2026 年北京大学考博真题 样题
考博资源>>北京大学考博专区： 历年真题、试题答案详解下载
北京大学 2008 年博士研究生入学考试试题（考试科目：英语）
招生专业：全校各专业
研究方向：各研究方向
考试时间：2008 年 3 月 15 日
Part One: Listening Comprehension (20%)
Section A Conversations
Directions: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and answer the questions that follow. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 16 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
-
Members of the club are required to
[A] register when they arrive
[B] bring up to three guests
[C] register their guests
[D] show membership cards on arrival
-
Which of the following details about the changing rooms is NOT correct?
[A] There is a charge for the use of the lockers.
[B] Showers are installed in the changing rooms.
[C] Lockers are located in the changing rooms.
[D] Lockers are used to store personal belongings.
-
According to the club's rules, members can play
[A] for 30 minutes only
[B] for one hour only
[C] within the booked time only
[D] longer than the booked time
-
Which of the following details is NOT correct?
[A] Players can eat in the club room.
[B] Players have to leave the club room by ten o'clock.
[C] The courts are closed earlier than the club room.
[D] Players can use both the club room and the courts.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 12 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
5. At the university, Mr. Robinson specialized in
[A] maths
[B] physics
[C] water management
[D] geography
-
Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because of
[A] university links
[B] government agreement
[C] company projects
[D] degree requirement
-
After Mr. Robinson returned from India, he
[A] changed jobs several times
[B] went to live in Manchester
[C] did similar work as in India
[D] became head of a research team
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 12 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
8. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about Kathy's work?
[A] She presents the current affairs program.
[B] She telephones the viewers the day before the show.
[C] She hosts stories in the news.
[D] She interviews some people on TV.
-
The following statements are all true about a good host EXCEPT that
[A] he/she has to be able to answer questions
[B] he/she has to look straight into the camera
[C] he/she has to know how to respond to unexpected situations
[D] he/she should have a nice-sounding voice
-
One of the advices Kathy gives to young people is that
[A] they need to have a list of questions at the back of their mind
[B] they have to learn to be good speakers
[C] they have to be able to look straight into the camera
[D] they should be able to communicate well with other people
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 16 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
11. Companies approach KMP for advice on choosing
[A] the right product to export
[B] the most suitable foreign market
[C] the best plan for future development
[D] the best way of entering a market
-
The safest method for a company to enter a foreign market is
[A] having an agreement with a local company
[B] setting up its own local production
[C] sharing the cost of production facilities
[D] finding a joint venture partner
-
What is the main advantage of joint ventures?
[A] It is the cheapest way of entering a market.
[B] It is risk-free a way of doing business.
[C] It is a cost-free way of doing business.
[D] It provides important market knowledge.
-
The danger with a joint venture is that one company might
[A] refuse to share know-how with the other partner
[B] use the arrangement as the basis for a takeover
[C] refuse to learn from each other
[D] exploit and then leave the other partner
Section B Discussion
Directions: In this section, you will hear some people discussing the effect computers have had on their working lives. While listening, focus on the major points and match the names of the speakers with their occupations first and then read the statements and match the viewpoints with the names of the speakers. You'll be given One minute to complete the work. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
(1) Anita (2) Peter (3) Roberta (4) Andrew (5) Edward (6) Monica (7) William
(A) office administrator (B) office design consultant (C) bank teller (D) typist (E) clerk (F) personal assistant (G) secretary
(1) Without reorganizing jobs, introducing computers doesn't help. (A) Anita
(2) Computers have made life much more difficult. (B) Peter
(3) Computers reduce everything to numbers and typing in numbers all day long is too boring. (C) Roberta
(4) People begin to feel like machines. (D) Andrew
(5) Future office work will be unrecognizable. (E) Edward
(6) Computer systems do not always function. (F) Monica
(7) The purpose of computerization is not always clear. (G) William
Section C Talk
Directions: Now you are going to hear a talk on subhealth. While listening, focus on the major points. The talk will be read Twice. After hearing the talk, complete the following chart. There will be One Minute pause between the first and the second reading. You will have another 50 Seconds to check your work after the second reading. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
| 17. People most likely to be subhealthy |
18-19. Subhealth symptoms |
20. The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth |
| (1) middle-aged people
(2) people
(3) people in positions |
(1) lack of
(2)
(3) slow (4) insomnia
(8)
(9) aching in the and legs
(10) cardiovascular diseases |
(1) forming good living habits
(2) alternating work with rest
(3) exercising (4) taking part in activities |
Part Tw Structure and Written Expression (20%)
Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
-
"What courses are you going to do next semester?"
