1、有些人喜欢终身从事一种工作；
2、有些人喜欢经常更换工作；
3、你的看法。
答案解析：
In the dynamic 职场 (workplace), people hold diverse attitudes towards job-hopping. Some individuals prefer to stick to one job for their entire career. They believe that long-term engagement in a single position enables them to accumulate profound professional knowledge and rich experience, which helps them become experts in their field. Moreover, stable employment brings a sense of security, reducing the risks and pressures associated with job changes, such as adapting to new environments and building new interpersonal relationships.
In contrast, others are inclined to change jobs frequently. They argue that job-hopping provides more opportunities to explore different industries and positions, broadening their horizons and enhancing their comprehensive abilities. By working in various companies, they can learn different management models and working methods, which is conducive to personal growth and career development. Additionally, frequent job changes may lead to higher salaries and better career prospects.
From my perspective, job-hopping is neither inherently good nor bad; it depends on individual circumstances and career planning. For those who pursue depth and expertise in a specific field, a stable job is more suitable. For those who are eager to expand their capabilities and explore more possibilities, appropriate job-hopping can be beneficial. However, regardless of whether one chooses to stay or switch jobs, it is essential to have a clear career goal and make rational decisions based on personal strengths and market demands. Blind job-hopping will only bring negative impacts on career development.
- 结构清晰：严格按照大纲要求分段，第一段阐述 “终身从事一种工作” 的观点及理由，第二段说明 “经常更换工作” 的看法及依据，第三段提出个人观点，逻辑连贯，层次分明。
- 内容充实：每段均有具体理由支撑，如稳定工作的 “专业积累、安全感”，频繁换工作的 “拓展视野、提升能力、薪资提升”，个人观点结合不同人群需求分析，论据充分，贴合实际。
- 语言规范：
- 词汇丰富：使用 “diverse attitudes”“profound professional knowledge”“comprehensive abilities”“rational decisions” 等高级词汇，避免简单重复。
- 句式多样：运用定语从句（“which helps them become experts in their field”）、状语从句（“By working in various companies, they can learn...”）、并列句等，句式灵活，表达流畅。
- 语法正确：时态、语态使用准确，无语法错误，符合博士研究生英语写作的学术规范。
- 符合要求：字数满足至少 140 词，紧扣主题，论点明确，态度客观理性。
Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
A coeducational (男女合校的) school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature (缩影). Boys and girls are given the
1 to get to know each other, and to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of
2 ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical
3 it is to give just a small sample to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa! When
4, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its
5 place.
The greatest contribution of coeducation is
6 the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don't grow up believing that women are
7 creatures. Girls don't grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school remove illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and
8 problems involved in growing up. These can better be
9 in a coeducational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to
10 society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.
A. advantage B. proper C. rewarded D. emotional E. opportunity F. activity G. overcome H. academic I. enter J. mysterious K. eventually L. segregated M. undoubtedly N. principle O. advocate
答案解析：
- 答案选 E（opportunity）。
语境分析：句意为 “男女合校为孩子们提供了了解彼此、从小学习共同生活的机会”，“give the opportunity to do sth.” 为固定搭配，符合语义，故选 E。
- 答案选 H（academic）。
语境分析：空格后 “ability” 需形容词修饰，结合 “athletic achievement（体育成就）”“extracurricular activities（课外活动）”，此处应对应 “学术能力”，“academic ability” 为固定搭配，故选 H。
- 答案选 A（advantage）。
语境分析：句意为 “能上演一部男生扮演男性角色、女生扮演女性角色的校园剧，这是多么实际的优势啊！”，“practical advantage” 表示 “实际优势”，符合语境，故选 A。
- 答案选 L（segregated）。
语境分析：前文强调男女合校的好处，此处对比 “男女隔离” 的情况，“when segregated” 表示 “当被隔离时”，与后文 “a race apart（两个不同的群体）” 呼应，故选 L。
- 答案选 B（proper）。
语境分析：“fall into its proper place” 为固定表达，意为 “各归其位、井然有序”，句意为 “在男女合校中，一切都井然有序”，故选 B。
- 答案选 M（undoubtedly）。
语境分析：句意为 “男女合校最大的贡献无疑是它所倡导的健康生活态度”，此处需副词修饰整个表语从句，“undoubtedly”（无疑地）符合语义，故选 M。
- 答案选 J（mysterious）。
语境分析：结合后文 “Girls don't grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes”，此处对应男生对女性的认知，“mysterious creatures” 表示 “神秘的生物”，符合 “消除幻想” 的语境，故选 J。
- 答案选 D（emotional）。
语境分析：空格与 “physical（身体的）” 并列，修饰 “problems”，“emotional problems” 表示 “情感问题”，符合 “青春期成长问题” 的语义，故选 D。
- 答案选 G（overcome）。
语境分析：句意为 “这些问题在男女合校环境中能更好地被克服”，“be overcome” 表示 “被克服”，与 “problems” 搭配合理，故选 G。
- 答案选 I（enter）。
语境分析：句意为 “当学生毕业时，他们已做好充分准备，以适应良好的成年人身份进入社会”，“enter society” 表示 “进入社会”，为固定搭配，故选 I。
- When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, it can be hard for children to find a place to move them to an adult care facility.
