Directions: Choose the best answer for each blank in the passage.
The majority of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed 6 until recently, people who were left-handed were considered 7 and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally 8 but it still a disadvantage in a world 9 most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements are still 10 for right-handed people.
- A. Down B. Never C. Up D. Not
- A. unique B. eccentric C. normal D. abnormal
Directions: Choose the best answer for each question after the passage.
Let's begin to investigate the characteristics of your memory system as it now operates. You may be surprised to discover that there is already more to your memory system than you realize. Scientific investigations of memory and how it works have turned up the fact that each of us actually has three completely different types of memory. These memory systems are called immediate memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Each of these keeps, and loses information differently. In addition, the time of information within each system varies. Consequently, each is used for different purposes and we must learn how to use each most effectively. Whenever something is to be remembered for only a short period, it can go into short-memory, if it is to be used immediately, immediate memory is where it belongs.
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Of all the memory systems, ______.
A. short-term memory is the most useful
B. immediate memory is the least studied
C. immediate memory is the least useful
D. long-term memory is the most important
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What is the most important for successful recall from long-term memory?
A. The nature of the information remembered.
B. The original organization of information in memory.
C. The time during which information is kept in memory.
D. The place where it was originally remembered.
Directions: Translate the underlined sentences from English into Chinese.
(1) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
Directions: Write an essay in about 250 words with the title "Economic Development and Environmental Protection".
答案：C
详解：本题考查固定短语搭配，核心需匹配 “时间范围” 的语境。
- 固定短语解析：“up until” 为固定表达，意为 “一直到…… 为止”，符合 “一直到不久前，左撇子仍被认为不正常” 的语义；
- 选项排除：
- A. Down：无 “down until” 的搭配，语义不通；
- B. Never：“never until” 强调 “从未…… 直到……”，与后文 “左撇子被强迫用右手” 的客观事实矛盾；
- D. Not：“not until” 意为 “直到…… 才”，侧重 “动作的起始时间”，如 “Not until midnight did he go home”，此处需表达 “在某段时间内的状态”，而非 “动作起始”，故排除。
答案：D
详解：本题考查形容词词义辨析，核心需结合 “过去对左撇子的态度” 判断。
- 选项语义解析：
- A. unique（独特的）：侧重 “与众不同但无贬义”，如 “a unique style”，无法体现过去对左撇子的否定态度；
- B. eccentric（古怪的）：强调 “行为举止反常”，多形容人，不用于描述 “用手习惯”；
- C. normal（正常的）：与后文 “被强迫改用右手” 的逻辑矛盾；
- D. abnormal（反常的）：指 “不符合常规、偏离正常状态”，准确匹配 “过去人们认为左撇子不正常” 的语境，符合语义。
答案：B
详解：本题考查细节理解，核心需定位原文对三种记忆系统的描述。
- 原文定位与分析：第二段明确指出 “Immediate memory is probably the least understood and the most frequently overlooked of all three memory systems”，“least understood” 与选项 B “least studied”（最少被研究）语义一致；
- 选项排除：
- A. “最有用”、C. “最无用”：原文未对三种记忆系统的 “有用性” 进行比较，无依据；
- D. “最重要”：原文强调三种记忆系统 “各有不同用途”，未判定 “长期记忆最重要”，排除。
答案：B
详解：本题考查细节理解，核心需抓取 “长期记忆回忆成功的关键因素”。
- 原文定位与分析：最后一段指出 “the way in which we originally organize information coming into long-term memory is more important to its later recall than anything we can do at the actual time of recall”，明确 “最初对信息的组织方式” 是长期记忆回忆成功的关键，与选项 B 一致；
- 选项排除：
- A. 信息的性质、C. 信息存储时间、D. 信息最初记忆的地点：原文均未提及，属于无中生有，排除。
答案：
事实上并非如此，因为这种问法假定人们对人权有着共识，而这种共识在世界上并不存在。
详解：
- 句式拆解与还原：
原文为复合句，“because” 引导原因状语从句，从句内嵌套 “that” 引导的宾语从句和 “which” 引导的非限定性定语从句。翻译时拆分句式，将 “which is something the world does not have” 译为独立分句 “而这种共识在世界上并不存在”，避免直译导致的冗长；
- 关键词精准翻译：
- “agreed account” 译为 “共识”，而非字面义 “一致的描述”，符合语境；
- “human rights” 固定译为 “人权”，符合学术翻译规范；
- 语义逻辑衔接：
保留 “actually, it isn't” 的转折语气，译为 “事实上并非如此”，使前后语义连贯，准确传递 “这种问法存在前提漏洞” 的核心含义。
参考范文
Economic Development and Environmental Protection
Economic development and environmental protection have long been regarded as a pair of contradictions. With the rapid growth of the economy, problems such as resource exhaustion and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, as exemplified by the Jilin chemical plant explosion that severely polluted the Songhua River, leaving residents without clean water. However, the two are not mutually exclusive; achieving a balance is both necessary and feasible.
Firstly, environmental protection is the foundation of sustainable economic development. A damaged environment will inevitably restrict economic growth—polluted water and air harm human health, reduce labor productivity, and increase environmental governance costs. For instance, excessive deforestation leads to soil erosion and floods, disrupting agricultural and industrial production. Secondly, economic development provides support for environmental protection. Advanced technology and sufficient funds from economic growth can promote the development of clean energy and pollution control technologies, such as solar power and wastewater treatment systems.
To balance the two, governments should formulate strict environmental protection policies and strengthen supervision to prevent enterprises from pursuing profits at the cost of pollution. Enterprises should increase investment in green technology and promote circular economy models. Individuals should also enhance environmental awareness and adopt low-carbon lifestyles. In conclusion, only by integrating environmental protection into economic development can we achieve long-term and sustainable progress.
范文详解：
- 结构清晰，论点明确：开篇用案例引出 “经济发展与环境保护并非对立” 的核心观点，中间从 “环保是经济可持续发展的基础”“经济发展为环保提供支撑” 两方面论证，结尾提出具体措施并总结升华；
- 论证充分，结合实例：引用 “吉林化工厂爆炸污染松花江”“过度砍伐导致水土流失” 等案例，增强说服力，符合博士写作 “理论结合实际” 的要求；
- 语言规范，逻辑严谨：使用 “mutually exclusive”“sustainable development”“circular economy” 等学术词汇，句式多样（如定语从句、状语从句），逻辑连接词（firstly, secondly, in conclusion）清晰，篇幅控制在 250 词左右。
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