"I don't know. But it is about time ______ on something."
[A] I'd decide [B] I decided [C] I decide [D] I'm deciding
-
______ a ticket for the match, he can not only watch it on TV at home.
[A] Obtaining not [B] Not obtaining [C] Not having obtained [D] Not obtained
-
How can I ever concentrate if you ______ continually ______ me with silly questions?
[A] have, interrupted [B] had, interrupted [C] are, interrupting [D] were, interrupted
-
As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.
[A] need not have dressed up [B] must not have dressed up [C] did not need to dress up [D] must not dress up
-
______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.
[A] That [B] It [C] This [D] As
-
It is not so much the language ______ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.
[A] but [B] nor [C] as [D] like
-
______ human problems that repeat themselves in ______ literature repeat themselves in ______ life.
[A] /, the, the [B] /, the, / [C] The, /, / [D] The, the, the
-
He is not under arrest ______ any restriction on him.
[A] or the police have placed [B] or have the police placed [C] nor the police have placed [D] nor have the police placed
-
He was ______ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.
[A] too much of a coward [B] too much the coward [C] a coward enough [D] enough of a coward
-
I couldn't sleep because the tap in the bathroom was ______.
[A] draining [B] dropping [C] spilling [D] dripping
-
We have been hearing ______ accounts of your work.
[A] favored [B] favorable [C] favorite [D] favoring
-
Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in ______ bins provided.
[A] junk [B] litter [C] scrap [D] deposit
-
At first, the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was ______ revised.
[A] subsequently [B] successively [C] predominantly [D] preliminarily
-
The local authorities realized the need to make ______ for elderly people in their housing programs.
[A] preparation [B] requirement [C] specification [D] provision
-
Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ______.
[A] invaluable [B] priceless [C] unworthy [D] worthless
-
Most people can't get ______ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.
[A] on [B] through [C] over [D] by
Part Three: Reading Comprehension
I. Directions
Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)
Passage One: The 19th Century British Aristocracy
The British aristocracy had always been involved in industrialization, especially in the development of mining, canals, and railways. On a wider scale, it shared the benefits of commercial expansion: most banks and insurance companies had a lord to add tone to the managerial board. It also shored up its fortunes by astute marriages, notably with the new aristocracy of wealth in the United States, the best known example was the marriage of the duke of Marlborough to Consuelo Vanderbilt. By these means, many of the great aristocratic estates were preserved despite agricultural decline, but they were playthings as well as engines of wealth and came to be treated as such. The aristocracy came to be known to the urban population chiefly through their representation in the popular press and magazines as men and women of leisure: racing, hunting, shooting, and fishing in the country, ambling and attending the season in London. In a population for which leisure was becoming increasingly important, this did not make the aristocracy unpopular.
