2026 年安徽大学考博真题 样题
考博资源>>安徽大学考博专区: 历年真题、试题答案详解下载
一、词汇部分(10%)
题目 1
Since there was no place to take shelter, we got ______ in the sudden downpour in no time.
A) stained B) soaked C) sprayed D) sticky
答案:B
解析:本题考查形容词词义辨析,需结合语境 “突遇暴雨且无遮挡” 判断语义。A 选项 “stained” 意为 “被玷污的”,侧重因污渍留下痕迹,与 “雨水” 搭配不当;B 选项 “soaked” 意为 “湿透的”,精准对应 “暴雨中无遮挡导致全身湿透” 的场景,符合逻辑;C 选项 “sprayed” 意为 “被喷洒的”,强调液体呈喷雾状散落,不符合 “暴雨淋透” 的状态;D 选项 “sticky” 意为 “黏腻的”,多形容物体表面黏性,与语境无关。综上,选 B。
题目 2
During their first teaching training year, the students often visited local school for the ______ of lessons.
A) observation B) investigation C) inspection D) examination
答案:A
解析:本题考查名词词义辨析,核心是区分 “教学培训场景下的行为目的”。A 选项 “observation” 意为 “观察”,侧重通过观看获取经验,符合 “实习教师参观学校、观察课堂” 的语境;B 选项 “investigation” 意为 “调查”,多用于对问题、事件的深入探究,如 “调查教学问题”,与 “正常听课学习” 不符;C 选项 “inspection” 意为 “检查、视察”,主语多为上级部门(如教育部门检查学校),而非实习学生;D 选项 “examination” 意为 “考试、检测”,侧重对知识或能力的考核,与 “参观课堂” 无关。综上,选 A。
题目 3
In my eyes, the old generation is always ______.
A) economic B) costly C) expensive D) thrifty
答案:D
解析:本题考查形容词词义及情感色彩辨析。A 选项 “economic” 意为 “经济的、节省成本的”,多形容 “经济政策、经济活动”,不用于形容人;B 选项 “costly” 和 C 选项 “expensive” 均意为 “昂贵的”,前者侧重 “代价高”,后者侧重 “价格高”,均为贬义词或中性描述,与 “老一辈” 的正面特质不符;D 选项 “thrifty” 意为 “节俭的”,是描述老一辈生活习惯的常用正面词汇,符合语境。综上,选 D。
题目 4
Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still ______, the case must be retried.
A) present B) skeptical C) surprised D) hungry
答案:B
解析:本题考查形容词词义与法律场景匹配。A 选项 “present” 意为 “在场的”,“陪审员在场” 是庭审基本条件,与 “案件需重审” 无逻辑关联;B 选项 “skeptical” 意为 “怀疑的”,根据法律常识,陪审团需达成一致意见才能判决,若有陪审员对证据存疑,案件需重审,符合逻辑;C 选项 “surprised” 意为 “惊讶的”,情绪状态不影响庭审判决结果;D 选项 “hungry” 意为 “饥饿的”,生理状态与案件重审无关。综上,选 B。
题目 5
Mary is so ______ that she will believe anything you tell her.
A) credulous B) believable C) trustworthy D) sophisticated
答案:A
解析:本题考查形容词词义辨析,核心是区分 “主动相信” 与 “被相信” 的语义。A 选项 “credulous” 意为 “轻信的”,侧重主语 “容易相信他人”,符合 “Mary 会相信任何话” 的语境;B 选项 “believable” 意为 “可信的”,侧重 “主语本身值得被相信”(如 “a believable story”),与语境方向相反;C 选项 “trustworthy” 意为 “可靠的、值得信任的”,描述主语的品质,而非 “容易相信他人”;D 选项 “sophisticated” 意为 “老练的、复杂的”,与 “轻易相信他人” 语义相反。综上,选 A。
题目 6
The noise was so ______ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it.
A) dim B) quiet C) gentle D) faint
答案:D
解析:本题考查形容词词义辨析,需精准描述 “噪音微弱” 的程度。A 选项 “dim” 意为 “昏暗的”,仅用于形容光线,不用于声音;B 选项 “quiet” 意为 “安静的”,侧重 “无噪音”,而题干中明确提到 “有噪音,只是需敏锐听力才能察觉”,语义不符;C 选项 “gentle” 意为 “温和的”,多形容 “风、语气” 等,不用于形容噪音;D 选项 “faint” 意为 “微弱的”,可用于声音、光线,强调 “程度极轻,不易察觉”,符合 “仅听力好的人能察觉” 的语境。综上,选 D。
题目 7
Her husband is very ______ electrician; he could repair all kinds of electric appliances.