- To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children's financial motives.
- Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.
- The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.
- Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.
- Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.
- If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreement, there are many people they can call on.
- Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed.
- One will have to petition the court to be the parent's legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.
- The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.
答案解析：
- 答案选 G。
定位依据：G 段 “But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for finding a place to move them into an adult care facility.”（但如果父母无法再安全地居家生活，孩子们很难找到合适的成人护理机构安置他们），与题干信息完全一致。
- 答案选 D。
定位依据：D 段 “it's not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives”（谈论长期护理并非易事，年迈的父母有时会怀疑子女的经济动机），与题干语义相符。
- 答案选 H。
定位依据：H 段 “it's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything”（这不仅仅是财务或医疗的提前规划，而是方方面面的事），结合前文 “Family caregivers take over many responsibilities”，与题干 “除了财务和医疗规划，护理者还承担许多其他责任” 一致。
- 答案选 C。
定位依据：C 段 “a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions... a health care proxy, which is similar... except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment”（持久授权委托书赋予他人财务决策权限，医疗授权委托书类似，但允许他人做医疗决策），明确两者差异，与题干一致。
- 答案选 A。
定位依据：A 段 “The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that... she has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother.”（医院建议送母亲去养老院，巴尔多基不愿意，但她背痛难以照顾母亲），与题干信息完全匹配。
- 答案选 B。
定位依据：B 段 “More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey.”（2009 年调查显示，超 4200 万美国人为需要日常协助的成年人提供家庭护理），与题干一致。
- 答案选 D。
定位依据：D 段 “Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder law attorneys, financial planners...”（需要信息和帮助解决分歧的家庭可以咨询老年法律律师、财务规划师等），与题干 “有许多人可以求助” 相符。
- 答案选 I。
定位依据：I 段 “Caregivers need to also watch their own health. 'There is such a thing as caregiver burnout,'... 20% reported symptoms of depression”（护理者需关注自身健康，存在护理倦怠，20% 有抑郁症状），与题干一致。
- 答案选 C。
定位依据：C 段 “Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian”（无预先医疗指示，家庭需向法院申请成为父母的法定监护人），与题干一致。
- 答案选 F。
定位依据：F 段 “The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135... Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid.”（2011 年全国辅助生活中位成本为 39135 美元，且不被医疗补助覆盖），与题干完全一致。
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.
-
What does the author mean by using the underlined word "eventually" in Para 1?
A. That music historians used the term "Renaissance" after the other historians did
B. That most music historians used the term "Renaissance"
C. The term "Renaissance" became widely used by art historians but not by music historians
D. That music historians used the term "Renaissance" very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet
答案解析：
答案选 A。
定位依据：第一段 “It was first used... by Jules Michelet... then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians”（该词首先由历史学家朱尔斯・米什莱使用，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家采用，最终被音乐历史学家采用）。
选项分析：“eventually” 体现时间顺序，即音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用该术语，A 项正确；B 项 “大多数音乐历史学家使用”、C 项 “艺术历史学家广泛使用而音乐历史学家不使用” 与原文矛盾；D 项 “使用方式不同” 原文未提及，错误。
-
The underlined phrase "frowned on" in Para 1 most probably means________.
A. given up B. forgotten about C. argued about D. disapproved of
答案解析：
答案选 D。
定位依据：第一段 “expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on”（表达人类全部情感、享受感官乐趣不再被 frowned on），结合前文 “回归人文主义，人生价值实现成为目标”，可知此处为 “不再被反对”。
选项分析：A 项 “放弃”、B 项 “忘记”、C 项 “争论” 均不符合语境；D 项 “不赞成、反对” 正确。
-
It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance artists and writers were interested in________.
A. communication among artists across Europe
B. spirituality in everyday life
C. a cultural emphasis on human values
D. religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes
答案解析：
答案选 C。
定位依据：第一段 “To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal”（对学者而言，这意味着回归人文主义，人生价值实现成为理想目标）。
选项分析：A 项 “艺术家跨欧交流” 原文未提及；B 项 “日常生活中的灵性” 与 “人文主义” 不符；C 项 “文化强调人文价值” 与 “回归人文、人生价值” 一致，正确；D 项 “宗教主题伴随传统世俗主题”，原文仅说 “转向宗教主题”，未提及 “伴随世俗主题”，错误。
-
According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?
