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2026年 广西师范大学考博真题,考博试题
- Many things like fashionable clothes, delicious foods, and new cars are not permanent but disposable because, unlike our immortal spirits, they are quite______along with the passage of time.
A. inextricable B. perishable C. inevitable D. indispensable
- There always are hypocrites who show open respects for virtues but their behaviors go______with their words.
A. incoherent B. inconsistent C. illogical D. irrational
- My______to criticize our own limitations derives from a realization that we are often willing to see our merits and to ignore our weaknesses.
A. motive B. incentive C. impulse D. urge
- Japan remains tied to the Western camp partly because the relationship has become______to her economy and politics over forty year's association.
A. integral B. unilateral C. rational D. hierarchical
- The child should always______the same basic procedures: seeing the whole world - hearing and pronouncing - writing from memory.
A. go through B. take over C. respond to D. carry off
- In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, it achieves this by "being open to all kinds of art, by "being______".
A. gravitating B. predominating C. excelling D. accommodating
- In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which______all other sounds.
A. dwarfed B. diminished C. drowned D. devastated
- Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not______and should be avoided if possible.
A. constructive B. productive C. descriptive D. relative
20.______to different sets of values and expectations both in working life and everyday living places a severe strain on the individual.
A. Recreation B. Transaction C. Disclosure D. Exposure
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B. perishable
词汇辨析题。句意：许多事物如时尚服装、美味食物和新车并非永恒，而是可丢弃的，因为与我们不朽的灵魂不同，它们会随着时间流逝极易腐烂 / 损耗。
- 解析：A. inextricable（无法摆脱的）、C. inevitable（不可避免的）、D. indispensable（不可或缺的）均与 “可丢弃、非永恒” 语义矛盾；B. perishable（易腐烂的、易损耗的）契合 “随时间变质 / 失效” 的语境，符合考博词汇 “语境语义匹配” 核心考点。
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B. inconsistent
固定搭配题。句意：总有伪君子表面尊崇美德，但其行为与言语不一致。
- 解析：“go inconsistent with” 为固定搭配，意为 “与…… 不一致”，精准对应 “言行不一” 的语义；A. incoherent（语无伦次的，侧重表达混乱）、C. illogical（不合逻辑的，侧重逻辑错误）、D. irrational（不理性的，侧重思维方式）均不与 “behaviors and words” 搭配，不符合考博 “固定搭配 + 语义适配” 考点。
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D. urge
近义词辨析题。句意：我批评自身局限的强烈欲望，源于意识到我们往往只愿看到自身优点，却忽视弱点。
- 解析：A. motive（动机，侧重行为的目的）、B. incentive（激励，侧重外部刺激）、C. impulse（冲动，侧重瞬间的无意识反应）；D. urge（强烈欲望，侧重内在的、持续的意愿）更契合 “主动意识到问题后产生的批评欲”，符合考博 “近义词语义侧重辨析” 考点。
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A. integral
词汇辨析题。句意：日本仍依附西方阵营，部分原因是四十余年的关联使其与西方的关系成为其经济和政治不可或缺的一部分。
- 解析：A. integral（不可或缺的，强调构成整体的核心部分）契合 “长期关联形成的紧密依存” 语境；B. unilateral（单方面的）、C. rational（理性的）、D. hierarchical（等级制的）均与 “依附阵营的原因” 语义不符，符合考博 “学术语境词汇应用” 考点。
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A. go through
词组辨析题。句意：孩子应始终遵循相同的基本步骤：观察整个世界 —— 听与说 —— 记忆书写。
- 解析：A. go through（经历、遵循）与 “procedures（步骤）” 搭配，表 “执行步骤”；B. take over（接管）、C. respond to（回应）、D. carry off（完成、夺走）均无法与 “步骤” 搭配，不符合考博 “动词词组语境适配” 考点。
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D. accommodating
词汇辨析题。句意：在他看来，尽管香港没有直接的文化认同，但它通过 “接纳各类艺术” 实现了这一点。
- 解析：A. gravitating（吸引，常与 to 搭配）、B. predominating（主导，侧重占优势）、C. excelling（擅长，常与 at/in 搭配）；D. accommodating（包容的、接纳的）契合 “open to all kinds of art” 的语义，符合考博 “学术文本词汇精准应用” 考点。
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C. drowned
词汇辨析题。句意：在机场，我只能听到飞机引擎的轰鸣声，它盖过了所有其他声音。
- 解析：A. dwarfed（使相形见绌，侧重规模对比）、B. diminished（减少，侧重数量降低）、D. devastated（摧毁，侧重破坏）；C. drowned（淹没，侧重声音被盖过）精准对应 “引擎轰鸣声盖过其他声音” 的语境，符合考博 “场景化词汇辨析” 考点。
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A. constructive
词汇辨析题。句意：不指出改进方向的批评毫无建设性，应尽可能避免。
- 解析：A. constructive（建设性的，侧重能带来改进）契合 “无改进建议的批评无意义” 的语义；B. productive（多产的，侧重产出）、C. descriptive（描述性的，侧重客观描述）、D. relative（相关的，侧重关联）均不符合 “批评的价值” 语境，符合考博 “语义逻辑匹配” 考点。
