原题文本：
- Very few people came to the restaurant because the food there was neither good nor cheap enough.
- The owner of the restaurant was worried about his business so he decided to do something to change the situation.
- Very soon the restaurant was full of men with their families.
- The prices of food and drinks in the restaurant became much higher.
- Both the men and their lady friends were satisfied after they had had dinner in the restaurant.
- When a gentleman and his lady friend came into the restaurant, the waiter gave a beautiful menu only to the lady.
- The menus for the guests were the same.
- The male guest could remain calm when he ordered dish after dish because the prices of the dishes were reasonable.
- After a meal at this restaurant, the lady thought her friend only pretended to be generous.
- The story mainly suggests that knowledge of customer psychology helps promote business.
答案解析：
- F。核心依据：原文未提及顾客少的原因是 “食物不好且不够便宜”，属于无中生有。故事核心是餐厅通过 “双菜单” 策略吸引顾客，而非食物本身的问题。
- T。核心依据：餐厅生意冷清（very few people came），老板为改变现状设计了差异化菜单策略，符合 “担忧生意并采取行动” 的逻辑。
- F。核心依据：原文中餐厅后来满是 “men with their lady friends”（男士和女伴），而非 “with their families”（家人），语义偷换。
- F。核心依据：餐厅采用 “双菜单”，男士看到的菜单价格高，女士看到的价格合理，并非 “所有食物饮料价格大幅上涨”，表述绝对化。
- F。核心依据：女士看到的是低价菜单，会觉得男士点的菜品实惠且大方，感到满意；但男士看到高价菜单，可能因花费超出预期而不满，并非 “双方都满意”。
- T。核心依据：故事设定是服务员仅给女士提供 “beautiful menu”（低价且美观的菜单），男士拿到的是高价菜单，符合 “仅给女士” 的细节。
- F。核心依据：菜单分为两种，男士菜单价格高，女士菜单价格低，内容不同，并非 “完全相同”。
- F。核心依据：男士保持镇定是为了在女伴面前维持大方的形象，并非 “价格合理”，实际他看到的是高价菜单，内心可能有顾虑。
- F。核心依据：女士看到的是低价菜单，会认为男士真的大方，而非 “假装慷慨”，与原文逻辑相反。
- T。核心依据：故事本质是餐厅老板利用 “男士想在女伴面前显大方、女士关注价格” 的顾客心理，成功盘活生意，印证了 “顾客心理学知识助力商业推广” 的主旨。
原题文本：
- The train arrives at ___
- The coat cost Helen ___ dollars.
- The Sea of Japan is ___ feet deep.
- The shop closes at ___ on Saturday.
- My address is ___ Water Street.
- The temperature is ___
- Please call Rob on ___
- John came in the ___ in the game.
- The nearest post office is on ___ Street.
- Last Tuesday was my father's ___ birthday.
答案解析：
该题型需结合听力原文中的数字信息作答，核心考查数字的精准捕捉能力（包括时间、金额、地址、温度等场景）。以下为高频考点及答题技巧：
- 时间表达：注意 12 小时制与 24 小时制转换（如 17:30 可能读作 five thirty p.m.）。
- 金额表达：美元金额需区分 “dollar” 和 “cent”（如 $15.99 读作 fifteen dollars and ninety-nine cents）。
- 地址数字：街道编号可能为序数词（如 10th Street）或基数词（如 5 Water Street）。
- 温度单位：若未说明单位，默认可能为摄氏度（℃）或华氏度（℉），需按原文记录。
- 序数词：排名（如 third）、生日（如 fiftieth birthday）需注意序数词拼写（如 fifth 易误听为 fifteen）。
原题文本：
Dialogue 1
W: How are you going to (1) ___?
M: By (2) ___.
W: What (3) ___ are you taking?
M: (4) ___ Airlines.
W: And the (5) ___ number?
M: 838. It's a (6) ___ fight there.
W: When's the (7) ___ time?
M: 10:45 a.m.
W: When will you (8) ___ there?
M: 10:25 tomorrow morning, (9) ___ time. It's a fourteen-hour fight.
W: Happy (10) ___!
M: Thanks.
Dialogue 2
Ken: When is your (11) ___ going to start, Diana?
Diana: I'll be leaving on the fifth of (12) ___.
Ken: Oh, that's only a few (13) ___ from now. How long are you going to be away?
Diana: Two (14) ___.
Ken: Where are you going?
Diana: This time I'd like to go to the (15) ___.
Ken: Have you made your hotel (16) ___ yet?
Diana: Oh, I don't need to do that. I'll be staying with my (17) ___.
Ken: You're lucky, Diana. It's (18) ___ to find a place to stay at the beach in August.
Diana: Just think, in a few days I'll be (19) ___ every day, playing beach ball, lying in the sun and just taking it easy.
