Directions: There are 40 sentences below. Under each there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
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I have devoted five weekends continuously to writing the graduation thesis and now I feel I ______ a good rest.
A. deserve B. preserve C. conceive D. receive
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While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ______ the nurse Florence Nightingale.
A. in favor of B. in honor of C. in line with D. in place of
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答案：A
- 解题思路：题干中 “连续五周写毕业论文” 为 “付出”，后接 “好好休息” 为 “应得的回报”，需填入表 “应得、值得” 的动词，“deserve（应得）” 精准匹配 “付出后应获得休息” 的语义逻辑，且 “deserve a good rest” 为常用搭配，表 “理应好好休息”。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “deserve（应得、值得）”：“devoted five weekends...feel I deserve a good rest”（付出时间后觉得应得休息），语义连贯，正确；
- B 选项 “preserve（保护、保存）”：“preserve a good rest”（保存休息）语义不通，排除；
- C 选项 “conceive（构想、怀孕）”：“conceive a good rest”（构想休息）与 “付出后需休息” 的语境无关，排除；
- D 选项 “receive（收到）”：“receive a good rest”（收到休息）侧重 “被动接受”，而题干强调 “主动付出后应得”，语义不符，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语常考查 “付出与回报” 类语义搭配，如 “deserve praise/award/rest”，需区分 “deserve（应得，基于付出）” 与 “earn（赢得，基于努力）”“obtain（获得，基于获取行为）” 的差异，避免语义混淆。
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答案：B
- 解题思路：题干 “医院以弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔命名建立”，需填入表 “为纪念、为致敬” 的短语，“in honor of（为纪念、向…… 致敬）” 符合 “建立医院纪念南丁格尔（护理事业先驱）” 的语境，且与 “founded（建立）” 搭配逻辑通顺。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “in favor of（支持、有利于）”：“founded in favor of the nurse”（为支持护士建立医院）语义模糊，排除；
- B 选项 “in honor of（为纪念）”：“founded in honor of Florence Nightingale”（为纪念弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔而建立），贴合南丁格尔对护理事业的贡献，正确；
- C 选项 “in line with（符合、与…… 一致）”：“founded in line with the nurse”（符合护士建立医院）语义不通，排除；
- D 选项 “in place of（代替）”：“founded in place of the nurse”（代替护士建立医院）与语境矛盾，排除。
- 知识扩展：考博英语高频短语 “in + 名词 + of” 需重点记忆，如 “in memory of（纪念）”“in terms of（就…… 而言）”“in charge of（负责）”，需结合语境区分语义，避免短语混淆。
Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true, more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time, now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying a new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
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Raising children, in the author's opinion, is ______
A. a moral duty B. a rewarding task C. a thankless job D. a source of inevitable pain
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What is the author trying to tell us?
A. It is pain that leads to happiness. B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments. D. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain
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答案：B
- 解题思路：细节题定位原文第 4 段：“I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up...”，作者先指出 “养育孩子无‘乐趣’可言”，但通过 “but” 转折强调 “未养育孩子的夫妻会错失孩子成长的快乐”，可见作者认为养育孩子是 “虽无即时乐趣，但有长远回报的事”，“rewarding（有回报的）” 精准匹配这一语义。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “a moral duty（道德义务）”：原文未提及 “道德”，仅讨论 “快乐与痛苦的关系”，排除；
- B 选项 “a rewarding task（有回报的任务）”：“never know the joys”（错失快乐）体现养育孩子的 “回报性”，与作者观点一致，正确；
- C 选项 “a thankless job（吃力不讨好的事）”：作者未否定养育孩子的价值，仅说明无 “fun”，排除；
- D 选项 “a source of inevitable pain（不可避免的痛苦来源）”：这是部分人的看法，作者通过 “but” 转折强调 “回报”，而非仅强调 “痛苦”，排除。
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答案：D
- 解题思路：主旨题需梳理全文逻辑：首段提出 “快乐常伴随痛苦”，中间通过 “婚姻、养育孩子” 举例说明 “避免痛苦会错失快乐”，末段总结 “真正的快乐与乐趣无关”，核心观点为 “快乐与痛苦常相伴”，“Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain”（快乐与痛苦常并存）精准概括主旨。
- 选项分析：
- A 选项 “It is pain that leads to happiness（痛苦导致快乐）”：作者强调 “快乐伴随痛苦”，而非 “痛苦是快乐原因”，逻辑错误，排除；
- B 选项 “One must know how to attain happiness（必须知道如何获得快乐）”：原文未提及 “获得快乐的方法”，仅讨论 “快乐与痛苦的关系”，排除；
- C 选项 “It is important to make commitments（承诺很重要）”：“承诺” 仅为 “婚姻” 举例中的细节，非主旨，排除；
- D 选项 “Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain（快乐常与痛苦并存）”：与首段 “things that lead to happiness involve some pain” 及全文举例一致，正确。
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.
