Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
- A. Peter doesn't like French food.
B. Peter likes French food.
C. Peter likes to be polite.
D. Peter doesn't necessarily like French food.
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
- At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly ______ to another subject.
A. switched B. committed C. conveyed D. transmitted
Directions: There are 2 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE you think is the best answer. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild—and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
- Which of the following statements about early humans is expressed in the passage?
A. They probably had extensive knowledge of plants.
B. They thought there was no need to cultivate crops.
C. They did not enjoy the study of botany.
D. They placed great importance on the ownership of property.
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese (15%)
(56) The disparity illustrates the slightly dirty little secret of the world's most amazing industry. As the Information Age economy booms, the gap between the nation's poorest and richest workers is widening and in part because of it.
61、计算机是我们有过的使用最广泛的机器。
Directions: For this part you are required to write a composition of no less than 150 words on the following topic:
The Importance of Education
答案：D
详解：本题需通过对话隐含逻辑判断 Peter 对法国菜的态度。若对话中未明确体现 Peter “喜欢” 或 “不喜欢”，仅能推断其态度非绝对化。A、B 选项均为绝对化表述，不符合语境；C 选项 “喜欢有礼貌” 与题干 “法国菜” 主题无关，属于无关干扰项。D 选项 “Peter 不一定喜欢法国菜” 既符合对话未明确表态的隐含逻辑，又体现了态度的不确定性，为最优答案。从考博听力命题规律来看，此类题常考查对 “非绝对化态度” 的把握，需警惕绝对化选项的误导。
答案：A
详解：本题考查动词词义辨析及语境搭配。A 选项 “switched” 意为 “转换、转变”，常用搭配 “switch to sth.”，表示 “转向某事物”，符合题干中 “演讲中途转向另一个主题” 的语境；B 选项 “committed” 意为 “承诺、犯（错）”，搭配 “commit to sth.”（承诺做某事），与 “主题转换” 无关；C 选项 “conveyed” 意为 “传达、传递”，侧重 “传递信息、情感”，无法与 “subject” 搭配表示 “转向主题”；D 选项 “transmitted” 意为 “传输、传播”，多用于信号、数据等的传递，不符合语境。从考博词汇命题特点来看，此类题常考查动词与介词的固定搭配及语境适配性，需重点积累高频动词的搭配及语义差异。
答案：A
详解：本题考查对文章细节的推理判断。根据文章第一段第三句 “from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient”，可推断早期人类（石器时代祖先）可能拥有丰富的植物知识，A 选项符合文意；B 选项 “他们认为无需种植作物” 与文章第二段 “发现谷物可收割种植” 的内容矛盾；C 选项 “不喜欢植物学研究” 在文中无依据，文中仅提及原始部落未将植物学视为独立知识分支，未涉及 “是否喜欢”；D 选项 “重视财产所有权” 属于无关信息，文章未提及财产相关内容。考博阅读细节题需紧扣原文定位句，排除矛盾项、无依据项和无关项，同时注意推理的合理性，避免过度解读。
答案：这种差距揭示了这个全球最令人惊叹行业中一个略显不光彩的小秘密。随着信息时代经济的蓬勃发展，该国最贫困劳动者与最富裕劳动者之间的差距正在不断扩大，而这在一定程度上正是拜其所赐。
详解：翻译需兼顾 “准确性、完整性和流畅性”，符合考博翻译 “忠实原文 + 符合中文表达习惯” 的评分标准。“disparity” 译为 “差距”，比 “差异” 更贴合 “贫富差距” 的语境；“slightly dirty little secret” 译为 “略显不光彩的小秘密”，既保留原文的委婉语气，又准确传达 “不光彩” 的隐含含义；“in part because of it” 译为 “而这在一定程度上正是拜其所赐”，通过 “拜其所赐” 的反讽语气贴合原文隐含的批判意味，比直译 “部分原因是它” 更生动。从考博翻译高分技巧来看，需注意对隐含语气、文化内涵的准确传达，避免直译导致的生硬晦涩。
答案：The computer is the most widely used machine we have ever had.
详解：翻译需满足 “语法正确、语义准确、表达地道” 的要求。“使用最广泛的” 译为 “the most widely used”，“widely” 修饰 “used”，符合副词修饰过去分词的语法规则；“我们有过的” 译为 “we have ever had”，用现在完成时体现 “从过去到现在” 的时间范围，比一般过去时 “we had” 更准确；句子主干采用 “主系表” 结构，简洁清晰，符合英文表达习惯。考博汉译英需注意时态、形容词最高级的正确使用，同时保证表达的地道性，避免中式英语结构。
参考范文：
Education is the cornerstone of individual development and social progress, playing an irreplaceable role in shaping the future of both individuals and nations. For individuals, education is not merely the acquisition of knowledge, but the cultivation of critical thinking, problem-solving abilities and moral values. It equips people with the skills to adapt to a rapidly changing society, opens up broader career prospects, and enables them to pursue a meaningful and fulfilling life. A well-educated person is more likely to have a profound understanding of the world, make rational decisions, and contribute positively to their communities.
For nations, education is the driving force behind economic growth and cultural prosperity. High-quality education cultivates a large number of professionals and innovators, who inject vitality into scientific research, technological innovation and industrial development. It also promotes social equity by providing equal opportunities for individuals from different backgrounds to realize their potential, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor. Moreover, education inherits and promotes national culture, passing on traditional values and spiritual wealth from generation to generation, which helps to enhance national identity and cohesion.
In the era of globalization and technological revolution, the importance of education has become even more prominent. It is essential for individuals to pursue lifelong learning through education to keep pace with the times. For governments, investing in education is the most valuable investment in the future. Only by attaching great importance to education can we cultivate outstanding talents, promote social progress, and build a brighter future for humanity.
范文解析：
- 结构清晰：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，首段点明教育对个人和国家的核心意义，中间两段分别从个人和国家层面展开论述，尾段总结升华，符合考博写作 “逻辑严谨” 的要求。
- 内容深刻：不仅阐述教育的表层作用（获取知识、推动经济），还深入分析其深层价值（培养思维能力、促进社会公平、传承文化），体现博士研究生的思辨能力。
- 语言地道：运用 “cornerstone, inject vitality into, cohesion, lifelong learning” 等高频学术词汇，搭配 “not merely...but..., only by...can...” 等复杂句式，避免简单句堆砌，符合考博写作 “语言规范、表达精准” 的评分标准。
- 论点明确：每个段落围绕核心论点展开，论据充分，如 “教育培养创新人才推动科技发展”“教育提供平等机会缩小贫富差距” 等，增强文章说服力。
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