A) industrious B) competent C) careful D) generous
答案:B
解析:本题考查形容词词义与职业能力匹配。A 选项 “industrious” 意为 “勤奋的”,侧重 “工作努力”,但 “勤奋” 不直接等同于 “能修理各类电器”;B 选项 “competent” 意为 “胜任的、有能力的”,直接对应 “能修理各类电器” 的职业技能,符合语境;C 选项 “careful” 意为 “仔细的”,“仔细” 是工作态度,不代表 “技术能力强”;D 选项 “generous” 意为 “慷慨的”,描述性格,与职业技能无关。综上,选 B。
题目 8
Our teacher was usually very kind so that his sudden ______ greatly surprised us.
A) heartiness B) unhappiness C) harshness D) uprightness
答案:C
解析:本题考查名词词义的转折逻辑,需与 “usually kind” 形成对比。A 选项 “heartiness” 意为 “热情”,与 “kind” 语义一致,无转折;B 选项 “unhappiness” 意为 “不开心”,“老师不开心” 是情绪变化,不足以让学生 “大为惊讶”;C 选项 “harshness” 意为 “严厉”,与 “usually kind”(通常温和)形成强烈对比,符合 “突然严厉让学生惊讶” 的逻辑;D 选项 “uprightness” 意为 “正直”,与 “kind” 同属正面品质,无转折。综上,选 C。
题目 9
Man is realizing that the oceans are ______ controlling factors in the weather.
A) a relevant B) an influential C) an inseparable D) a principal
答案:D
解析:本题考查形容词词义的程度辨析,需强调 “海洋对天气的核心影响”。A 选项 “a relevant”(相关的)程度过轻,“相关因素” 无法体现 “重要性”;B 选项 “an influential”(有影响力的)虽表影响,但未突出 “核心地位”;C 选项 “an inseparable”(不可分割的)侧重 “无法分离的关系”,而非 “控制作用”;D 选项 “a principal”(主要的)直接强调 “海洋是天气的主要控制因素”,符合 “人类逐渐认识到其重要性” 的语境。综上,选 D。
(注:10-20 题缺失,完整题型及解析可通过考博信息网下载完整版真题获取)
二、改错部分(10%)
题目 22
To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source of warmth.
(划线部分:A.To stay / B.cold-blooded/ C.itself/ D.a source)
答案:C(itself 改为 themselves)
解析:本题考查代词单复数一致。主语 “cold-blooded animals”(冷血动物)是复数形式,对应的反身代词应使用复数 “themselves”,而 “itself” 为单数反身代词,存在单复数不一致的错误。
题目 24
In the wild tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in height.
(划线部分:A.In the wild / B.become/ C.thirty/ D.feet in height)
答案:无错误(若题干存在排版疏漏,需以完整原文为准;当前句子语法、语义均正确,“of + 数量 + 单位 + in height” 是描述物体高度的常用结构,符合英语表达习惯)
解析:本题考查名词所有格及高度表达。“thirty feet in height”(30 英尺高)是正确的高度描述方式,等同于 “thirty feet high”;主语 “tea plants”(茶树)在 “in the wild”(在野外)的语境下,“become trees”(长成树木)语义通顺,无语法错误。
题目 26
It is the interaction between people rather than the events that occur in their lives that is the main focus of social psychology.
(划线部分:A.the interaction / B.rather than / C.occur/ D.that)
答案:C(occur 改为 occurs)
解析:本题考查定语从句中的主谓一致。先行词 “the events”(事件)是复数,但其前有 “rather than”(而非),根据 “rather than” 连接主语时 “主谓一致随前面主语” 的规则,定语从句的谓语动词应随 “the interaction”(单数)变化,故 “occur” 需改为单数形式 “occurs”。
(注:21、23、25、27-30 题因题干划线部分排版不完整,完整解析可通过考博信息网下载完整版真题及答案获取)
三、阅读理解部分(40%)
Passage 1(31-35 题)
题目 31
According to the passage, why were doctors in the west sometimes unable to help their patients?
A) They did not know how to treat the unfamiliar illnesses.
B) They were more interested in establishing practices in the cities.
C) They were more concerned with doing research than with treating patients.
D) They were often overcome by diseases caught from their patients.
答案:A
解析:本题考查细节定位。根据原文 “Even when doctors were available, they were often no more knowledgeable than their patients”(即使能找到医生,他们的知识也往往和病人差不多),结合前文 “pioneer woman confronted situations she never imagined... desert sunburn, rattlesnake bites, or arrow wounds”(拓荒女性面临沙漠晒伤、响尾蛇咬伤等未知情况),可推断医生因不熟悉西部特有的病症,无法提供有效帮助。B、C、D 选项原文均未提及,属于无中生有,故选 A。
题目 32
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about patent medicines?
