中央美术学院考博英语真题,考博英语试题

中央美术学院2012年博士招生英语试卷（实践类）

考试科目：英语考试时间：180分钟考生姓名：__________ 考生考号：__________

Part I Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (50 分)
Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
What could be more frightening than a burst of lightning on a summer afternoon? The sky goes dark, the air goes cold. Then, out of nowhere there is a burst of blinding light and a deafening roar, and the world is completely covered in water. No wonder ancient man thought that lightning was the work of the gods.
Modern scientists are still very impressed. “It’s the most scaring and most spectacular thing I know,” says Martin Uman, professor of electrical engineering at the University of Florida and author of several books on lightning.
The bolts (闪电) that cut through the air are really channels for electrical energy. They measure about 2 inches across. Their length may be as short as 70 metres or as long as 20 kilometres. They speed through the air nearly half the speed of light. This is so fast that we cannot see that the bolt actually travels from the ground up to the clouds. In that short instant, the electricity heats the air around it up to five times the temperature of the surface of the sun.
Although three-quarters of the bolt’s energy is used up in heat, enough remains to deliver a full 125 million volts (伏特) of electricity. If it hits a tree, the blast instantly boils the sap (树液) so strongly that the tree explodes. Lightning has sometimes made huge holes in the ground and cut huge rocks into two.
Although one hundred lightning bolts shake the earth every second—that’s 8 million a day—no one has found a way to use all this electricity.
Lightning has many disadvantages. It starts millions of forest fires and destroys property worth million of dollars every year. It is the major reason for electricity failures. But its biggest threat is to human life. Lightning kills many people by stopping their heart or breathing with its electric hammer.
1. Why did early man think lightning come from the gods?
A. Because he was frightened.    B. Because it brought light.    C. Because it brought water to the ground.    D. Because it bursted suddenly in the sky.
2. In what way does the bolt travel?
A. In all directions.    B. From the sky to the ground.    C. From the ground to the sky.    D. Across the sky.
3. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?
A. Lightning kills large numbers of people every year.    B. Lightning is the cause of million of forest fires.    C. Lightning causes million of dollars’ worth of damage every year.    D. Lightning helps to produce certain nitrogen compounds.
4. Why can’t we make use of lightning?
A. Because most of the energy from lightning is consumed in heating the air around it.    B. Because the duration of lightning is too short.    C. Because it is too dangerous to store its energy.    D. Because we have not found any efficient way to collect its energy.
5. What’s the temperature of the air heated by lightning?
A. It’s as hot as the surface of the sun.    B. It’s hotter than the surface of the sun.    C. It’s not so hot as the surface of the sun.    D. It’s sometimes hotter than the surface of the sun.
Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Everyone experiences fear during major crisis—such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they flying in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their anxiety by telling tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control one’s fears—to master anxiety.
A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.
Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.
Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.
6. To make someone the butt of jokes means
A. to force someone to enjoy jokes    B. to entitle someone to tell jokes    C. to offend someone by jokes    D. to make someone become the object of jokes
7. What is the positive purpose of people’s telling jokes?
A. To disguise their anxiety.    B. To attack others.    C. To control one’s own fears.    D. To show one’s sense of humor.
8. To master anxiety means __________.
A. to conquer the feeling of nervousness    B. to hold back the feeling of uneasiness    C. to be familiar with tension    D. to be good at the subject of anxiety
9. According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling of fear?
A. Early childhood experiences.    B. The general sense of security.    C. The fear of heights.    D. A feeling of no control.
10. According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering one’s fears?
A. To be conscious of the way of mastering fears.    B. To admit the feeling of fears.    C. To control one’s feelings.    D. To repress the rising feeling of fear.
Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Nutritional (营养的) status affects children’s behavior. Well-nourished children are more alert and attentive and are better able to benefit from physical activity and learning experience. Poorly-nourished children may be quiet and withdrawn, or too active during class activities. Fat children also face many problems. They are often slow the less able to participate in physical activity. They may suffer from added ridicule and emotional stress by being excluded from playmates.
Children’s resistance to infection and illness is also definitely influenced by their nutritional status. Children who are well nourished are less likely to become ill; they also recover more quickly when they are sick. Poorly-nourished children are more sensitive to infections and illness. Illness also increases the need for some nutrients. (营养物质) Thus poor nutrition creates a cycle of illness, poorer nutritional status, and lowered resistance to illness.
