Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
3. The pilot spoke to the passengers to ______ their fears when the plane was hit by a storm.
A. choke B. strike C. deter D. allay
5. The medicine ______ his pain but did not cure his illness.
A. activated B. alleviated C. mediated D. deteriorated
6. When traveling, you are advised to take traveler's checks, which provide a secure ______ to carrying your money in cash.
A. substitute B. selection C. preference D. alternative
7. Many great scientists ______ their success to hard work.
A. portray B. ascribe C. impart D. acknowledge
9. Don't trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never ______ with the facts.
A. symmetrical B. comparative C. compatible D. harmonious
- 词义与语境解析
- A. choke（窒息、抑制）：侧重 “物理窒息或情感压抑”，如 “choke with anger”，与 “缓解恐惧” 无关，排除；
- B. strike（打击、撞击）：如 “strike a blow”，无 “安抚” 含义，排除；
- C. deter（阻止、威慑）：搭配为 “deter sb. from doing”，表 “阻止某人做某事”，与句意不符，排除；
- D. allay（减轻、缓解）：专指 “缓解恐惧、焦虑等负面情绪”，句意为 “飞机遭遇风暴时，飞行员向乘客讲话以缓解他们的恐惧”，符合语境。
- 考点延伸：考博英语常考查 “情绪类动词” 的精准搭配，“allay fears/anxiety”“alleviate pain/suffering”“ease worries” 为高频固定搭配，需分类记忆。
- 词义辨析
- A. activated（激活、启动）：如 “activate a device”，与 “疼痛” 搭配不当，排除；
- B. alleviated（减轻、缓和）：侧重 “减轻痛苦、压力等”，句中 “药物减轻疼痛但未治愈疾病”，符合逻辑；
- C. mediated（调解、斡旋）：多用于 “人际矛盾、国际争端”，如 “mediate a conflict”，排除；
- D. deteriorated（恶化、变坏）：与句意 “缓解疼痛” 相反，排除。
- 考点延伸：此类 “动词 + 名词” 固定搭配是词汇题核心考点，需区分 “alleviate（减轻负面事物）”“enhance（提升正面事物）”“promote（促进发展）” 的语义边界。
- 词义与搭配解析
- A. substitute（替代品）：固定搭配为 “substitute for sth.”，且侧重 “完全替代原有事物”，旅行支票并非 “替代现金”，而是 “备选方案”，排除；
- B. selection（选择）：强调 “从多个选项中挑选”，如 “selection of goods”，无 “备选方式” 含义，排除；
- C. preference（偏好）：搭配为 “preference for”，表 “对某物的偏爱”，与语境无关，排除；
- D. alternative（备选方案、替代选择）：搭配为 “alternative to sth.”，句意为 “旅行时建议携带旅行支票，这是比携带现金更安全的备选方式”，符合语法与语义。
- 考点延伸：“alternative” 与 “substitute” 的核心区别在于 “alternative” 强调 “两者择一的备选”，“substitute” 强调 “完全替代原有事物”，需结合语境精准区分。
- 固定搭配解析
- A. portray（描绘、刻画）：如 “portray a character”，无 “归因” 含义，排除；
- B. ascribe（归因于）：固定搭配 “ascribe sth. to sth.”，句意为 “许多伟大的科学家将他们的成功归因于勤奋工作”，符合语境；
- C. impart（传授、给予）：搭配为 “impart knowledge to sb.”，排除；
- D. acknowledge（承认、感谢）：如 “acknowledge one's mistake”，无 “归因” 功能，排除。
- 考点延伸：考博英语高频归因类搭配还包括 “attribute sth. to sth.”“owe sth. to sb.”，需注意 “ascribe/attribute” 用法一致，“owe” 侧重 “将成功归功于某人”。
- 词义与语境解析
- A. symmetrical（对称的）：多用于描述物理形态，如 “symmetrical design”，与 “言论和事实” 无关，排除；
- B. comparative（比较的）：如 “comparative study”，无 “一致” 含义，排除；
- C. compatible（兼容的、一致的）：固定搭配 “compatible with”，句意为 “不要再相信这位演讲者，因为他在讲座中的言论从未与事实相符”，符合语义；
- D. harmonious（和谐的）：侧重 “关系、氛围和谐”，如 “harmonious relationship”，不用于 “言论与事实” 的搭配，排除。
- 考点延伸：“compatible with” 与 “consistent with” 均表 “与…… 一致”，为考博英语高频同义搭配，需灵活运用。
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Americans are proud of their economic system, believing it provides opportunities for citizens to have good lives. Their faith is founded on the hope that through hard work, anyone can succeed. Higher wages, have helped reduce poverty but have not eliminated the problem. Similarly, periods of strong economic growth have helped many but have not eradicated poverty. The federal government defines a minimum amount of income necessary for the maintenance of a family of four. This amount may fluctuate depending on the location of the family... The percentage of people living below the poverty line dropped from 22.4 percent in 1959 to 11.4 percent in 1978. But since then it has fluctuated, rising to 15.1 percent in 1983 and declining again to 12.7 percent in 1998... What is more, the overall figures mask the fact that poverty rates vary dramatically among population groups. For example, the poverty rate for African-Americans is much higher than the national average. In 1998, 26.1 percent of African-Americans were classified as poor, compared with 12.7 percent of the total population. Families headed by single mothers are particularly susceptible to poverty. As a result of this phenomenon, almost one in five children (18.9 percent) was poor in 1998. The poverty rate was 36.7 percent among African-American children and 34.4 percent among Hispanic children.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the above passage.