Ken: Don't tell me about that! It (20) ___ so great!
答案解析：
该题型考查日常对话的语境填词能力，核心围绕 “出行、度假” 场景，以下为标准答案及考点解析：
- travel；考点：结合下文 “By... Airlines”，可知此处询问 “出行方式”，“be going to travel” 符合语境。
- plane；考点：下文提及航空公司，故出行方式为 “by plane”，为固定搭配。
- airline；考点：根据答语 “Airlines”，可知此处询问 “乘坐哪家航空公司”，填 “airline”。
- （示例）China；考点：航空公司名称为专有名词，如 China Airlines（中华航空）、United Airlines（联合航空），需按原文填写。
- flight；考点：“flight number” 为固定搭配，意为 “航班号”，对应答语 “838”。
- direct；考点：“direct flight” 意为 “直飞航班”，符合 “十四小时航班” 的长距离出行场景。
- departure；考点：根据答语 “10:45 a.m.”，可知询问 “起飞时间”，“departure time” 为固定表达。
- arrive；考点：“arrive there” 意为 “到达那里”，与上文 “出发时间” 形成对应，注意 “arrive” 为不及物动词，后接地点副词 “there” 无需介词。
- local；考点：“local time” 意为 “当地时间”，用于说明到达时间的时区，符合长距离飞行的语境。
- journey；考点：“Happy journey” 为日常祝福用语，对应出行场景，意为 “旅途愉快”。
- vacation；考点：下文提及 “leaving、be away、stay at the beach”，可知讨论 “度假”，填 “vacation”。
- August；考点：下文提到 “in August”，故此处为 “八月五日”，填 “August”。
- days；考点：“a few days from now” 意为 “几天后”，符合 “即将出发” 的语境。
- weeks；考点：结合度假场景，“away for two weeks”（离开两周）为合理时长，也可填 “months”，需按原文一致。
- beach；考点：下文提及 “at the beach”，故目的地为 “海边”，填 “beach”。
- reservation；考点：“make hotel reservation” 为固定搭配，意为 “预订酒店”。
- relatives；考点：“stay with relatives” 意为 “住在亲戚家”，解释无需预订酒店的原因，符合逻辑。
- hard/difficult；考点：八月为海滨度假旺季，“很难找到住宿” 符合实际场景，填 “hard” 或 “difficult” 均可。
- swimming；考点：结合海边活动 “playing beach ball、lying in the sun”，“swimming” 为合理补充，用现在分词形式与 “be” 构成将来进行时。
- sounds；考点：“It sounds great” 为日常表达，意为 “听起来很棒”，用于回应对方的度假计划，主语为单数，动词用第三人称单数形式。
原题文本：
- () a. The man's. b. The man's brother's c. The woman's. d. The woman's brother's.
- () a. Mary. b. Ann. c. Ann and Mary. d. Ann and Helen.
- () a. He hurt his leg. b. He hurt his back. c. He hurt his hand. d. He hurt his foot.
- () a. In a restaurant. b. At a railway station. c. In the post office. d. At the airport.
- () a. A doctor. b. A nurse. c. A secretary. d. A receptionist.
- () a. The chemistry lab. b. The language lab. c. The physics lab. d. The chemistry and physics lab.
- () a. At a restaurant. b. At a grocery. c. At a booking office. d. At a bookstore.
- () a. English. b. Chinese. c. American. d. French.
- () a. Study. b. See a film. c. See a play. d. Attend a lecture.
- () a. Yes, you must take a bus to get there. b. Yes, you must take a taxi to get there. c. No, it's within walking distance. d. No, but you'd better not walk.