A) They do not cost much.
B) They helped heal snakebites.
C) They did not work very well.
D) They has a strong taste.
答案:C
解析:本题考查推理判断。原文提到 “most patent medicines were no more reliable than the itinerant merchants who sold them”(大多数专利药和售卖它们的流动商贩一样不可靠),“unreliable”(不可靠)可推断出 “专利药效果不佳”,对应选项 C。A 选项 “价格低”、B 选项 “能治疗蛇咬伤”、D 选项 “味道重” 原文均未提及,故选 C。
题目 33
It can be inferred that most of the pioneers referred to in the passage were originally from where in the United States?
A) The desert B) The West C) The state of Mississippi D) The East
答案:D
解析:本题考查推理判断。原文提到 “Western mosquitoes... proved to be as repelled by a paste of vinegar and salt as were their Eastern cousins”(西部蚊子和东部的蚊子一样,会被醋盐糊驱赶),“Eastern cousins”(东部的同类)暗示拓荒者来自东部,对东部蚊子的习性有了解,进而用同样方法应对西部蚊子。A 选项 “沙漠”、B 选项 “西部” 是拓荒者的目的地,而非来源地;C 选项 “密西西比州” 原文仅提及 “crossing the Mississippi”(穿越密西西比河),并非来源地,故选 D。
题目 34
All of the following were mentioned in the passage as being encountered by the pioneers EXCEPT
A) arrow wounds B) severe frostbite C) desert sunburn D) rattlesnake bites
答案:B
解析:本题考查细节筛选。原文明确提到 “desert sunburn, rattlesnake bites, or arrow wounds”(沙漠晒伤、响尾蛇咬伤、箭伤),A、C、D 选项均有提及;B 选项 “严重冻伤” 原文未提到,属于 “未提及信息”,故选 B。
题目 35
It can be inferred from the passage that in order to survive in the West, the pioneers had to be
A) sincere B) young C) resourceful D) rich
答案:C
解析:本题考查推理判断。原文提到 “a woman was guided only by her own ingenuity in concocting tonics, powders... from whatever she had at hand”(女性只能靠自己的创造力,用手边的材料制作补药、粉末等),“ingenuity”(创造力)和 “利用手边材料” 体现 “足智多谋”,对应选项 C。A 选项 “真诚”、B 选项 “年轻”、D 选项 “富有” 原文均未提及,且与 “西部生存” 的核心需求无关,故选 C。
Passage 2(36-40 题)
题目 36
This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American
A) arts and crafts B) political leaders C) logging industries D) fashion design
答案:A
解析:本题考查主旨归属。文章核心围绕 “美国早期木雕” 展开,提到 “Woodcarving began as a necessity... developed into an art”(木雕从必需品发展为艺术)、“craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully”(熟练使用刀和凿子的工匠)等内容,均属于 “手工艺” 范畴,对应选项 A。B 选项 “政治领袖”、C 选项 “伐木业”、D 选项 “时尚设计” 与 “木雕艺术” 无关,故选 A。
题目 37
The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were
A) not very sophisticated B) known for doing very quick work
C) dependent on imported materials D) frequented only by fashionable people
答案:A
解析:本题考查推理判断。原文提到 “when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops”(当拓荒工匠建立原始作坊时),“primitive”(原始的)可推断出 “早期工具作坊并不先进”,对应选项 A。B 选项 “工作速度快”、C 选项 “依赖进口材料”(原文提到 “lack of other materials,用木材制作工具”,与 “进口材料” 矛盾)、D 选项 “仅受时尚人士光顾” 原文均未提及,故选 A。
题目 38
It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchard's invention, lathes
A) were not made of wood B) could not produce square objects
C) were found only in cabinmaking shops D) could be used to make most tools and utensils
答案:B
解析:本题考查推理判断。原文提到 “Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapes... mass production of... square wood ware”(托马斯・布兰查德设计的车床能加工不规则形状,实现方形木制品的批量生产),反向可推断 “之前的车床无法加工方形物体”,对应选项 B。A 选项 “不是木制的” 原文未提及;C 选项 “仅在橱柜店有” 与原文 “pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops”(工匠自建作坊)矛盾;D 选项 “能制作大多数工具” 原文未提及,且 “早期用刀制作工具,后期用车床”,故选 B。
题目 39
Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen?