Malnutrition is a serious problem for many young children but it is not always associated with poverty or a deprived environment. Children of middle and upper income families may also be malnourished because of unwise food selections. Malnutrition occurs when there is prolonged imbalance between the nutrients that are required and the nutrients that are actually eaten. Malnutrition may be the result of undernutrition or overnutrition.
It is important that both of these conditions be avoided in young child. An adequate intake of all required nutrients is most critical during early periods of growth and development. Also, the effects of nutritional deficiency on physical development during certain stages of early childhood cannot always be reversed with improved dietary intake.
11. Well-nourished children tend to do all the following but __________.
A. be attentive while learning    B. be too active in class    C. benefit from physical activity    D. behave very properly
12. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. Children’s resistance to illness is directly proportional to their poor nutritional status.    B. The well-nourished tend to recover quickly when they are ill.    C. The poorly-nourished are most likely to be the victims of any infectious disease.    D. The ‘cycle’ indicates that illness can turn the poor nutritional condition for the worse.
13. Malnutrition may be caused by __________.
A. a deprived environment    B. unwise food selections    C. undernutrition    D. all of the above
14. It is implied in the passage that __________.
A. over nutrition is even more harmful than undernutrition    B. malnutrition has serious effects on child’s physical development    C. the nutritional condition of young child deserves more concern than that of adult    D. the nutrients intake can be improved as the child grows up
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The difference between well and poorly-nourished children.    B. The effects of nutrition on children.    C. The cause of malnutrition.    D. The importance of balanced dietary intake.
Passage 4: Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.
Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M. B. A., and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.
Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $ 24,000, while the full professors managed to earn just $ 23,030.
A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph. D. s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world.
If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.
Thousands of Ph. D. s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on tables, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the doorkeeper earns.
You can equate the level of education only with the level of income only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
16. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who ______.
A. will not be a disgrace to society    B. will become loyal citizens    C. can take care of themselves    D. can meet the nation’s demands as a source of manpower
17. Many Ph. D. s are out of a job because ______.
A. they are improperly educated    B. they are of little commercial value to their society    C. there are fewer jobs in high schools    D. they prefer easier jobs that make more money
18. The nation is only interested in people ______.
A. with diplomas    B. who specialize in physics and chemistry    C. who are valuable to the gross national product    D. both A and C
19. Which of the following is Not true?
A. Bernard Shaw didn’t finish high school, nor did Edison.    B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.    C. The higher your education level, the more money you’ll earn.    D. If you are too well-educated, you’ll be over-educated for society’s demands.
20. The writer sees education as ______.
A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country’s demands for technical workers    B. a way to broaden one’s horizons    C. more important than finding a job    D. an opportunity that everyone should have
Passage 5: Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
It is crucial to develop a powerful strategy throughout the job search process that involves three main components: a solid resume format based on your achievements, a dynamic resume cover letter that grabs an employer’s attention, and a consistent strategy that binds everything together.
First Impression Resume Services offer personally designed resume and cover letter strategies and interview training by a Certified Professional Resume Writer and Certified Employment Interview Professional. Resume samples are featured in “Expert Resumes for Computer and Web Jobs”, “Expert Resumes for Teachers and Educators,” and the upcoming “Expert Resumes for Manufacturing Industry Professionals” by Wendy S. Enelow and Louise M. Kursmark, published by JIST Works.
After completing an in-depth interview, your resume format is developed to focus on your career goals, not only on your past job experience. Accomplishments, keywords, and strategic placement of critical information form a dynamic and successful blueprint for your job search (Tip: Search for job-related keywords (nouns) in classified ads in the newspaper or online at job boards). By knowing the right questions to ask, First Impression can help you look ahead and uncover pertinent (相关的) information you may have overlooked.
We ascribe to a professional Code of Ethics and guarantee prompt, courteous, professional, and ethical services. First Impression offers professional resume writing help, job readiness, and personal support to adults who are in need.
21. A good resume design must include __________.
A) achievements, cover letter and a consistent strategy    B) a solid resume format, grabs an employer’s attention; binds everything together    C) format design, cover design and consistence consideration    D) none of the above
22. It was most probably that First Impression Resume Services was __________.
A) an office that interviews people who are looking for a job    B) an office that gives advice to job-hunting people on how to succeed in getting employed    C) an office that interviews people who are looking for a job    D) an office that gives advice to young people who want to start a profession
23. What does the office offer?
A) A variety of resume samples.    B) Interview training.    C) Personally designed resumes and cover letter strategies.    D) All of the above.
