Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
2. Most responsibility for costs related to work-related injuries has been ______ from the government to employers.
A. exchanged B. shifted C. lifted D. subjected
6. The more information and arguments the jury hears, the more likely it is that truth and wisdom will float to the surface while ______ and stupidity will sink.
A. falsehood B. incompetence C. courage D. disintegration
- 语境分析：句子核心逻辑为 “与工伤相关的成本责任从政府转移到雇主”，需选择表 “转移、转变” 的动词，且能与介词 “from...to...” 搭配。
- 选项辨析：
- A. exchanged：意为 “交换、互换”，强调双方互利的对等交换（如 exchange gifts），不用于 “责任转移” 的单向场景，排除；
- B. shifted：意为 “转移、挪动”，侧重从一个主体、位置或状态转移到另一个，常与 “from...to...” 搭配，符合 “责任从政府转移到雇主” 的语境，正确；
- C. lifted：意为 “举起、提升”（如 lift weights）或 “撤销”（如 lift a ban），与 “责任” 搭配不当，排除；
- D. subjected：意为 “使服从、使遭受”，常与 “to” 搭配（be subjected to），表 “遭受某事”，与句意不符，排除。
- 考点延伸：考博英语词汇题常考查 “动词 + 介词” 固定搭配及语境语义匹配。“shift” 作为高频考点，还可表示 “观点、态度转变”（shift one’s attitude）、“数据变化”（shift in data），考生需积累其多场景用法，同时区分 “shift”“transfer”“transform” 的差异：“transfer” 侧重 “人员、物品的调动”（如 transfer to another department），“transform” 侧重 “本质性的转变”（如 transform society）。
- 语境分析：句子以 “while” 为转折连词，前后形成对比 ——“真理与智慧浮出水面” 对应 “______与愚蠢沉没”，需选择与 “truth（真理）” 构成反义关系的名词。
- 选项辨析：
- A. falsehood：意为 “谎言、虚假”，与 “truth” 直接构成反义，符合 “真理浮现、谎言沉没” 的对比逻辑，正确；
- B. incompetence：意为 “无能、不胜任”，对应的反义为 “competence（能力）”，与 “truth” 无逻辑关联，排除；
- C. courage：意为 “勇气”，为褒义词，与 “stupidity（愚蠢）” 无法构成并列的消极概念，排除；
- D. disintegration：意为 “瓦解、分裂”，侧重 “整体崩溃”，与 “truth” 的反义关系不直接，排除。
- 考点延伸：考博英语常考查 “反义并列” 逻辑，考生需关注句中 “while”“whereas”“by contrast” 等转折连词，通过语义对比锁定答案。同时，“falsehood” 为抽象名词，需积累其近义词（lie, untruth）及反义词（truth, veracity），并掌握 “抽象名词 + and + 抽象名词” 的并列结构（如 love and hate, success and failure）。
Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.
（Passage 1 核心段落）
Computers are much, much smaller and many times smarter now. But we know better than to call them "electronic brains." Computers don't really think. They calculate. They manipulate binary digits, one's and zero's, like the beads of an abacus, only much faster.
Computers can compete at chess because the board's positions are limited. Program all of the possibilities and you've got Deep Blue, a competitor—but not a thinker. When chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov faced IBM's Deep Blue, the machine won. That upset a lot of people. Not me. I'm happy to concede the few things a machine can do, if it helps us to appreciate the many things humans can do better—like, for example, making a mess. I'm real good at that.
...