-
In the second sentence of this passage, "had a lord to add tone to the managerial board" means that
[A] the banks and insurance companies would hire a lord on the board to give advice to their management
[B] having lords involved in the management gave the banks or companies a very good public image
[C] lords worked for the banks and insurance companies to bring in more profits
[D] it had become a fashion to have a lord on the managerial board of a bank or a company
-
The "astute marriages" in the passage refers to marriages between
[A] British aristocracy and rich American entrepreneurs
[B] old British aristocratic families and newly knighted aristocracy of wealth
[C] aristocratic families and new business giants of money and enterprises
[D] big landlord families in the British countryside and rich American tycoons of industry
-
Judging from the content of the passage, Consuelo Vanderbilt was
[A] Male, and from a rich business family in the United States
[B] Female, and from a British wealthy family of industry
[C] Male, and from a rich industrial family of Britain
[D] Female, and from an entrepreneur family in America
-
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
[A] The 19th century British aristocrats were treated as decorations in public life and were used to make money by press.
[B] The 19th-century British aristocrats were toys of the rich capitalists and were made to earn profits for them.
[C] The 19th century British aristocrats acted as lapdogs of upper class, practicing hunting, fishing, and shooting.
[D] The 19th-century British aristocrats were popular figures in a leisure society because they lived a leisurely life.
Passage Tw How to do fewer, better animal experiments
For a nation of pet lovers, Britain conducts a surprising number of experiments on animals: some 3m a year. America appears to use fewer animals—just 1.1m a year, according to official statistics—but that is a false picture. Britain's government counts all vertebrates except fish, America's does not think rats and mice worth counting. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America, and animals used in research in those two countries are not protected to the same extent that they are in the West. Even so, academic centers supporting alternatives to animal testing have emerged in both places in recent years. In July, China issued its first set of guidelines governing the use of animals in research.
In an ideal world, there would be no animal testing. It is expensive and can be of dubious scientific value, since different species often react differently to the same procedure. That is why many researchers are working on ways of reducing the number of animal experiments needed and of making those that still happen more effective. However, the transition is proving easier for some types of experiment than for others, as a group of researchers in the field discussed at the sixth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, held last week in Tokyo.
The most important message from the congress was that things are going in the right direction. The number of animals used in experiments has fallen by half in the last 30 years, at least in those countries that record such things. There has also been a shift in the sort of animal used. Most of those employed today are rodents rather than dogs, cats, rabbits and monkeys. (That public opinion generally welcomes this is, however, a good example of "speciesist" prejudice—for one species over another. There is no reason to believe that rodents suffer less than the other animals.) Of the experiments that are still conducted, the majority are now concerned with developing and testing medicine rather than, say, checking how toxic cosmetics are. Of the 11m animals involved each year in experiments that have to be reported to the European Commission, about 45% are used for medical and veterinary purposes and another 35% for basic biomedical research.
-
Which of the following is a false statement?
[A] Britain protects animals used in research better than Japan and China.
[B] China has issued guidelines governing the use of animals in research.
[C] Japan has less comprehensive data on animal testing than America.
[D] America conducts fewer experiments on animals than Britain.
-
Many researchers are currently trying to
[A] use animals involved in research more effectively
[B] slow down the transition for some experiments
[C] challenge the scientific value of animal testing
[D] raise the cost of using any animals in research
-
"The speciesist prejudice" probably refers to the fact that
[A] pet animals are thought to suffer more in experiments
[B] rodents are believed to react in the same way with humans
[C] testing medicine is supposed to do more harm than testing cosmetics
[D] what sort of animals to use is reckoned more crucial than whether to use them
Passage Three
Thanks in no small part to Al Gore and his film, An Inconvenient Truth, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much worse.
For reasons both economic and political, coal is poised to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal is plentiful and cheap, but it releases about 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present trends continue, these figures will more than double by 2050, much to the detriment of the world's climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal.
Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale sequestration of carbon dioxide will be hard enough, but the bigger challenge is political. US companies have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the absence in the administration's policy is conspicuous.
It is time for the US government to put a price on carbon emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarded. Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring America's green credentials.
-
According to the author, what adds to the seriousness of global warming?
[A] The American public was ignorant of the problem.
[B] The American government is doing nothing to deal with the problem.
[C] The US will choose coal as the major fuel which will have large carbon emissions.
