Directions: Choose the best word for each blank in the passage.
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It came 2 his mind that he could shoot it and end its pain, and he raised the gun. Then he lowered 3 again.
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A. through B. into C. on D. over
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A. which B. this C. it D. one
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Proudly stepping the earth, 19 a pretty white tail, it had sniffed the cold morning air.
A. frisk B. frisked C. frisking D. had frisked
Directions: Choose the best answer for each question after the passage.
From the perspective of the poor, it seems obvious that the benefits would outweigh the costs. The benefits to poor people of no longer being poor would be enormous. Their intake of protein and other nutrition would increase their choice of housing and the quality of the housing they select would improve. Crimes related to poverty (that the poor generally commit against each other), murder, rape, robbery, burglary, child abuse, spouse abuse, and drug-related crimes would probably decrease.
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Which one of the following is usually viewed as a crime related to poverty?
A. A rich businessman humiliates his poor fellow for not working hard.
B. A worker beats a gentleman for his staring at his beautiful wife.
C. A poor man murders another poor one just for his money.
D. A president of a company sends a spy to another company to steal some information.
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It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.
A. the benefits excel definitely the costs from the perspective of the poor.
B. the costs excel the benefits definitely from the perspective of the poor.
C. the benefits to poor people of no longer being poor would be enormous.
D. the benefits excel the costs is not absolute.
Directions: Translate the following underlined part from Chinese into English.
- “地球一小时” 于去年在澳大利亚最大的城市悉尼（Sydney）首次举行。当时全市约有 220 万居民集体熄灯，没有灯光的悉尼歌剧院沐浴在月光里，海湾大桥（Harbour Bridge）也熄灯响应。
Directions: Write about 200 words on the topic “To what extent is the use of animals in scientific research acceptable”.
答案：B
详解：本题考查固定搭配与语义衔接，核心需匹配 “想法突然出现” 的语境。
- 固定搭配解析：“come into one’s mind” 为固定短语，意为 “某人突然想到”，符合 “他突然想到可以开枪结束雄鹿的痛苦” 的语义；
- 选项排除：
- A. through：“come through” 意为 “经历；成功通过”，与 “想法” 搭配不当；
- C. on：“come on” 意为 “加油；快点”，语义无关；
- D. over：“come over” 意为 “顺便来访；产生某种感觉”，无法表达 “突然想到”。
答案：C
详解：本题考查代词指代，核心需明确指代对象。
- 指代逻辑分析：前文提及 “he raised the gun”，此处 “lowered” 的对象应为前文的 “the gun”，需用代词 “it” 指代前文出现的单数可数名词；
- 选项排除：
- A. which：为关系代词，需引导定语从句，此处无从句结构；
- B. this：指代 “近指的事物”，此处需指代前文已提及的 “枪”，而非新出现的事物；
- D. one：指代 “同类事物中的一个”，此处需特指前文的 “那把枪”，而非任意一把枪。
答案：C
详解：本题考查非谓语动词，核心需分析动词与逻辑主语的关系。
- 语法逻辑分析：句子主语为 “it”（指代雄鹿），“frisk”（蹦跳）与主语之间为主动关系，需用现在分词 “frisking” 作伴随状语，描述雄鹿 “骄傲地踏在地上，摇着漂亮的白尾巴” 的状态；
- 选项排除：
- A. frisk：动词原形不能作状语；
- B. frisked：过去分词表被动，与主语逻辑关系不符；
- D. had frisked：过去完成时需作谓语，此处需非谓语形式。
答案：C
详解：本题考查细节理解题，需定位 “与贫困相关的犯罪” 的定义。