24. From the context, we can guess that the word “tip” (in paragraph 3) probably means __________.
A) extremity    B) point    C) premium    D) advice
25. The office guarantees that __________.
A) they will give their services on the basis of the Code of Ethics    B) they will give perfect services    C) they will offer professional help to all kinds of people    D) all of the above
Part II Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (15 分)
26. Vicky has been sad recently, for her plan to go to college ______ at the last moment.
a. fell out    b. fell behind    c. fell in    d. fell through
27. Tom was highly ______ teacher who took his duties seriously but he had neither the personality nor ability to achieve much success.
a. conscientious    b. efficient    c. capable    d. talented
28. It wasn’t such a good dinner ______ she had promised.
a. what    b. that    c. which    d. as
29. Mark often attempts to escape ______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
a. having been fined    b. to be fined    c. to have been fined    d. being fined
30. As a result of the strike, the Government is urging people to be ______ with electricity.
a. economic    b. economical    c. economy    d. economics
31. We would just as soon stay at home ______ go for a walk.
a. than    b. but    c. as    d. so
32. His few personal belongings made it possible for him to move from place to place ______.
a. in ease    b. with ease    c. at ease    d. with easiness
33. I ______ that he was a little crippled in the leg so I slowed down my pace.
a. perceived    b. deceived    c. conceived    d. received
34. All students ______ a loud laugh when Professor Henry Ford told them the joke.
a. let off    b. let down    c. let out    d. let up
35. How can you avoid mistakes when you are in such a ______?
a. haste    b. hurry    c. speed    d. dash
36. In our great socialist country, millions of ordinary men and women are working selflessly to ______ poverty and backwardness.
a. figure out    b. wipe out    c. carry out    d. take out
37. I bumped my head on the doorpost and now a ______ has come up.
a. knob    b. lump    c. pimple    d. bubble
38. The worker invented a(n) ______ for catching flies.
a. equipment    b. tool    c. device    d. apparatus
39. Too much ______ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
a. disclosure    b. exhibition    c. contact    d. exposure
40. Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, ______.
a. differs only in degree    b. only in degree it differs    c. it only differs in degree    d. differing only in degree
41. When you ask me about Cynthia, what were you ______?
a. meaning for    b. driving at    c. intending for    d. intending to
42. Only once in a while ______ a novel like that.
a. the lover of books comes about    b. the lover of books comes across    c. does the lover of books come across    d. does the lover of books come about
43. You have the ______ of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful.
a. selection    b. choice    c. alternative    d. option
44. Many American women are making ______ themselves in the business world.
a. a name of    b. a name for    c. a name with    d. a name out of
45. In spite of your living so far away we both hope very much ______.
a. your coming    b. you to come    c. that you come    d. that you will come
46. ______ occasional differences of opinion, Ron and Paul get along very well.
a. Except for    b. Out of    c. In spite of    d. In addition to
47. His stomach began to ______ because of the bad food he had eaten.
a. pain    b. harm    c. be hurt    d. ache
48. When you are at college, you should not ______ your study.
a. get a big kick in    b. fool around with    c. set aside    d. draw on
49. He was so poor that he had ______ than one hundred dollars.
a. no less    b. not less    c. no more    d. not more
50. ______, the old professor is still working hard in his lab day and night.
a. As old he is    b. Old as he is    c. However he is old    d. Though old is he
51. When I make a promise, I always ______ it.
a. keep    b. hold    c. catch    d. carry
52. The girl was ______ Julia after her grandmother.
a. appointed    b. named    c. nominated    d. elected
53. Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they ______ radiation better.
a. stand up to    b. stand in for    c. stand up for    d. stand in with
54. I know Jam quite well and never doubt ______ he can do a good job of it.
a. whether    b. when    c. that    d. what
55. He knows little of mathematics, ______ of physics.
a. as well as    b. no less than    c. and still less    d. and still little
Part III Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（10 分）
The American Civil War was a four – year armed _56_ between northern and southern sections of the United States. The fighting began on April 12, 1861, and _57_ until May 1865.
For a long time _58_ the Civil War, the North and South had _59_ each other on many issues. Most people in the _60_ wanted to abolish slavery, or at least to stop its spread to new states, _61_ the slave owners of the South held that _62_ should be allowed everywhere.
Another issue that divided the North and South was a _63_ one. The North believed in a strong central government, _64_, the federal government should have more power than the state governments. Most southerners, _65_, regarded the nation as a union of separate and more or less _66_ states. They held that a state had the right to _67_ or “secede” from the Union when it felt its interests to be threatened.
