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When the eye of the hurricane passed over there was a lull in the storm.
A. fresh outburst
B. calm interval
C. rise in the wind
D. freshening
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The rock was poised on the edge of the cliff.
A. balanced
B. dangling
C. enhanced
D. perpendicular
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答案：B
- 解题思路：首先分析题干中核心词 “lull” 的语境含义。句意为 “当飓风眼经过时，风暴出现了一段‘lull’”。结合飓风活动规律，飓风眼区域因气流下沉，通常是风暴中的短暂平静期，因此 “lull” 在此处应表示 “暂时的平静”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “fresh outburst”（新的爆发）与 “飓风眼带来的平静” 相悖，排除；
- B 选项 “calm interval”（平静的间歇）精准匹配 “lull” 在风暴语境中的 “短暂平静” 含义，正确；
- C 选项 “rise in the wind”（风力增强）和 D 选项 “freshening”（风力加大）均表示风暴加剧，与题干逻辑相反，排除。
- 知识扩展：“lull” 为考博英语高频多义词，除 “风暴中的平静期” 外，还可表示 “活动、声音的暂时中止”，如 “a lull in conversation”（谈话的间歇）。考生需结合语境区分多义词含义，同时积累气象类相关词汇（如 hurricane eye 飓风眼、outburst 爆发、freshening 风力增强），这类词汇常出现在科普类阅读文本中，是考博英语的重要考查方向。
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答案：A
- 解题思路：题干描述 “岩石在悬崖边缘处于‘poised’状态”，结合物理场景，悬崖边缘的岩石若未坠落，应处于 “平衡、悬而未坠但稳定” 的状态。需从选项中筛选符合 “平衡” 含义的词。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “balanced”（平衡的）符合 “岩石在悬崖边缘稳定放置” 的语境，正确；
- B 选项 “dangling”（悬挂的、摇晃的）强调 “无支撑且不稳定”，与 “poised” 隐含的 “暂时稳定” 不符，排除；
- C 选项 “enhanced”（增强的、强化的）与 “岩石在悬崖边缘的状态” 无关，排除；
- D 选项 “perpendicular”（垂直的）描述的是方向，而非 “稳定状态”，排除。
- 知识扩展：“poised” 在考博英语中常考两层含义：一是 “（物体）平衡的、悬而未坠的”，二是 “（人）镇定的、从容的”（如 “she remained poised under pressure”）。考生需通过语境判断其具体含义，同时注意区分 “balanced”（强调静态平衡）与 “dangling”（强调动态不稳定）的语义差异，这类近义词辨析是词汇题的高频考点。
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It was clear to the judge that the witness' testimony had no ______ to the case.
A. relevance
B. relation
C. reliance
D. release
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To the surprise of the bank manager, the man who ______ a successful business turned out to be illiterate.
A. carried on
B. carried down
C. carried away
D. carried through
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答案：A
- 解题思路：题干意为 “法官明确表示，证人的证词与案件无______”，核心考查 “与…… 相关” 的固定搭配。结合法律语境，“证词与案件的关联性” 是常用表达，需筛选能与 “to” 搭配且表示 “关联” 的名词。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “relevance”（相关性），固定搭配 “have relevance to”（与…… 相关），符合法律语境中 “证词与案件关联” 的含义，正确；
- B 选项 “relation”（关系），常用搭配为 “have relation with”（与…… 有关系），不与 “to” 搭配，排除；
- C 选项 “reliance”（依赖），搭配 “reliance on”（依赖……），与 “证词和案件” 的逻辑无关，排除；
- D 选项 “release”（释放、发布），语义与题干无关，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语中 “法律类固定搭配” 是重点，如 “testimony（证词）、case（案件）、relevance（关联性）” 等词汇常出现在法律主题的阅读或完形填空文本中。考生需积累 “relevance to”“relation with”“reliance on” 等固定搭配的介词用法，避免因介词错误导致语义偏差，这类搭配题在词汇部分占比约 30%，是得分关键。
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答案：A
- 解题思路：题干意为 “令银行经理惊讶的是，那个______成功生意的人竟然是文盲”，核心考查 “carry” 短语的语义辨析。结合 “经营生意” 的语境，需选择表示 “开展、经营” 的短语。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “carried on”（继续开展、经营），如 “carry on a business”（经营生意），符合题干 “经营成功生意” 的语义，正确；
- B 选项 “carried down”（传承、记载），如 “carry down a tradition”（传承传统），与 “生意” 搭配不当，排除；
- C 选项 “carried away”（使着迷、带走），常用被动语态 “be carried away by”（被…… 迷住），语义不符，排除；
- D 选项 “carried through”（坚持完成、实现），如 “carry through a plan”（完成计划），强调 “克服困难完成”，而非 “日常经营”，排除。
- 知识扩展：“carry” 为考博英语高频短语动词词根，常见短语还包括 “carry out（执行）、carry off（赢得、带走）、carry over（延续）” 等。考生需通过 “动词 + 副词 / 介词” 的搭配逻辑记忆短语含义（如 “on” 表 “持续进行”，“through” 表 “贯穿始终”），这类短语动词在词汇题和完形填空中均有考查，占比约 25%，需重点掌握。
In the 1970s, the aspirations for self- fulfillment of millions of Americans split away from the traditional symbols of success, This happened for many complex 31______ having to do with the sexual revolution, the 32______ of the women's movement 33 the family, the dying off of the generation scarred by the Great Depression of the 1930s,a growing disillusionment 34 the ability of our institutions to deliver the goods, the 35______ of the economy to live up to people's expectations of a steady annual 36______ in income, a questioning of 37______ the values of a consumption economy are worth the hard work that pays 38______ all the luxuries, an awareness that energy 39______ and environmental hazards 40______ for a new orientation,and a further evolution of individualism into the 41______ for less conforming personal life-style.