- 原文定位与分析：第一段明确指出 “与贫困相关的犯罪是穷人之间相互实施的犯罪”，选项 C “穷人因钱谋杀另一个穷人” 符合 “穷人之间、与贫困相关” 的核心特征；
- 选项排除：
- A. 富人羞辱穷人：并非犯罪，且主体为富人，与 “穷人之间” 不符；
- B. 工人殴打绅士：与贫困无关，是个人冲突；
- D. 公司总裁派间谍：属于商业犯罪，与贫困无关。
答案：D
详解：本题考查推理判断题，需结合段落逻辑判断选项正误。
- 原文定位与分析：第一段首句 “从穷人的角度看，好处似乎大于成本” 中 “seems obvious” 表明这是主观感受，而非绝对事实；后文仅提及 “摆脱贫困的好处巨大”，未否定 “成本可能存在”，因此 “好处绝对大于成本” 不成立，即 “好处大于成本并非绝对”；
- 选项排除：
- A. “definitely” 表述绝对，与原文 “seems obvious” 不符；
- B. “成本绝对大于好处” 与原文 “好处巨大” 矛盾；
- C. 是原文直接陈述的事实，无需 “推断”，题干要求 “inferred”，故排除。
答案：
"Earth Hour" was first held last year in Sydney, Australia's largest city. At that time, about 2.2 million residents across the city turned off their lights collectively. The Sydney Opera House, deprived of lights, was bathed in moonlight, and the Harbour Bridge also turned off its lights in response.
详解：
- 专有名词与数字精准翻译：
- “地球一小时” 固定译为 “Earth Hour”（国际通用名称）；“220 万居民” 译为 “2.2 million residents”，避免直译 “2,200,000” 的繁琐；
- “悉尼歌剧院”“海湾大桥” 采用官方译名 “Sydney Opera House”“Harbour Bridge”，符合国际惯例。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接：
原文为三个分句，翻译时调整为 “主句 + 状语从句 + 并列句” 结构，用 “At that time” 衔接时间，“and” 连接 “悉尼歌剧院” 与 “海湾大桥” 的动作，逻辑清晰；
- “没有灯光的悉尼歌剧院” 译为 “deprived of lights, was bathed in moonlight”，用过去分词短语作后置定语，比直译 “the Sydney Opera House without lights” 更简洁流畅。
- 语义完整还原：
“集体熄灯” 译为 “turned off their lights collectively”，“响应” 译为 “in response”，准确传递 “居民与建筑共同参与熄灯活动” 的语义。
参考范文
The Acceptability of Using Animals in Scientific Research
The use of animals in scientific research has long been a controversial topic. From my perspective, it is acceptable to a certain extent, provided that strict ethical standards are followed.
Firstly, animals play an irreplaceable role in medical and biological research. Many life-saving drugs and treatments, such as vaccines for infectious diseases and therapies for cancer, were developed through animal experiments. Animals share similar biological structures with humans, making them effective models to test the safety and efficacy of new medical approaches. Without animal research, the progress of medical science would be severely hindered.
Secondly, ethical constraints are essential to limit abuse. Researchers must adhere to principles such as minimizing animal suffering, using alternative methods when possible, and obtaining ethical approval before experiments. For example, anesthesia should be used to reduce pain, and redundant experiments should be avoided. These measures ensure that animal research is conducted humanely.
However, animal research should not be unrestricted. As technology advances, alternative methods like cell cultures and computer simulations should be promoted to reduce reliance on animals. In conclusion, animal research is acceptable for the sake of human health and scientific progress, but it must be guided by strict ethics and continuous technological innovation.
范文详解：
- 结构清晰，论点明确：开篇提出 “有条件接受动物实验” 的核心观点，中间从 “科学价值” 和 “伦理约束” 两方面论证，结尾补充 “替代方法” 的重要性，逻辑闭环；
- 语言规范，符合学术写作要求：使用 “provided that”“essential”“promoted” 等学术词汇，句式多样（如状语从句、非谓语结构），符合博士英语写作的语言标准；
- 论证充分，结合实例：提及 “疫苗研发”“麻醉使用” 等具体案例，增强说服力，且篇幅控制在 200 词左右，符合要求。
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