Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall MeLean's reference to the posttelevision world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare's famous line,"all the world's a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today's worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people... Years later,this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War... Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it...
It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy... "Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said... Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most,major international television news stories.
Questions 1-5 are based on the above passage.
- The passage is mainly about
A) the evolution of international politics in the United States
B) the broadcast media's growing role in international politics
C) the concern for human rights as is shown in broadcast media
D) the impact of global television communication on viewers' emotions
- The civil rights struggle in the 50's and 60's won public support partly owing to
A) the viewing of the Nazi atrocities on TV
B) the news broadcast through satellite links
C) the impact of televised news on emotions
D) the support provided by a world audience
- The television coverage of human rights issues has the effect of
A) reduction in the cases of human rights violation
B) prompted attempts at censorship by dictators
C) increased respect for different cultures and attitudes
D) heightened international concern over human rights abuses
- 主旨定位：文章开篇通过卫星技术引出全球电视新闻的发展，随后核心论述聚焦 “广播新闻技术对国内及国际政治的影响”—— 越南战争中电视新闻改变公众舆论、卡特政府将人权议题纳入外交核心后电视新闻对人权问题的聚焦，均围绕 “媒体与政治的关联” 展开。
- 选项排除：
- A 选项 “美国国际政治的演变”：文章未聚焦美国政治自身的演变，仅以美国案例（越南战争、卡特政府）说明媒体对政治的影响，范围偏差，排除；
- C 选项 “广播媒体中体现的人权关注”：人权议题是文章后半部分的具体案例，用于支撑 “媒体影响政治” 的核心观点，并非主旨，排除；
- D 选项 “全球电视传播对观众情绪的影响”：“情绪影响” 是电视媒体的传播特点（第三段首句提及），是媒体能影响政治的原因，而非文章核心论述的 “媒体与政治的关系”，排除。
- 考点延伸：主旨题需把握 “开篇引入 — 核心论述 — 案例支撑” 的逻辑链，避免被局部案例误导。上海电力大学考博英语阅读理解常围绕 “技术、媒体、社会、政治” 交叉议题，考生需强化 “识别核心论点与支撑论据” 的能力。
- 细节定位：题干关键词 “civil rights struggle in the 50's and 60's” 对应第三段第三句 “Night after night graphic news footage of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes”，结合前文 “television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions” 可知，电视新闻的 “情绪感染力” 是其获得公众支持的关键原因。
- 选项排除：
- A 选项 “观看电视上的纳粹暴行”：纳粹暴行的案例是为了说明电视媒体的影响力，与民权运动获得支持无直接关联，排除；
- B 选项 “通过卫星链路的新闻广播”：文章首段提及卫星链路是 “当下” 的技术，而民权运动发生在 “50-60 年代”，时间不符，排除；
- D 选项 “世界观众的支持”：文章未提及 “世界观众” 的支持，仅强调美国国内观众通过电视新闻关注运动，排除。
- 考点延伸：细节题需精准匹配 “题干关键词 — 原文定位句 — 上下文逻辑”，注意时间、范围等限定词的干扰，同时理解 “因果逻辑”（媒体特点→传播效果→社会影响）。
- 细节推理：题干关键词 “television coverage of human rights issues” 对应最后一段 “The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses”。选项需符合 “积极且符合主旨” 的逻辑：
- A 选项 “减少人权侵犯案例”：原文 “resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses” 强调 “部分案例中消除”，而非 “整体减少”，表述绝对，排除；
- B 选项 “促使独裁者试图审查”：这是媒体报道的负面反应，并非题干所问的核心影响，排除；
- C 选项 “增加对不同文化和态度的尊重”：文章未提及 “文化尊重”，属于无中生有，排除；
- D 选项 “提高国际社会对人权侵犯的关注”：“created outrage in the world” 直接体现国际社会的关注与愤慨，符合题意，正确。
- 考点延伸：推理题需注意选项的 “程度限定” 与原文的一致性，避免绝对化表述，同时区分 “核心影响” 与 “次要 / 负面反应”。
With the possibility that the United States may be withdrawing from the confines of the Kyoto Protocol by the end of this year, it behooves responsible citizens of the world to examine the past and present implications of the international treaty. The 1992 Kyoto Protocol, signed by 174 of the world's nations, ambitiously sought to reduce worldwide emission levels by the year 2000, aiming to restore them to 1990 levels so as to slow global warming and begin the slow process of eradicating pollution. It has thus far not been entirely successfully, with its noble goals overly vague, resulting in international willingness to comply with its provisions, but lacking a structured method by which to achieve them.