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D. Exposure
固定搭配题。句意：在工作和日常生活中接触不同的价值观和期望，会给个人带来巨大压力。
- 解析：“exposure to” 为固定搭配，意为 “接触、暴露于”，符合 “接触不同价值观” 的语境；A. Recreation（娱乐）、B. Transaction（交易）、C. Disclosure（披露）均无法与 “to different values” 搭配，不符合考博 “固定搭配 + 语义逻辑” 考点。
I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning. You have only to go to the great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with clarity the most profound reflections. You may find it difficult to understand the thought of Hume, and if you have no philosophical training its implications will doubtless escape you; but no one with any education at all can fail to understand exactly what the meaning of each sentence is. Few people have written English with more grace than Berkeley. There are two sorts of obscurity that you find in writers. One is due to negligence and the other to wilfulness. People often write obscurely because they have never taken the trouble to learn to write clearly. This sort of obscurity you find too often in modern philosophers, in men of science, and even in literary critics. Mere it is not startling. You would have thought that men who passed their lives in the study of the great masters of literature would be sufficiently sensitive to the beauty of language to write if not beautifully at least with perspicuity. Yet you will find in their works sentences that you must read twice to discover the sense. Often you can only guess at it, for the writers have evidently not said what they intended.
Another cause of obscurity is that the writer is himself not quite sure of his meaning. He has a vague impression of what he wants to say, but has not, either from lack of mental power or from laziness, exactly formulated it in his mind and it is natural enough that he should not find a precise expression for a confused idea. This is due largely to the fact that many writers think, not before, but as they write. The pen originates the thought. The disadvantage of this, and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard, is that there is a sort of magic in the written word. The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands in the way of its own clarification. But this sort of obscurity merges very easily into the wilful. Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears. It is flattering to believe that they are too profound writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection. Here again the magic of the written word obtains. It is very easy to persuade oneself that a phrase that one does not quite understand may mean a great deal more than one realizes. From this there is only a little way to go to fall into the habit of setting down one's impressions in all their original vagueness. There is another form of wilful obscurity that masquerades as aristocratic exclusiveness. The author wraps his meaning in mystery so that the vulgar shall not participate in it. His soul is a secret garden into which the elect may penetrate only after overcoming a number of perilous obstacles. But this kind of obscurity is not only pretentious; it is also futile. For the sense is meager, and time reduces it to meaningless verbiage. 本文围绕 “作家写作晦涩的两种原因（疏忽与故意）” 展开，考博阅读高频考点：主旨大意、细节定位、词汇猜测、推理判断，侧重考查 “学术文本逻辑梳理” 和 “语义精准解读” 能力。
- 题干（同源考点）：What is the author's attitude towards wilful obscurity in writing?
- 答案：Critical and negative.
- 解析：
- 定位原文：“But this kind of obscurity is not only pretentious; it is also futile. For the sense is meager, and time reduces it to meaningless verbiage.”（这种故意晦涩不仅浮夸，而且徒劳。因其内涵匮乏，时间会将其简化为无意义的废话）。
- 态度判断：“pretentious（浮夸的）”“futile（徒劳的）”“meaningless（无意义的）” 均为否定性词汇，体现作者对 “故意晦涩写作” 的批判态度。
- 考博考点适配：此类题目需通过 “定位情感色彩词汇 + 梳理段落逻辑” 解题，符合博士阶段 “学术文本批判性解读” 能力要求。
Political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. Much of the naivete that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.
Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.
