Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
3. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.
A. improve B. enhance C. guarantee D. gear to
8. Jenny's wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity more than ______ her lack of formal academic training.
A. compensate for B. account for C. speak volumes for D. make for
12. Mrs. Black finds that her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away from the grim realities of daily life and ______ her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.
A. transforming B. transporting C. transplanting D. transcending
17. I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived ______ it.
A. of B. off C. from D. with
25. The boy students in this school are nearly ______ as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business.
A. as likely twice B. likely as twice C. as twice likely D. twice as likely
- 词义与搭配解析
- A. improve（改善）：侧重 “提升质量、水平”，常见搭配为 “improve sth.”，不与 “to” 搭配，排除；
- B. enhance（增强）：强调 “强化优势、价值”，搭配为 “enhance sth.”，无 “enhance to” 结构，排除；
- C. guarantee（保证）：搭配为 “guarantee sth. /that 从句”，与句意 “适应市场需求” 不符，排除；
- D. gear to（使适应、使匹配）：固定搭配 “gear sth. to sth.”，句意为 “为在激烈的国际贸易竞争中生存，我们必须使产品的质量和品种适应世界市场的需求”，符合语境。
- 考点延伸：考博英语词汇常考查 “固定搭配 + 语境逻辑”，“gear to”“adapt to”“adjust to” 均表 “适应”，需区分用法：“gear to” 更侧重 “针对性调整以匹配需求”，“adapt to” 侧重 “适应新环境 / 条件”，“adjust to” 侧重 “微调以适应”。
- 词义与语境解析
- A. compensate for（弥补、抵消）：句中 “丰富的实践经验和敏锐的心理洞察力” 与 “缺乏正规学术训练” 形成对比，“compensate for” 体现 “前者弥补后者不足”，符合逻辑；
- B. account for（解释、说明）：侧重 “解释原因或占比”，如 “account for the failure”，与句意不符，排除；
- C. speak volumes for（充分证明）：强调 “某事物有力证明另一事物”，如 “His actions speak volumes for his honesty”，无 “弥补” 含义，排除；
- D. make for（有助于、走向）：如 “Hard work makes for success”，与语境无关，排除。
- 考点延伸：此类 “动词 + 介词” 短语是考博英语词汇的高频考点，需结合 “语义逻辑 + 固定搭配” 记忆，避免仅记字面含义。
- 形近词辨析
- A. transforming（转变）：侧重 “本质或形态的改变”，搭配为 “transform sth. into sth.”，句中 “带她进入仙境” 并非 “转变”，排除；
- B. transporting（运送、使沉浸）：除 “物理运输” 外，可表 “精神上带入某种状态”，“transport sb. to sp.” 符合 “钢琴将她带入仙境” 的语境；
- C. transplanting（移植）：侧重 “器官、植物移植” 或 “搬迁”，与句意无关，排除；
- D. transcending（超越）：强调 “超出某种界限”，如 “transcend limitations”，无 “带入” 含义，排除。
- 考点延伸：形近词辨析需聚焦 “核心词根 + 语境适配”，如 “trans-” 前缀表 “跨越”，但不同后缀决定语义差异（port - 表 “运输”，form - 表 “形态”，plant - 表 “种植”）。
- 固定搭配解析
“derive from” 为固定短语，表 “从…… 中获得、源自”，句意为 “我似乎得出了一个相当悲观的结论，但我认为仍能从中找到一些令人欣慰的东西”，符合语法与语义；
其他选项无此搭配：derive 不与 of/with 搭配，derive off 表 “脱落”，与语境不符。
- 考点延伸：考博英语常考查 “动词 + 介词” 固定搭配，如 “benefit from”“result from”“originate from”，需分类归纳记忆。
- 比较级结构解析
英语中 “倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as” 是固定比较结构，表 “是…… 的几倍”，句意为 “这所学校的男生说他们打算攻读商科博士学位的可能性几乎是女生的两倍”；
其他选项结构错误：A/B/C 均不符合 “倍数在前，as...as 中间加原级” 的规则。
- 考点延伸：比较级结构是考博英语语法的高频考点，需掌握 “倍数 + as + 原级 + as”“倍数 + 比较级 + than”“倍数 + the + 名词 + of” 三种核心结构。
Directions: In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
As the English language has changed at a fast speed in the last century, so has the use of the English language.
After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English.
English has had a strong association with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.
As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and in specific circumstances.
By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of classlessness.
The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.
Questions 51-55 are based on the above passage.