A) A bust B) A decoy C) A figurehead D) A chisel
答案:D
解析:本题考查细节筛选。题干问 “木工工具”,A 选项 “半身像”、B 选项 “捕兽圈套”、C 选项 “船首像” 均是 “木雕成品”,而非工具;D 选项 “凿子” 原文提到 “craftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully”(熟练使用刀和凿子的工匠),“chisel”(凿子)是木工工具,故选 D。
题目 40
According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do?
A) They moved out of Massachusetts B) They found work making specialized items
C) They made demands on government leaders D) They took jobs on ships as sailors
答案:B
解析:本题考查细节定位。原文提到 “even after... mass production... craftsmen... were still in demand. Some... in cabinet-makers and chair-makers... others carved decoys... Still others specialized in creating shop signs...”(即使批量生产后,工匠仍有需求:有的做橱柜、椅子,有的刻捕兽圈套,有的制作店铺招牌),即 “工匠转向制作特色产品”,对应选项 B。A、C、D 选项原文均未提及,故选 B。
(注:Passage 3、Passage 4 完整题目及解析,可通过考博信息网下载完整版真题及答案获取,所有年份真题均配备同类高分详解)
四、完形填空部分(10%)
题目 51
Such challenges ______ rising pension and medical costs and greater stress...
A) insert B) include C) enclose D) hide
答案:B
解析:本题考查动词词义,需体现 “挑战包含的内容”。A 选项 “insert” 意为 “插入”,侧重 “将某物放入另一物”,如 “insert a key”,不用于 “列举包含的事物”;B 选项 “include” 意为 “包含”,用于列举整体中的部分内容,符合 “挑战包括养老金成本、医疗成本等” 的语境;C 选项 “enclose” 意为 “包围、随信附上”,如 “enclose a document”,与 “挑战” 搭配不当;D 选项 “hide” 意为 “隐藏”,与原文 “明确指出挑战” 的语义相反。综上,选 B。
题目 52
greater stress ______ a shrinking number of family caretakers
A) to B) in C) on D) into
答案:C
解析:本题考查固定搭配。“stress on sb./sth.” 是固定短语,意为 “对…… 的压力”,句意为 “家庭看护者数量减少带来的更大压力”,符合搭配习惯。A 选项 “to”、B 选项 “in”、D 选项 “into” 均不与 “stress” 构成表 “对…… 压力” 的搭配,故选 C。
题目 53
______ to a recent study published by the Population Reference Bureau, Inc...
A) according B) due C) previous D) thanks
答案:A
解析:本题考查固定短语。“according to” 是固定短语,意为 “根据”,用于引出信息来源,符合 “根据某机构发布的研究” 的语境;B 选项 “due to” 意为 “由于”,表原因,而非 “来源”;C 选项 “previous to” 意为 “在…… 之前”,表时间,与语境无关;D 选项 “thanks to” 意为 “多亏”,表因果,且多含积极语义,与 “挑战” 的中性语境不符。综上,选 A。
题目 54
The proportion of the Japanese population ______ 65 and over...
A) age B) aging C) aged D) ages
答案:C
解析:本题考查非谓语动词作定语。“aged + 数字” 是固定结构,意为 “…… 岁的”,作后置定语修饰 “population”(人口),句意为 “65 岁及以上的日本人口比例”;A 选项 “age”(年龄,名词 / 动词)、B 选项 “aging”(变老,现在分词,表主动 / 进行)、D 选项 “ages”(年龄,复数)均无法构成 “表年龄的定语” 结构,故选 C。
题目 55
is expected to ______ than double between 1985 and 2025
A) more B) rather C) other D) no more
答案:A
解析:本题考查固定搭配。“more than double” 是固定表达,意为 “两倍多”,句意为 “1985 年至 2025 年间,(65 岁及以上人口比例)预计将增加两倍多”;B 选项 “rather than” 意为 “而非”,表转折,与 “double” 搭配不当;C 选项 “other than” 意为 “除了”,表排除,语义不符;D 选项 “no more than” 意为 “不超过”,与原文 “人口老龄化加剧” 的趋势矛盾。综上,选 A。
(注:56-70 题完整题目及解析,可通过考博信息网下载完整版真题及答案获取,解析包含固定搭配、语境逻辑、词义辨析等核心考点)
五、翻译部分(20%)
Part IV 英译汉(10%)
原文
In the organization of industrial life, the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.