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The author's primary purpose in the passage is to______
- 答案：A. clarify the kinds of understanding an adolescent must have in order to develop a political ideology
- 解析：
- 主旨定位：首段指出青少年政治认知幼稚源于 “对制度惯例理解不完整”，而非 “缺乏事实”；第二段强调 “政治知识的重要性不可过度强调，需结合概念理解”。
- 选项排除：B. 反驳 “青少年可形成政治意识形态”（原文未否定，仅讨论认知条件）、C. 解释 “青少年对政治争论不感兴趣”（原文未提及）、D. 建议 “鼓励青少年形成政治意识形态的方法”（原文无建议，仅分析认知特点）均不符合主旨。
- 考博考点：主旨题需 “整合各段核心观点，排除细节干扰”，体现博士阶段 “学术文本主旨提炼” 能力。
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Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the author's discussion of the role of political knowledge?
- 答案：A. He acknowledges its importance, but then modifies his initial assertion of that importance.
- 解析：
- 结构梳理：首段承认 “政治知识是社会假设、关系和事实的认知”（肯定重要性）；第二段以 “Yet” 转折，指出 “不可过度强调其在青少年意识形态形成中的作用”（修正初始观点）。
- 选项排除：B. 始终否定重要性（与首段肯定矛盾）、C. 犹豫后反对（原文是 “修正” 而非 “反对”）、D. 先不判断后确认核心作用（与第二段 “修正” 矛盾）。
- 考博考点：段落结构题需 “识别逻辑连接词（Yet）+ 梳理观点变化”，符合博士阶段 “学术文本逻辑分析” 能力要求。
- Taking notes is one thing I've learned to do better from high school days.
- I used to losing interest in what I was doing and began doodling...
- ...or see what my signature would look like if I marry the cute guy in the second row.
- Now, however, I try not to let my mind wonder...
- In high school, my notes often look like something written in Arabics.
考博改错核心考点：语法错误（时态、固定搭配）、词汇错误（形近词、词性）、语义错误（逻辑），要求 “精准定位 + 规范修正”。
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from→since
语法错误（时态标志词）。解析：“have learned” 为现在完成时，需与 “since + 过去时间点” 搭配；“from” 仅表 “来源”，不表 “从过去持续到现在”，修正后符合 “现在完成时 + 时间标志词” 语法规则。
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losing→lose
固定搭配错误。解析：“used to do sth.” 为固定搭配，意为 “过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形；“losing” 为动名词，不符合搭配规则，修正后契合 “过去的习惯” 语义。
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see→seeing
平行结构错误。解析：“doodling, drawing...or seeing” 为并列结构，均需为动名词形式，与 “began” 搭配（begin doing sth.）；“see” 为动词原形，破坏平行结构，修正后保持语法一致。
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marry→married
虚拟语气错误。解析：“if” 引导虚拟条件句，表 “与现在事实相反的假设”，从句谓语需用过去式；“marry” 为原形，不符合虚拟语气规则，修正后契合 “假设结婚签名的样子” 语义。
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wonder→wander
形近词错误。解析：“let one's mind wander” 为固定表达，意为 “走神”；“wonder” 意为 “好奇、想知道”，语义不符，修正后符合 “记笔记时避免走神” 的语境。
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Arabics→Arabic
词汇错误（名词单复数）。解析：“Arabic” 作 “阿拉伯语” 讲时为不可数名词，无复数形式；“Arabics” 为错误形式，修正后符合 “用阿拉伯语书写” 的语义。
考博翻译侧重 “时政热点、学术文本” 单句 / 段落翻译，要求 “语义准确、表达规范、符合中英文表达习惯”，结合 2008 年真题特点及考博趋势，以同源时政句为例解析。
- 原文：“文化自信是更基础、更广泛、更深厚的自信，是一个国家、一个民族发展中最基本、最深沉、最持久的力量。”
- 高分译文：Cultural confidence is a more fundamental, extensive, and profound confidence, and it is the most basic, profound, and enduring force for the development of a country and a nation.
- 解析要点：
- 语义准确：“更基础、更广泛、更深厚” 译为 “more fundamental, extensive, and profound”，精准对应 “文化自信的本质特征”；“最基本、最深沉、最持久” 译为 “the most basic, profound, and enduring”，避免语义偏差。
- 句式规范：中文为并列结构，英文保持 “主系表 + and + 主系表” 结构，符合 “中英文句式转换” 考点，避免直译导致的冗长。
- 考博适配：时政类翻译需记忆固定译法（如 “文化自信 cultural confidence”），体现博士阶段 “时政热点语言转换” 能力。
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