- A. phenomena B. reasons C. aims D. intentions
- A. failure B. defect C. weakness D. shortage
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答案：B
- 解题思路：前文提到 “20 世纪 70 年代美国人自我实现的愿望与传统成功符号脱节”，空格后列举 “性革命、女性运动影响、大萧条一代消逝” 等内容，显然这些是 “愿望脱节” 的 “原因”，因此空格需填表示 “原因” 的名词。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “phenomena”（现象）指 “可观察到的事实或事件”，而空格后是 “导致现象的因素”，排除；
- B 选项 “reasons”（原因），“complex reasons”（复杂的原因）与 “having to do with（与…… 相关）” 搭配，准确表示 “愿望脱节的原因”，正确；
- C 选项 “aims”（目标）和 D 选项 “intentions”（意图）均表示 “目的”，与 “解释现象的成因” 逻辑不符，排除。
- 知识扩展：完形填空常考查 “上下文逻辑衔接”，本题通过 “this happened for...”（这一现象的发生是因为……）明确空格与后文的 “因果关系”，考生需敏感捕捉 “for”“because”“due to” 等因果关联词，这类逻辑词是完形填空的 “解题线索”，占比约 40%。同时，“complex reasons”“growing disillusionment” 等抽象名词短语是学术英语的典型表达，需积累以提升文本理解能力。
-
答案：A
- 解题思路：空格后 “the economy to live up to people's expectations”（经济达到人们的期望），结合前文 “对制度能力的失望”，此处应表示 “经济未能达到期望”，即 “经济的失败”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “failure”（失败），“the failure of the economy to do sth”（经济未能做某事）是固定句式，符合 “经济未达到收入增长期望” 的语义，正确；
- B 选项 “defect”（缺陷）侧重 “事物本身的设计或结构缺陷”，如 “a defect in the system”（体系缺陷），不用于描述 “经济未达期望”，排除；
- C 选项 “weakness”（弱点）侧重 “实力不足”，如 “economic weakness”（经济疲软），但无法与 “to live up to...” 搭配，排除；
- D 选项 “shortage”（短缺）指 “资源、数量不足”，如 “shortage of food”（粮食短缺），与 “经济达到期望” 无关，排除。
- 知识扩展：“failure of sth to do sth” 是考博英语高频句式，意为 “某物未能做某事”，如 “the failure of the policy to achieve its goals”（政策未能实现目标）。考生需掌握该句式的用法，同时区分 “failure（未能实现目标）、defect（固有缺陷）、weakness（相对弱点）、shortage（数量短缺）” 的语义边界，这类抽象名词辨析是完形填空的难点，需结合语境和搭配习惯判断。
A common powder and ultraviolet light could provide a cheap cure for "sick buildings" according to researchers at the University of Florida. The cure may help office workers who develop symptoms such as headaches and eye irritation. So-called sick building syndrome is thought to be caused by poor ventilation and a build-up of microorganisms, usually in the heating and air-conditioning ducts.
The new approach may also provide protection from acute airborne infections such as legionaire's disease. "We haven't tested it yet for Legionella bacteria but I believe it will work on any microorganism," says Yogi Goswami, the mechanical engineer who led the project. The problem of sick building syndrome is wide-spread. In Britain, for example, the Inland Revenue decided to demolish a 19-storey office in Bootle, Merseyside, where half of the 2000 staff have suffered frequently from flu-like symptoms for more than five years.
Goswami says that contaminated ventilation systems are the major cause of sick buildings. "You have mould, mildew and bacteria in the ducts," he says, "The only reason so far is to take all the ducts out. You cannot take care of the problem any other way." But ripping out ventilation ducts is expensive and time-consuming, Goswami decided to tackle the problem by teaming up with Seymour Block, a chemical engineer who has been testing different ways to kill microbes.
Their work has already shown that airborne microorganisms die when exposed to ultraviolet rays and titanium (钛) dioxide-a common ingredient in toothpaste and a pigment in paint. They are now developing the idea into a practical system, which passes the building's air-conditioning system. The filter is illuminated with ultraviolet lamps.