参考译文
在工业生活的组织形式中,工厂对工人生理和心理状态的影响被完全忽视了。现代工业以 “低成本实现最高产量” 为理念,其目的是让个人或某个群体尽可能多地赚钱。工业发展的过程中,人们完全忽视了操作机器的人的真实本性,也没有考虑到工厂强加的人为生活方式对个人及其后代产生的影响。
解析:
- 句式拆分:原文第一句 “the influence... has been completely neglected” 为被动语态,翻译时转为主动语态 “…… 的影响被完全忽视了”,符合中文表达习惯;第二句 “in order that” 引导目的状语从句,翻译为 “其目的是……”,逻辑更清晰。
- 词义精准:“conception” 此处意为 “理念、观念”,而非 “概念”;“artificial mode of existence” 译为 “人为生活方式”,避免直译 “人造存在模式” 的生硬感;“imposed by the factory” 作后置定语,翻译时前置为 “工厂强加的”,符合中文定语前置的习惯。
Part V 汉译英(10%)
原文
天空还是一片浅蓝,颜色很淡。转眼间天边出现了一道红霞,慢慢地在扩大它的范围,加强它的亮点。我知道太阳要从天边升起来了,便目不转睛地望着那里。
参考译文
The sky was still light blue, with a pale hue. In the twinkling of an eye, a streak of red cloud appeared on the horizon, gradually expanding its scope and brightening its glow. Knowing that the sun was about to rise from the edge of the sky, I fixed my eyes on that spot.
解析:
- 细节处理:“颜色很淡” 译为 “with a pale hue”,补充 “hue”(色调)使描述更精准;“转眼间” 译为 “in the twinkling of an eye”,符合英语常用表达;“天边” 根据语境译为 “horizon”(地平线)或 “the edge of the sky”,避免直译 “sky edge” 的错误。
- 句式优化:“慢慢地在扩大它的范围,加强它的亮点” 两个并列动作,译为 “gradually expanding its scope and brightening its glow”,用现在分词作伴随状语,符合英语句式简洁的特点;“目不转睛地望着” 译为 “fixed my eyes on”,比 “stared at” 更能体现 “专注等待” 的状态。
六、写作部分(10%)
题目:Books and Teenagers(三段式,给定首句)
首句 1:Different books are intended for different people.
拓展写作:
Different books are intended for different people. For instance, academic books cater to students and researchers who seek professional knowledge to deepen their expertise in specific fields; literary works like novels and poems are favored by readers eager to explore human emotions and broaden their spiritual horizons; while practical books on cooking or gardening target those who want to acquire daily life skills. Each type of book serves a unique purpose, matching the diverse needs and interests of different groups.
解析:
- 逻辑展开:以 “举例论证” 展开,分别列举 “学术书、文学书、实用书” 三类书籍及其对应的人群,紧扣 “不同书籍针对不同人” 的主题;
- 词汇亮点:使用 “cater to”(迎合)、“deepen their expertise”(深化专业知识)、“broaden their spiritual horizons”(拓宽精神视野)等短语,提升语言表达的丰富性。
首句 2:Teenagers are not supposed to read all kinds of books.
拓展写作:
Teenagers are not supposed to read all kinds of books. As they are in a critical period of values formation, books containing violent, pornographic, or misleading content can have a negative impact on their mental health and moral development. For example, some online novels that advocate violence may distort their understanding of social rules, while false information in unqualified books may mislead their 认知 (cognition) of the world. Therefore, teenagers need to be guided to choose appropriate reading materials to avoid being harmed by harmful content.
解析:
- 原因分析:从 “青少年价值观形成关键期” 切入,分析 “暴力、色情、误导性书籍” 的危害,逻辑清晰;
- 衔接自然:用 “For example” 举例,“Therefore” 总结,衔接词使段落结构更连贯。
首句 3:Instructions and advice are helpful for young people.
拓展写作:
Instructions and advice are helpful for young people. Parents and teachers can recommend classic books that are both educational and inspiring, such as literary masterpieces or biographies of outstanding figures, which can cultivate teenagers' sense of responsibility and positive values. Additionally, libraries and bookstores can organize reading guidance activities, helping young people learn to distinguish between high-quality and low-quality books. With proper guidance, teenagers can not only enjoy the pleasure of reading but also gain beneficial knowledge that promotes their all-round development.
解析:
- 主体建议:从 “家长老师、图书馆书店” 两个角度给出具体建议,使 “指导和建议” 更具实操性;
- 结尾升华:强调 “合理指导” 的双重作用 ——“享受阅读乐趣” 和 “获取有益知识”,呼应 “帮助青少年” 的主题。
全文总结:
文章严格遵循 “三段式” 结构,每段围绕给定首句展开,逻辑连贯、论证充分,语言表达符合考博英语写作的规范,同时融入丰富的词汇和句式,符合高分作文的要求。