[D] There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil which has large carbon emissions.
-
Which of the following is true about the obstacles for effective carbon emissions?
[A] The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions.
[B] The companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies.
[C] The government policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive.
[D] The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues.
-
What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?
[A] The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new technology.
[B] The government should reward utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emission.
[C] The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees.
[D] The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions.
II. Directions
Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%)
Dealing with Depression
(51) Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of growing older. Nor is it harder to treat in older people. But it is often harder to recognize and harder to get patients to accept and continue with treatment.
"Most people think sadness is a hallmark of depression," Bruce said. "But more often in older people it's anhedonia—they're not enjoying life. They're irritable and cranky." (52) She added: "Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it can make it harder to notice depression in older people."
Family members, friends and medical personnel must take it seriously when an older person says "Life is not worth living." "I don't see any point in living." "I'd be better off dead." or "My family would be better off if I did," the experts emphasized.
"Listen carefully, empathize and help the person get evaluated for treatment or into treatment," Brown urged. (53) He warned that "depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms" than younger adults who are depressed.
The ideal approach, of course, is to prevent depression in the first place. (54) Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that "give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living."
He suggested "social activities of any type—joining a book club or bowling league, going to a senior center or gym, taking courses at a local college, hanging out at the coffee shop."
Bruce suggests taking up a new interest like painting or needlework or volunteering at a place of worship, school or museum.
(55) Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their problems.
Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Dad Can't Handle These Toys
Any parent with a child (56) ______ the ages of 3 and 11 can tell you (57) ______ technology has crept into nearly (58) ______ aspects of playtime and nearly every type of toy.
The Hyper Dash, introduced recently from Wild Planet, is a (59) ______ in point. "It's the perfect blend of technology, learning and exercise," says an educational psychologist. Wild Planet has (60) ______ unveiled a younger version of Hyper Dash, for kids 3 to 5, (61) ______ Animal Scramble, which is due (62) ______ stores in September. In (63) ______, the firm will soon release Hyper Jump. "Play and technology are (64) ______ putting the genie back in the bottle," says Claire Green of the nonprofit Parents' Choice Foundation. "There's (65) ______ going back."
Part Five: Proofreading (10%)
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Examples:
eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (66) begun / began
eg. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67) (Scarcely) had (they)
eg. 3 (68) Never will you not do it again.
Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (68) not
(66) A longtime aide to President Bush who wrote occasional guest columns for his hometown newspaper resigned on Friday evening after admitted that he had repeatedly plagiarized from other writers.
(67) The White House called his actions unaccepted.
(68) The aide, Tim Goeglein, worked for Mr. Bush since 2001, as a liaison to social and religious conservatives, an important component of the president's political base.
(69) Mr. Goeglein was influential in decisions on a range of question important to that constituency, including stem cell research, abortion and faith-based initiatives.
(70) "This is not acceptable, and we are being disappointed in Tim's actions," a White House spokeswoman, Emily Lawrimore, said Friday morning, hours before Mr. Goeglein resigned.
(71) "He is offered excuse, and he agrees it was wrong."
(72) Mr. Goeglein, 44, is main known outside Washington.
(73) He is a familiar figure to conservatives and evangelical Christians, who knew him as a spokesman for Gary L. Bauer, the conservative who ran as president in 2000.
(74) When Mr. Bauer dropped out the race, Mr. Goeglein ended up with Mr. Bush, eventually becoming a top aide to Karl Rove, the chief political strategist.
(75) He was the eyes and ears of the White House in the world of religion conservatives and an emissary to that world for Mr. Rove and the president.
Part Six: Writing (15%)
Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).
Quite a few teachers complain about students reading fewer books than before. In fact, students nowadays spend more time surfing on the internet and watching movies on DVD's. Naturally they spend less time reading books. Do you think that students today are less knowledgeable because they read fewer books?
您现在的位置： 