答案解析：
该题型考查短对话的场景判断、细节捕捉和推理能力，以下为核心考点及答题逻辑：
- （示例答案：b）考点：对话可能围绕 “物品归属”，如 “Whose bike is this?”，若原文提及 “my brother's”，则选 b，核心是 “名词所有格的对应”。
- （示例答案：c）考点：对话可能涉及 “人物参与”，如 “Who will go to the party?”，若原文提到 “Ann and Mary”，则选 c，需排除未提及的人物（如 Helen）。
- （示例答案：a）考点：对话可能描述 “受伤部位”，如 “I fell down and hurt my leg”，需精准捕捉身体部位的词汇，避免混淆（如 leg 与 foot）。
- （示例答案：d）考点：场景关键词判断，如 “flight、boarding pass” 对应机场（airport），“menu、order” 对应餐厅（restaurant），“ticket、train” 对应火车站（railway station）。
- （示例答案：a）考点：职业关键词判断，如 “patient、examination” 对应医生（doctor），“nurse、ward” 对应护士（nurse），“secretary、typing” 对应秘书（secretary）。
- （示例答案：b）考点：地点关键词判断，如 “language learning、headphone” 对应语言实验室（language lab），“chemical、experiment” 对应化学实验室（chemistry lab）。
- （示例答案：d）考点：场景动作判断，如 “buy a book、bestseller” 对应书店（bookstore），“book a ticket” 对应售票处（booking office），“vegetables、fruit” 对应杂货店（grocery）。
- （示例答案：a）考点：语言名称判断，注意 “American” 是国籍，并非语言，语言为 “English”，避免语义混淆。
- （示例答案：d）考点：活动计划判断，如 “lecture、professor” 对应 “attend a lecture”，“film、cinema” 对应 “see a film”，需结合原文关键词。
- （示例答案：c）考点：出行方式推理，如 “Is it far from here?”，若原文回答 “No, you can walk there”，则选 c，核心是 “步行可达” 的对应表达。
原题文本：
How warm parents are with their children has a strong influence on the children's personalities. Boys who are highly masculine, for example, tend to see their fathers as very warm and regarding. The warmth of both parents tends to lead to more feminism in girls. The influence of the fathers seems to be more important, since fathers generally treat male and female children differently as compared to mothers who treat male and female children in a more similar manner.
11. The passage is mainly about
A) male children and how they develop a sex role
B) female children and how they develop a sex role
C) babies and how they are affected by their parents
D) parental warmth and its effects
12. Which of the following tend to treat male and female children more similarly?
A) Fathers.
B) Sisters.
C) Mothers.
D) Brothers.
答案解析：
11. D。主旨题。原文首句即主题句：“父母对孩子的关爱程度对孩子的性格有强烈影响”，后文通过男孩、女孩的例子展开说明，核心围绕 “父母关爱及其影响”；A、B 仅涉及单一性别，范围过窄；C 中 “babies”（婴儿）与原文 “children”（孩子，范围更广）不符，且未突出 “warmth”（关爱）这一核心变量。
12. C。细节题。根据原文尾句 “fathers generally treat male and female children differently as compared to mothers who treat male and female children in a more similar manner”，明确 “母亲对男女孩子的对待方式更相似”，直接对应选项 C。
.......
原题文本：
Directions: Write a composition in about 250 words on the following topic: Academic Ethics. Your writing should be based on the following outline in Chinese.
Outline:
- 目前学术界抄袭之风越来越盛。
- 为什么会出现这种现象。
- 如何杜绝这种现象。
答案解析（高分范文 + 解析）：
In recent years, plagiarism has become an increasingly rampant issue in the academic circle, casting a shadow over the integrity of scholarly research. From graduate students' thesis copying to renowned scholars' improper use of others' achievements, such unethical behavior not only undermines the originality of academic work but also erodes the foundation of trust in the academic community.
Several factors contribute to the prevalence of plagiarism. Firstly, the flawed evaluation system prioritizes quantity over quality, urging researchers to publish more papers quickly, which leads some to take shortcuts by plagiarizing. Secondly, the lack of sufficient academic integrity education makes many students and scholars unaware of the seriousness of plagiarism, regarding it as a trivial mistake. Thirdly, the inadequate supervision and punishment mechanisms fail to deter potential offenders—light penalties make plagiarism a low-cost risk for some.
To eradicate plagiarism and uphold academic ethics, joint efforts are needed. Initially, universities and research institutions should reform the evaluation system, emphasizing innovation and quality rather than mere publication numbers. Secondly, systematic academic integrity education should be integrated into the curriculum, teaching students and researchers to respect intellectual property rights. Finally, stricter supervision and severe punishment measures must be implemented, such as using anti-plagiarism software and revoking degrees or titles for offenders. Only through these measures can we rebuild a clean and trustworthy academic environment.
- 结构严谨：严格遵循提纲 “现象 — 原因 — 解决方案”，三段式结构清晰，每段首句为主题句，层次分明，符合考博写作要求。
- 内容充实：
- 现象描述：列举 “研究生论文抄袭、知名学者不当使用他人成果”，具体且有代表性，增强说服力。
- 原因分析：从 “评价体系缺陷、诚信教育缺失、监管惩罚不足” 三个维度展开，逻辑全面，直击核心。
- 解决方案：对应原因提出 “改革评价体系、加强诚信教育、严格监管惩罚”，针对性强，可行性高。
- 语言规范：
- 词汇精准：使用 “rampant”“undermines”“erodes”“deter”“eradicate” 等学术词汇，体现博士研究生的语言素养。
- 句式多样：混合使用简单句、复合句和并列句，如 “From... to...” 结构、非限制性定语从句，避免句式单调。
- 主旨鲜明：全文围绕 “学术道德” 核心，突出 “打击抄袭” 的主题，首尾呼应（开头指出抄袭危害，结尾呼吁重建诚信学术环境），升华主旨。
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