A. It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.
B. It had little emotional impact on audiences.
C. It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.
D. It did not contain enough religious themes.
答案解析：
答案选 B。
定位依据：第二段 “They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time”（他们了解到古代音乐打动听众的力量，疑惑为何现代音乐没有同样效果，例如伯纳德 ino・西里洛对当时的学术音乐表示失望）。
选项分析：B 项 “对听众几乎没有情感影响” 与 “没有打动听众的力量” 一致，正确；A 项 “不够复杂”、C 项 “过度依赖当时的艺术文学”、D 项 “宗教主题不足” 原文均未提及，错误。
-
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?
A. The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.
B. The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.
C. Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.
D. During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.
答案解析：
答案选 D。
定位依据：第三段 “Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style”（此外，这一个半世纪里音乐变化迅速，尽管各国速度不同，因此无法定义单一的文艺复兴风格）。
选项分析：D 项 “文艺复兴时期音乐从未长期保持不变” 与 “变化迅速” 一致，正确；A 项 “由技巧而非风格定义” 与原文 “更像是文化运动和心态，而非特定技巧” 矛盾；B 项 “时间太短”，原文提及 “150 年”，并非 “太短”；C 项 “采用希腊和罗马风格” 原文未提及，错误。
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare's time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own language. The purposes for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination (传播) of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological development in the West.
-
There are about 260 million people who can speak________.
A. English in its regional variety B. English in its standard variety
C. English as a second language D. English as a native language
答案解析：
答案选 D。
定位依据：第一段 “Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language”（如今估计约 2.6 亿人将其作为母语使用），与 D 项完全一致。
选项分析：A 项 “地区变体英语”、B 项 “标准变体英语”、C 项 “第二语言英语” 均与原文 “母语” 不符，错误。
-
According to this passage, the English language might be used________.
A. for only one reason that English is becoming an international language
B. mainly by people from the American continent and the European continent
C. as an official language in an international conference on American culture
D. in science and technology as well as in cultural and artistic works
答案解析：
答案选 C。
定位依据：第三段 “It is widely used for such purposes as... international conferences”（英语广泛用于国际会议等场合），国际会议通常会将英语作为官方语言，C 项符合语境。
选项分析：A 项 “仅因成为国际语言这一个原因”，原文提及 “多种用途”，错误；B 项 “主要由美洲和欧洲大陆的人使用”，原文提及母语使用者分布在美、加、英、澳等多地，并非 “主要” 美洲和欧洲，错误；D 项 “用于科技及文化艺术作品”，原文仅说 “科技等领域的重要作品”，未提及 “文化艺术作品”，错误。
-
The author seems to be wondering________.
A. what makes up one's adequate working knowledge of English
B. why English can serve so many needs of various people
C. how to relate the technological revolution to the spread of English
D. when English became so widely used
答案解析：
答案选 A。
定位依据：第二段 “it is difficult to define and assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation”（难以定义和评估每种情况下 “足够的实用英语水平” 是什么），体现作者的疑惑。
选项分析：A 项 “什么构成足够的实用英语水平” 与原文一致，正确；B 项 “为何英语能满足多种需求”，原文解释了 “作为世界语言的重要性”，并非 “疑惑”；C 项 “科技革命与英语传播的关系”、D 项 “英语何时广泛使用” 原文未提及，错误。
-
"these countries" (Para. 3) most probably refers to________.
A. the developing countries which used to be colonies
B. the former British colonies which now are developing
C. the colonized countries which become as strong as Britain
D. the developing countries which are still colonized by Britain
答案解析：
答案选 B。
定位依据：第三段 “It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries...”（英语是许多发展中国家的通用语言，尤其是前英国殖民地，这些国家中许多……），“these countries” 指代前文 “发展中的前英国殖民地”。
选项分析：B 项 “现在是发展中国家的前英国殖民地” 正确；A 项 “曾是殖民地的发展中国家” 未强调 “前英国殖民地”；C 项 “变得和英国一样强的殖民地国家”、D 项 “仍被英国殖民的发展中国家” 与原文 “前殖民地”“发展中国家” 不符，错误。
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A common language is necessary for a multilingual population to________.
A. for both internal and international communications
B. for access to the development in other countries
C. for higher efficiency of the government and better life of the people
D. for wider communications among colonial nations
答案解析：
答案选 A。
定位依据：第三段 “Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication... as well as for international communication”（这些国家多为多语言人口，需要一种语言用于国内交流以及国际交流）。
选项分析：A 项 “用于国内和国际交流” 与原文一致，正确；B 项 “获取其他国家的发展成果”、C 项 “提高政府效率和人民生活水平”、D 项 “殖民国家间的广泛交流” 均未全面涵盖 “国内 + 国际”，错误。
略。。。。。。
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