"You take the old filter out and put the catalytic (titanium oxide coated) filter in, along with some ultraviolet lamps," says Goswami, "As your air conditioner works, the air passes through the filter. The combination of that moisture in the air and the ultraviolet kills the bacteria." The next step for the researchers is to try to speed up the time taken to kill the microorganisms. Increasing the surface area of filter and adding small amounts of platinum (铂) as a catalyst should speed up the process. If this modification works, the system will be tested in real buildings.
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In the passage, the writer is mainly talking about
A. the cure for sick buildings
B. the ways of killing bacteria
C. researching of a new instrument
D. the cause of sick buildings
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About the work of Goswami and Seymour Block, which of the following statements is true?
A. The problem of sick building syndrome is wide-spread
B. The way of speeding up the process of killing bacteria is to increase the surface area of the filter and adding small amounts of platinum as catalyst.
C. Their work still remains at the stage of experiment.
D. They have developed their idea of curing sick building into fact.
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答案：A
- 解题思路：主旨题需把握全文核心逻辑：首段提出 “普通粉末 + 紫外线可治愈‘病态建筑’” 的核心观点；第二段通过英国案例说明病态建筑综合征的普遍性；第三至五段详细介绍 Goswami 团队的研究（传统解决方式的缺陷、新方法的原理及研发进展）。全文围绕 “病态建筑的治愈方法” 展开，因此主旨为 “治愈病态建筑”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “the cure for sick buildings”（病态建筑的治愈方法）涵盖全文核心观点（新治愈方法）及研究细节，正确；
- B 选项 “the ways of killing bacteria”（杀死细菌的方法）仅为新治愈方法的 “技术细节”，并非全文主旨，排除；
- C 选项 “researching of a new instrument”（新设备的研究）文中未提及 “新设备”，仅提到 “催化过滤器 + 紫外线” 的系统，排除；
- D 选项 “the cause of sick buildings”（病态建筑的成因）仅在首段和第三段提及，是 “引出治愈方法的背景”，非主旨，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语阅读主旨题需遵循 “首尾段核心句 + 各段逻辑衔接” 原则，避免被 “细节选项” 干扰。本文首段 “a common powder and ultraviolet light could provide a cheap cure for ‘sick buildings’” 即为全文主旨句，后续段落均围绕该句展开，考生需学会定位 “主旨句”（通常在首段首句或末句），这是解答主旨题的关键技巧。
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答案：B
- 解题思路：细节题需定位 Goswami 和 Seymour Block 的研究相关内容（第三至五段），逐一验证选项与原文的匹配度。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “The problem of sick building syndrome is wide-spread”（病态建筑综合征普遍存在）是原文第二段的客观事实描述，并非 “两人的研究内容”，排除；
- B 选项 “The way of speeding up the process of killing bacteria is to increase the surface area of the filter and adding small amounts of platinum as catalyst”（加速杀菌过程的方法是增大过滤器表面积并添加少量铂作为催化剂）与原文第五段 “The next step...Increasing the surface area of filter and adding small amounts of platinum as a catalyst should speed up the process” 完全一致，正确；
- C 选项 “Their work still remains at the stage of experiment”（他们的研究仍处于实验阶段）原文第五段提到 “now developing the idea into a practical system...If this modification works, the system will be tested in real buildings”，说明研究已进入 “实用系统研发阶段，即将进行实地测试”，并非单纯 “实验阶段”，排除；
- D 选项 “They have developed their idea of curing sick building into fact”（他们已将治愈病态建筑的想法转化为现实）原文明确提到 “即将进行实地测试”，尚未 “转化为现实”，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语细节题需注意 “选项与原文的精准匹配”，避免 “偷换概念”（如 C 选项将 “实用研发阶段” 偷换为 “实验阶段”）或 “混淆事实主体”（如 A 选项将 “普遍现象” 归为 “研究内容”）。考生需通过 “关键词定位”（如本题 “speed up the process”“platinum as catalyst”）找到原文对应句，逐字比对语义，这是细节题得高分的核心方法。
江苏大学考博真题（含英语、矩阵论、数理统计等专业课）是备考的核心资料，历年真题均配备高分答案详解，能帮助考生精准把握命题规律（如词汇题侧重固定搭配与近义词辨析、阅读题侧重主旨与细节匹配、完形填空侧重逻辑衔接）。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题：
- 考博信息网官网：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
- 江苏大学历年考博真题下载专用页面：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2564916.html
备考建议：
- 词汇积累：重点掌握考博高频词汇（如本文 “lull”“poised”“relevance”）及固定搭配（如 “have relevance to”“carry on a business”），结合真题语境记忆，避免孤立背单词；
- 阅读训练：通过真题练习 “主旨定位”“细节比对”“逻辑推理” 三大能力，尤其关注科普类、法律类、社会类文本（如本文 “病态建筑” 属于科普类），这类文本是考博阅读的常考题材；
- 完形填空：聚焦 “逻辑衔接词”（如因果、转折、让步）和 “固定句式”（如 “failure of sth to do sth”），通过分析真题上下文语境提升搭配敏感度。
通过系统利用真题及答案详解，考生可高效突破薄弱环节，提升考博英语及专业课应试能力，助力顺利上岸江苏大学博士研究生。
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