given below.
Should laws exist about what can be said or done over the internet?