31. We call them computers instead of electronic brains because ______.
A. they can't think B. they operate like an abacus
C. they can only calculate D. they are smarter than brains
34. The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. the contrast between order and disorder
B. the difference between humans and computers
C. how wonderful computers are
D. how the human brain works
- 定位分析：题干关键词 “call them computers instead of electronic brains” 对应原文第一段第二句 “But we know better than to call them 'electronic brains.' Computers don't really think.”，答案可直接从该句锁定。
- 选项辨析：
- A. 与原文 “Computers don't really think” 完全一致，为核心原因，正确；
- B. 原文提及 “like the beads of an abacus” 是比喻计算机的计算方式，并非 “不叫电子大脑” 的原因，排除；
- C. 原文明确 “Computers don't really think. They calculate”，“计算” 是计算机的功能，而非 “不叫电子大脑” 的本质原因，本质原因是 “不能思考”，排除；
- D. 原文 “many times smarter now” 是说计算机比过去更智能，而非 “比人类大脑更智能”，且与题干逻辑无关，排除。
- 考点延伸：考博英语阅读理解常考查 “因果逻辑”，考生需通过 “because”“since”“for” 等连词或 “隐含因果”（如事实陈述→结论）定位答案。同时，需注意区分 “直接原因” 与 “间接描述”，避免被次要信息干扰。
- 主旨分析：文章开篇对比计算机与 “电子大脑”，强调计算机 “只能计算，不能思考”；第二段以国际象棋比赛为例，说明计算机的 “竞争能力” 而非 “思考能力”；后文通过 “humans can do better” 进一步突出人类与计算机的差异，核心围绕 “人类与计算机的区别” 展开。
- 选项辨析：
- A. 原文提及 “order and disorder” 是为了阐释混沌理论，属于细节内容，非主旨，排除；
- B. 涵盖文章核心对比逻辑（计算机：计算、无思考能力；人类：有思考能力、能做更多事），符合主旨，正确；
- C. 原文对计算机的描述是 “客观陈述功能”，未强调 “多么出色”，且重点在对比人类与计算机，排除；
- D. 原文未涉及 “人类大脑的工作原理”，仅强调人类的思考能力，排除。
- 考点延伸：主旨题需把握 “首尾段核心句 + 段落逻辑链”，考生可通过 “but”“however” 等转折词锁定作者核心观点，同时排除 “细节干扰项”（如 A 选项）、“过度引申项”（如 D 选项）。本文的逻辑链为 “计算机的功能→计算机与人类的本质差异（能否思考）→人类的独特价值”，主旨需覆盖完整逻辑链。
Section A（英译汉）：
The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.
Active happiness—not mere satisfaction or contentment—often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener, bird songs are sweeter, the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.
-
高分翻译：
“幸福所能赋予的智慧，在于清晰的洞察力 —— 这种洞察力不会被焦虑蒙蔽，不会因绝望与厌倦而黯淡，也不会因恐惧而产生盲点。
真正的幸福 —— 并非单纯的满足或惬意 —— 往往突如其来，如同四月的阵雨，或是花蕾的绽放。此时你会发现，幸福始终伴随着一种智慧：草地愈发青翠，鸟鸣愈发悦耳，朋友的缺点也变得更易理解、更可宽恕。幸福就像一副眼镜，矫正你精神层面的视野。”
-
翻译解析：
- 句式处理：原文第一句含长定语从句，翻译时拆分为主句 + 破折号补充说明，符合中文 “短句为主、逻辑清晰” 的表达习惯；“not fogged...nor dimmed...and without...” 的并列否定结构，译为 “不会被... 不会因... 也不会因...”，保持句式对称。
- 词汇精准：“Active happiness” 译为 “真正的幸福”，避免直译 “主动的幸福”，贴合语境；“spiritual vision” 译为 “精神层面的视野”，比 “精神视力” 更符合中文表达；“unfolding of a bud” 译为 “花蕾的绽放”，体现动态美感。
- 修辞保留：原文 “like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud”“like a pair of eyeglasses” 的比喻修辞，翻译时完整保留，通过 “如同”“就像” 衔接，确保修辞效果一致；破折号分隔的插入语 “not mere satisfaction or contentment”，译为 “并非单纯的满足或惬意”，准确传达强调意味。
- 考点延伸：考博英语英译汉侧重 “学术性文本的流畅转化”，考生需注意抽象名词（wisdom, perception, vision）的具象化表达，避免直译导致晦涩；同时，关注并列结构、比喻修辞的翻译技巧，确保译文既忠实原文，又符合中文表达习惯。
Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words on the following topic. Remember to write your composition on Answer Sheet II.