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人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻。联合国经历了种种考验，走过了不平凡的历程。尽管地区动荡和局部冲突时有发生，但是各国更加重视以谈判解决争端。(3%)
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世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥荒仍然在一些落后地区肆虐。环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国问题日益突出。人类实现和平和共同发展的理想还任重道远。(4%)
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Chinese 原文：人类社会沧桑巨变，国际舞台风云变幻。联合国经历了种种考验，走过了不平凡的历程。尽管地区动荡和局部冲突时有发生，但是各国更加重视以谈判解决争端。
English Translation：Human society has undergone profound changes, and the international landscape has witnessed constant vicissitudes. The United Nations has gone through various trials and experienced an extraordinary journey. Although regional turbulences and local conflicts occur from time to time, all countries attach greater importance to resolving disputes through negotiations.
- 翻译要点解析：
- 四字短语处理：“沧桑巨变” 译为 “profound changes”（体现 “深刻性”），“风云变幻” 译为 “constant vicissitudes”（“vicissitudes” 表 “兴衰变迁”，贴合国际局势变化），避免直译导致的生硬；
- 逻辑连贯：“经历了种种考验，走过了不平凡的历程” 译为 “has gone through various trials and experienced an extraordinary journey”，用 “and” 连接并列动作，符合英文简洁表达习惯；
- 政策术语准确：“以谈判解决争端” 译为 “resolving disputes through negotiations”，“谈判解决” 为国际外交常用表述，避免使用 “talks” 等口语化词汇；“重视” 译为 “attach greater importance to”，比 “pay attention to” 更具正式性，符合学术翻译语境。
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Chinese 原文：世界发展还很不平衡、贫穷和饥荒仍然在一些落后地区肆虐。环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病等跨国问题日益突出。人类实现和平和共同发展的理想还任重道远。
English Translation：The world development remains highly unbalanced, and poverty and famine still plague some underdeveloped regions. Transnational issues such as environmental pollution, drug smuggling, transnational crimes, and severe infectious diseases have become increasingly prominent. The ideal of mankind to achieve peace and common development still has a long way to go.
- 翻译要点解析：
- 语义精准：“肆虐” 译为 “plague”（表 “灾害、疾病的肆虐”，比 “spread” 更具破坏性含义），贴合 “贫穷和饥荒” 的负面影响；“落后地区” 译为 “underdeveloped regions”（国际通用表述，避免 “backward” 的贬义）；
- 并列结构处理：“环境污染、毒品走私、跨国犯罪、严重传染性疾病” 译为 “environmental pollution, drug smuggling, transnational crimes, and severe infectious diseases”，保持英文并列结构的一致性，用 “and” 连接最后一项，符合语法规范；
- 固定表达：“任重道远” 译为 “has a long way to go”（英文常用表达，贴合 “理想未实现，需持续努力” 的语义），比直译 “heavy responsibility and long journey” 更自然；“共同发展” 译为 “common development”（国际合作常用术语，体现 “共同性”）。
南昌大学《英语》考博真题（含历年试题及高分答案详解）是备考的核心资料，能帮助考生精准把握命题重点（如词汇搭配、议论文阅读、时政类汉译英）。考生可通过以下渠道获取真题：
- 考博信息网官网：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/
- 南昌大学历年考博真题下载专用页面：http://www.kaoboinfo.com/shijuan/school/408061_1_2704796.html
- 英语备考：
- 词汇：重点积累 “学术高频动词（如 deserve, preserve）”“介词短语（如 in honor of, in line with）”，结合真题语境记忆搭配（如 deserve a rest, attach importance to），避免孤立背词；
- 阅读：针对 “议论文”（如本文 “快乐与痛苦” 主题），训练 “抓主旨 - 析逻辑 - 定细节” 的能力，关注 “but, however” 等转折词，区分 “作者观点” 与 “他人观点”；
- 翻译：聚焦 “时政类文本”，积累 “国际组织（如 UN）、全球问题（如 poverty, environmental pollution）” 等术语，练习 “四字短语转化为英文简洁表达”（如 “风云变幻→constant vicissitudes”），避免逐字直译。
- 专业课备考：
- 结合南昌大学 “马克思主义理论、新闻传播学、医学” 等优势学科，重点掌握核心理论（如马克思主义中国化、新闻传播伦理、医学诊断学），关注 “理论 + 实践案例” 的结合（如新闻传播学中的新媒体案例、医学中的临床病理关联）；
- 通过真题练习，总结专业课论述题的答题框架（如 “定义 + 现状 + 问题 + 对策”），提升学术表达的条理性与深度。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博应试能力，助力顺利上岸南昌大学博士研究生。
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