51. Which one of the following is NOT true?
A. The use of the English language has not changed much in the last century.
B. The BBC announcers speak Standard English.
C. English has no association with class and social status now.
D. Young people all speak English in the same way.
53. According to the author, there was a trend in the UK for the young people
A. to speak Standard English
B. to speak English without class distinction
C. to speak English with class distinction
D. to speak English with grammar mistakes
54. The word "prerogative" in the passage (Para.5, Line 3) probably means
A. preference B. exclusive right C. expression D. inborn ability
- 细节判断题
- A 选项 “英语使用在上世纪变化不大”：与首句 “As the English language has changed at a fast speed in the last century” 矛盾，A 错误；
- B 选项 “BBC 播音员说标准英语”：对应第二段 “the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English”，B 正确；
- C 选项 “英语现在与阶级和社会地位无关”：第三段提到 “hallmarks of class distinction... have been gradually discarded”，但 “逐渐摒弃” 不等于 “完全无关”，C 绝对化表述错误；
- D 选项 “年轻人说英语的方式都一样”：文中未提及 “方式完全相同”，仅说年轻人摒弃阶级区分的语言特征，D 无中生有错误。
- 考点延伸：细节判断题需注意 “绝对化表述”（如 no、all、never）的陷阱，同时精准匹配原文语义，避免过度解读。
- 细节定位题
题干关键词 “young people” 对应第三段 “especially by the younger generation”，前文提到 “hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded”，即年轻人逐渐摒弃体现阶级差异的语言风格，趋势是 “无阶级区分地说英语”，B 正确；
A 选项 “说标准英语” 与第四段 “it was not necessary to speak Standard English” 矛盾；C 选项 “有阶级区分” 与原文相反；D 选项 “有语法错误” 文中未提及，排除。
- 考点延伸：细节定位需锁定 “关键词 + 上下文逻辑”，明确 “现象→结论” 的关联，避免被无关信息干扰。
- 词义推断题
根据上下文 “the fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of classlessness”，“不再是特权阶级的…… 而是无阶级的反抗表达”，前后形成对比，“prerogative” 应表 “特权、专属权利”；
A. preference（偏好）、C. expression（表达）、D. inborn ability（天赋）均不符合语境，B 正确。
- 考点延伸：词义推断题需依托 “上下文语义对比、逻辑关联”，而非孤立记忆单词，考博英语常考查熟词生义或抽象词汇，需强化语境分析能力。
One billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved? Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build enormous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. Suggestions such as these prove extremely costly when they are actually used. One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.
Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly interested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg (about 1/2 miles square) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to insulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.
The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water- most of the iceberg is below the surface,which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops; thus,they would be much easier to move.
Questions 58-60 are based on the above passage.
58. Icebergs from the South Pole probably are easier to transport because
A. most of the icebergs are below the surface B. they are flat and float like table tops
C. only a small portion shows above the water D. they are closest to the areas that need water
60. From the passage we can infer that
A. scientists are optimistic about the possibility of using icebergs as a source of water
B. the chances of using the icebergs as a source of water are slim
C. there are too many problems to be solved as to using icebergs as a source of water
D. it is just a fantasy for human to transport icebergs to the places short of fresh water
- 细节定位题
题干关键词 “South Pole icebergs”“easier to transport” 对应第三段 “South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops; thus,they would be much easier to move”，直接明确原因是 “平坦且像桌面一样漂浮”，B 正确；
A、C 选项是北极冰山的特征，与题干不符；D 选项 “离缺水地区更近” 文中未提及，排除。
- 考点延伸：细节题中 “on the other hand”“thus” 等逻辑词是答案定位的关键，需重点关注 “对比关系 + 因果逻辑”。
- 推理判断题
文中首段提到 “moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future”，第二段 “Engineers... have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water”，最后一段 “scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future”，均体现科学家对 “冰山作为水源” 的乐观态度，A 正确；
B、C、D 选项均为 “悲观态度”，与原文 “reasonable possibility”“possible” 矛盾，排除。
- 考点延伸：推理题需基于 “原文明确表述 + 合理推断”，避免过度放大 “存在问题” 而否定整体可能性，考博英语阅读理解常考查 “作者态度 + 未来趋势” 的推断。
以《考博英语核心词汇 2000 词》为核心，重点积累 “学术场景高频词”（如 research、innovation、interdisciplinary）和 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 固定搭配（如 compensate for、derive from）；结合真题语境记忆，避免孤立背词，提升词汇应用能力。
精读 “科技、社会、学术” 类题材文章，训练 “关键词定位→原文语义分析→选项排除” 的解题流程；重点关注 “细节题的绝对化表述陷阱”“推理题的合理推断边界”“词义题的语境关联”，总结各类题型的解题技巧，提升准确率。
关注 “学术创业、科技发展、社会热点” 等议题，积累 “博士教育特色” 相关表达（如 academic independence、research-practice integration）；构建 “开篇立意→分论点 + 案例→辩证分析→结尾升华” 的固定框架，每段围绕 “学术性 + 逻辑性” 展开，避免口语化表达，体现博士研究生的思辨能力与专业素养。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语的综合应试能力，助力顺利上岸上海交通大学博士研究生。
您现在的位置： 