In November, 1860, Abraham Lincoln was _68_ the 16th President of the United States. Since Lincoln had become well-known _69_ the country for his anti-slavery views, his election caused a panic among the _70_ in the South. One month later, South Carolina seceded from _71_. By February 1, 1861, six other states — Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas — had taken _72_ steps.
President Lincoln knew that if these _73_ states were allowed to leave the Union, it would soon _74_. So shortly after he had taken office, it was decided by his cabinet that the Union was to be preserved _75_.
56. A) conflict    B) quarrel    C) battle    D) struggle
57. A) established    B) preserved    C) founded    D) lasted
58. A) after    B) before    C) until    D) to
59. A) disagreed with    B) agreed to    C) agreed with    D) disagreed to
60. A) North    B) South    C) Civil War    D) Country
61. A) as    B) so    C) and    D) while
62. A) freedom    B) slavery    C) plantation    D) revolution
63. A) political    B) economical    C) educational    D) artificial
64. A) so to say    B) however    C) that is    D) for example
65. A) as a result    B) however    C) yet    D) in spite
66. A) dependent    B) independent    C) complete    D) incomplete
67. A) succeed    B) erect    C) establish    D) withdraw
68. A) elected    B) selected    C) chosen    D) appointed
69. A) for    B) throughout    C) among    D) during
70. A) labor party    B) factory owners    C) slave owners    D) presidents
71. A) the Union    B) the North    C) the South    D) the State
72. A) alike    B) likely    C) similar    D) related
73. A) six    B) two    C) five    D) seven
74. A) get together    B) burst into    C) break out    D) break up
75. A) by force    B) by persuading    C) by talking    D) by education
Part IV Translation (10 分)
Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and translate it into Chinese.（10 分）
76. Upon learning of this cultural preference, Hallmark reacted quickly. Even though Chinese and Japanese descendants of Romeo and Juliet are now able to buy greeting cards in their native language, Hallmark has made sure the supply of greeting cards in English is plentiful. Thus, their customers can achieve both a display of their hip cosmopolitan flair, while also sending their sweetie that all-important message of love at the same time.
77. English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a “language for communication”, a medium that is given substance with the different national, regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it. English itself does not carry such identities, and it is not a “language for identification”. And because of the variety of functional uses of global English, English has also a great potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers must always work out a common behavioural and intercultural basis.
Part IV Writing (15 分):
Directions: Write a short essay (around 200 words) expressing your idea about GOOD MANNERS in 3 paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its ideas in completing the paragraph.
1. Good manners mean good behavior in social intercourse
2. A selfish man can never possess good manners.
3. Then how to learn good manners?
Good Manners
2012年博士招生英语试卷答题纸（实践类）
考试科目：英语    考试时间：180分钟    考生姓名：__________    考生考号：__________
要求：所有的选择题要求把所选答案涂黑。如果要改正，请在选错的答案上划×，而后再涂黑想选的答案。翻译和写作题请用黑色或蓝色的笔书写。
Part I Reading Comprehension (50 分，每题 2 分)
1. A B C D      2. A B C D      3. A B C D      4. A B C D      5. A B C D
6. A B C D      7. A B C D      8. A B C D      9. A B C D      10. A B C D
11. A B C D     12. A B C D     13. A B C D     14. A B C D     15. A B C D
16. A B C D     17. A B C D     18. A B C D     19. A B C D     20. A B C D
21. A B C D     22. A B C D     23. A B C D     24. A B C D     25. A B C D
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 分，每题 0.5 分)
26.A B C D    27.A B C D    28.A B C D    29.A B C D    30.A B C D
31.A B C D    32.A B C D    33.A B C D    34.A B C D    35.A B C D
36.A B C D    37.A B C D    38.A B C D    39.A B C D    40.A B C D
41.A B C D    42.A B C D    43.A B C D    44.A B C D    45.A B C D
46.A B C D    47.A B C D    48.A B C D    49.A B C D    50.A B C D
51.A B C D    52.A B C D    53.A B C D    54.A B C D    55.A B C D
Part III Cloze (10 分)
56.A B C D    57.A B C D    58.A B C D    59.A B C D    60.A B C D
61.A B C D    62.A B C D    63.A B C D    64.A B C D    65.A B C D
66.A B C D    67.A B C D    68.A B C D    69.A B C D    70.A B C D
71.A B C D    72.A B C D    73.A B C D    74.A B C D    75.A B C D
Part IV Translation (10 分)    76. ____________    77. ____________