2026 年吉首大学考博真题样题

本文以吉首大学 2020 年考博英语真题为例，作为 2026 年考博真题的样题参考。本校所有年份考博真题均配备高分答案详解，能为考生备考提供精准指导。如需获取最近年份以及更多、更详细的吉首大学英语、专业课考博真题，可登录考博信息网（http://www.kaoboinfo.com/）查询下载，也可直接访问本校历年考博真题下载专用页面（http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2792221.html）获取资源。

2020 年吉首大学考博英语真题（节选）

Part I Reading Comprehension (30 分，每小题 2 分)

Section A Multiple Choices

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

One of the most important periods in Greek history was the Hellenistic Age which began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., and lasted almost 200 years. It was during this time in history that Greek ideas and Greek culture spread into Egypt and throughout the Near East. During the Hellenistic Age, there were great advances made in such areas as philosophy, science, religion, art and social justice. Important discoveries were made in the sciences. Social reformers attempted to abolish debt and institute a program of land redistribution among the poor but met with little success. Women achieved a better social standing and among the middle class education became widespread.

Peace of mind was the great concern of the philosophers of the Hellenistic Age. The Stoics insisted that happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his control and, at the same time, did his duty. The Epicureans advocated the idea that moderation in pleasure and the avoidance of pain produced the desired result. The Cynics turned away from all desires and maintained a pursuit of virtue.

During the Hellenistic Age, the area of Greek influence included such political powers as the Ptolemies of Egypt, the Seleucids of Syria, and the Antigonids of Macedon, and it was fighting against each other and among themselves that made the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer Greece and most of the Hellenistic world in the 100's B.C.

According to the passage, which statement is most likely to be true?
A) A Cynic would seek a life of comfort and ease.
B) A Stoic would try to do what was expected of him.
C) An Epicurean would enjoy a hard fight.
D) A Stoic would attempt to win over nature.
The Roman conquest of the Hellenistic world was helped greatly by the
A) divisions existing among its political factions
B) inability of its philosophers to work together
C) conflict between its several religious groups
D) lack of agreement on its necessary social reforms

Part II Translation (40 分，每小节 10 分)

Section A Sentence Translation from English into Chinese

(16) The golden age ended with the advent of World War I.

Part III Writing (30 分)

2020 年吉首大学考博英语真题（节选）高分答案详解

Part I Reading Comprehension

Passage One - 第 1 题

答案：B

详解：本题考查对希腊化时代不同哲学流派核心主张的深度理解与匹配，需精准对应各学派观点与选项逻辑。

学派主张定位与分析：
- 犬儒学派（Cynics）：原文明确提及 “turned away from all desires and maintained a pursuit of virtue”（摒弃所有欲望，追求美德），选项 A “追求舒适安逸的生活” 与核心主张完全相悖，排除；
- 斯多葛学派（Stoics）：强调 “happiness could be achieved when man learned to accept the events which were beyond his control and, at the same time, did his duty”（接受无法控制的事，同时尽到自身责任，即可获得幸福）。“did his duty” 本质是 “履行他人或社会对自己的期待与责任”，与选项 B “努力做他人期待的事” 高度契合，符合逻辑；
- 伊壁鸠鲁学派（Epicureans）：核心是 “moderation in pleasure and the avoidance of pain”（适度享乐、避免痛苦），选项 C “享受艰苦斗争” 与 “避免痛苦” 的主张冲突，排除；
- 斯多葛学派主张 “接受无法控制的事”，而非 “战胜自然”，选项 D 与该学派理念相反，排除。

Passage One - 第 2 题

答案：A

详解：本题考查罗马征服希腊化世界的关键助力因素，需锁定原文因果关系表述，排除无依据干扰项。

原文定位与逻辑分析：
原文第三段明确指出 “the area of Greek influence included such political powers as the Ptolemies of Egypt, the Seleucids of Syria, and the Antigonids of Macedon, and it was fighting against each other and among themselves that made the way for the aggressive Romans to conquer...”（希腊影响范围内的埃及托勒密王朝、叙利亚塞琉古王朝、马其顿安提柯王朝等政治势力相互征战，为罗马人的征服铺平了道路）。选项 A “政治派系间的分裂” 与 “相互征战” 直接对应，是罗马征服的核心助力，符合文意；
干扰项排除：
原文未提及 “哲学家无法合作”（B）、“宗教群体冲突”（C）、“社会改革意见分歧”（D）与罗马征服的关联，均属于无中生有，排除。

Part II Translation

Section A - 第 16 题

答案：这个黄金时代随着第一次世界大战的到来而终结。

详解：本题考查历史语境下的句子翻译，需兼顾词汇精准性与句式流畅性，还原原文正式基调。

词汇深度解析：
- “the golden age” 结合前文 “19 世纪是圣彼得堡富裕阶层的黄金时代”，译为 “黄金时代”，保留文化内涵与历史语境；
- “advent” 意为 “到来、出现”，比 “开始” 更具书面语色彩，契合原文历史论述的正式风格；
- “World War I” 标准译为 “第一次世界大战”，避免 “一战” 等口语化表达，符合学术翻译规范。
句式优化：
原文为简单句 “主语 + 谓语 + 状语” 结构，译文采用 “随着…… 而……” 的中文常用表达，调整语序后逻辑更清晰，避免直译导致的生硬感，同时完整传递 “黄金时代终结与一战到来的因果关系”。

Part III Writing

略

如需获取吉首大学最近年份以及更多、更详细的英语、专业课考博真题，可登录考博信息网（http://www.kaoboinfo.com/）查询下载，也可访问本校历年考博真题下载专用页面（http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2792221.html）获取精准、有效的备考资料，所有真题均配备高分答案详解，助力考生高效备考，顺利通过考博考试。