Topic: What Does Internet Mean to Me
What Does Internet Mean to Me
For me, the Internet is not merely a tool for communication or information access, but a multidimensional platform that reshapes my learning, thinking, and social interaction—an indispensable part of my academic and daily life.
Firstly, the Internet serves as a boundless academic resource library. As a doctoral candidate, my research requires extensive literature review and interdisciplinary knowledge integration. Through academic databases like CNKI, Web of Science, and JSTOR, I can access the latest research papers, monographs, and conference proceedings without leaving my study, which greatly enhances my research efficiency. Moreover, online courses and academic lectures from world-renowned universities allow me to learn from top scholars, broadening my academic horizons beyond the limitations of my institution.
Secondly, the Internet facilitates meaningful social connection and knowledge exchange. Via professional forums, research groups, and academic social networks such as ResearchGate, I can communicate with peers and experts in my field, share research ideas, and collaborate on projects. This kind of interaction not only enriches my perspectives but also helps me identify potential research gaps and opportunities. In daily life, the Internet enables me to stay in touch with family and friends across distances, maintaining emotional bonds that transcend geographical barriers.
However, I am fully aware of the Internet's potential drawbacks—information overload, distraction, and privacy risks. Thus, I use it selectively: focusing on high-quality academic resources, setting time limits for non-research use, and protecting my personal information.
In conclusion, the Internet is a double-edged sword, but for me, its positive impact far outweighs the negative. It is a powerful assistant in my academic pursuit, a bridge for social connection, and a window to the wider world. By using it wisely, I can leverage its advantages to achieve my academic and life goals.
- 结构逻辑：
- 开篇立意：明确提出 “互联网是重塑学习、思考与社交的多维平台”，观点鲜明且有深度，避免泛泛而谈；
- 分论点论证：从 “学术资源库”“社交与知识交流桥梁” 两个核心维度展开，结合博士研究生的 “学术研究” 场景，论据具体且贴合身份；
- 辩证分析：提及互联网的弊端并给出应对策略，体现思维的全面性；
- 结尾升华：总结互联网的核心价值，强调 “明智使用” 的重要性，呼应主题。
- 语言表达：
- 学术词汇：运用 “multidimensional platform”“interdisciplinary knowledge integration”“literature review”“research gaps” 等学术短语，符合博士写作的专业性；
- 句式多样：结合复杂句（定语从句、状语从句）与简单句，如 “Through academic databases...which greatly enhances...”，避免句式单一；
- 逻辑衔接：使用 “Firstly”“Secondly”“However”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的段落层次。
- 考点延伸：考博英语写作侧重 “学术性与个性化结合”，考生需结合自身身份（如研究生、职场人）选取具体论据，避免空泛；同时，注意辩证思维的体现，对话题进行全面分析，提升文章深度。
以《考博英语核心词汇 2000 词》为核心，重点积累学术类词汇、固定搭配及形近词；通过真题练习强化 “语境语义匹配” 能力，尤其关注动词与介词的搭配、并列 / 转折逻辑连词的用法。
精读学术类文章（如科技、教育、社会话题），训练 “关键词定位”“主旨归纳”“逻辑推理” 能力；每周至少完成 3 篇真题阅读，分析错误选项类型（如细节干扰、过度引申），总结解题技巧。
积累学术文本常用句式的翻译技巧，重点练习长难句拆分与重组；每周进行 2 篇英译汉 + 汉译英练习，对比参考译文优化表达，确保译文既忠实原文，又符合目标语言的表达习惯。
构建 “开篇立意 - 分论点论证 - 辩证分析 - 结尾升华” 的写作框架；积累学术类话题素材（如科技、教育、环境），结合自身经历或学术场景选取论据；注重语言的专业性与逻辑的严谨性，避免口语化表达。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语的综合应试能力，助力顺利上岸山西师范大学博士研究生。
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