Harsh criticism of the Kyoto Protocol often involves the relatively short term nature of the project... Further,the commitments made by the industrialized nations... are vastly different from those agreed upon by the developing nations...
This disparity in commitment has been viewed as a necessity, however... Whatever one's stance, it is almost universally agreed upon that the Kyoto Protocol is a step in the right direction, in theory and philosophy, at the very least. The reality of practical application and implementation, however, is a very different story... perhaps a more conservative and manageable plan must be considered.
Questions 6-10 are based on the above passage.
6. In Paragraph 2, the "impossibly difficult challenge" refers to
A) achieving the goals stated in the Kyoto Protocol
B) abiding by the rules laid down in the Kyoto Protocol
C) keeping with and maintaining the spirit of the Kyoto Protocol
D) achieving emissions standard reductions in the short span of time allowed in the Kyoto Protocol
9. The author's attitude and recommendation regarding the nature of the Kyoto Protocol may best be interpreted as
A)"Look before you leap"
B)"You can't please everyone"
C)"Don't throw the baby out with the bath water"
D) "If at first you don't succeed, try and try again"
- 指代定位：题干关键词 “impossibly difficult challenge” 对应第二段第二句 “By trying to achieve such spectacular environmental goals in such a short span of time, it has been argued that an impossibly difficult challenge has been undertaken”，明确 “挑战” 是 “在短时间内实现宏大的环境目标”，结合第一段 “reduce worldwide emission levels by the year 2000, aiming to restore them to 1990 levels” 可知，核心目标是 “减排”，因此指代 “在协议允许的短时间内实现排放标准降低”。
- 选项排除：
- A 选项 “实现《京都议定书》的目标”：表述过于宽泛，未体现 “短时间” 这一核心限定，排除；
- B 选项 “遵守《京都议定书》的规则”：原文强调 “实现目标” 的难度，而非 “遵守规则”，排除；
- C 选项 “遵循并维护《京都议定书》的精神”：“精神” 并非原文提及的 “挑战” 核心，排除。
- 考点延伸：指代题需追溯前文的 “具体对象 + 限定条件”，避免笼统理解，同时结合段落主旨（对协议的批评集中在 “短期目标过难”）强化判断。
- 态度推理：作者在最后一段明确 “the Kyoto Protocol is a step in the right direction, in theory and philosophy, at the very least”（协议在理论和理念上是正确的一步），同时指出 “practical application and implementation is a very different story”（实际执行存在问题），建议 “a more conservative and manageable plan must be considered”（考虑更保守可行的计划），核心态度是 “肯定核心价值，改进执行方式，不全盘否定”。
- 谚语解读：
- A 选项 “三思而后行”：强调行动前谨慎，与作者 “肯定现有协议价值，需调整执行” 的态度不符，排除；
- B 选项 “众口难调”：强调无法满足所有人需求，原文未聚焦 “不同群体的满意度”，排除；
- C 选项 “不要把孩子和洗澡水一起倒掉”：比喻 “保留核心价值，摒弃次要问题”，与作者态度一致，正确；
- D 选项 “一次不成功，再接再厉”：强调坚持重复尝试，作者建议 “调整计划” 而非 “重复原有方式”，排除。
- 考点延伸：态度题需结合 “明确观点句 + 建议内容” 综合判断，同时积累学术英语中常用谚语的寓意，提升对隐含态度的理解能力。
以《考博英语阅读理解 100 篇》为核心素材，精读 “政治、科技、环境” 等学术类文章，训练 “关键词定位→原文逻辑分析→选项排除” 的解题流程；重点关注主旨题、推理题的选项特征，总结 “绝对化表述排除”“范围偏差排除” 等技巧，提升解题准确率。
关注全球热点议题（如公共卫生、生态保护、能源转型），积累相关案例（如各国应对疫情的措施、环保政策效果）与学术词汇；构建 “开篇立意→分论点论证→结尾升华” 的固定框架，每段围绕一个核心观点展开，结合数据、案例增强说服力；每周完成 1 篇写作练习，注重语言的严谨性与学术性，避免口语化表达。
上海电力大学以电力、能源等工科专业为优势，考生可适当积累 “能源与环境”“科技伦理” 等交叉领域的英语表达与议题素材，在写作中体现专业相关性，提升答案的针对性与独特性。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语的综合应试能力，助力顺利上岸上海电力大学博士研究生。
您现在的位置： 