51. According to the text, poverty in America
A. is a main concern of the U. S. government
B. can be eradicated by strong economic growth
C. is a marginal issue for the country
D. is a persisting problem in many areas
53. The third paragraph tells us that the percentage of people living in poverty in America
A. has continued to decline since 1959
B. has not changed much since 1959
C. has not improved much since 1978
D. fluctuated only slightly between 1959 and 1978
54. We can conclude from this text that the current percentage of African-Americans living in poverty
A. is significantly higher than the overall national rate
B. has not improved in the last quarter century
C. is largely comprised of single mothers
D. has created racial tension in the country
- 主旨细节题
- A 选项 “是美国政府的主要关注点”：文中仅提及政府制定贫困线，未说明是 “主要关注点”，无依据，排除；
- B 选项 “可通过强劲经济增长根除”：与原文 “periods of strong economic growth have helped many but have not eradicated poverty” 矛盾，排除；
- C 选项 “对国家而言是边缘问题”：文中多次提及贫困率数据及不同群体的贫困现状，说明贫困是重要社会问题，排除；
- D 选项 “在许多地区是长期存在的问题”：原文 “have helped reduce poverty but have not eliminated the problem”“since then it has fluctuated” 均体现贫困问题持续存在，正确。
- 考点延伸：主旨细节题需把握 “原文明确表述 + 排除绝对化选项”，考博英语中 “eradicate”“eliminate” 等表 “完全消除” 的词汇常为干扰项，需结合原文语义判断。
- 数据定位题
题干关键词 “percentage of people living in poverty” 对应原文 “The percentage of people living below the poverty line dropped from 22.4 percent in 1959 to 11.4 percent in 1978. But since then it has fluctuated, rising to 15.1 percent in 1983 and declining again to 12.7 percent in 1998”，1978 年后贫困率波动且整体未显著下降，即 “自 1978 年以来未明显改善”，C 正确；
A 选项 “1959 年后持续下降” 与 “1978 年后波动上升” 矛盾；B 选项 “1959 年后变化不大” 与 “1959-1978 年大幅下降” 不符；D 选项 “1959-1978 年轻微波动” 与 “下降超 10 个百分点” 矛盾，排除。
- 考点延伸：数据类题目需精准定位时间节点与对应数据，重点关注 “but”“however” 等转折词后的语义，避免被前期数据误导。
- 细节推理题
原文 “26.1 percent of African-Americans were classified as poor, compared with 12.7 percent of the total population” 明确非洲裔美国人贫困率（26.1%）远高于全国平均水平（12.7%），A 正确；
B 选项 “过去 25 年未改善”：文中未提及 1998 年后的数据，无法推断，排除；
C 选项 “主要由单身母亲构成”：原文 “Families headed by single mothers are particularly susceptible to poverty” 指单身母亲家庭易贫困，而非非洲裔贫困群体主要是单身母亲，排除；
D 选项 “引发种族紧张”：文中未提及 “种族紧张”，无中生有，排除。
- 考点延伸：推理题需 “基于原文数据合理推断”，避免过度解读 “未提及的关联”（如贫困率与种族紧张的关系）。
In the college admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. I've twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids' college background as a prize demonstrating how well we've raised them. But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we've contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths or myths. It actually doesn't matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won't be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausible—and mostly wrong. We haven't found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don't systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools. On two measures—professors' feedback and the number of essay exams—selective schools do slightly worse.
Questions 66 to 68 are based on the above passage.
66. Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college admissions wars?
A. They have the final say in which university their children can attend.
B. They know best which universities are most suitable for their children.
C. They have to carry out intensive research on universities before children apply.
D. They care more about which college their children attend than the children themselves.
68. What does the author mean by "Kids count more than their colleges" (Line 1, Para.4)?
A. Continuing education is more important to a person's success.
B. A person's happiness should be valued more than their education.
C. Kids' actual abilities are more important than their college backgrounds.
D. What kids learn at college cannot keep up with job market requirements.
- 语义推理题
原文 “We see our kids' college background as a prize demonstrating how well we've raised them. But we can't acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them” 明确家长将孩子的大学背景视为 “自己育儿成功的奖励”，痴迷程度远超孩子本身，即 “家长更在意孩子上哪所大学”，D 正确；
A 选项 “对孩子上哪所大学有最终决定权”、B 选项 “最了解适合孩子的大学”、C 选项 “需深入研究大学” 文中均未提及，排除。
- 考点延伸：语义推理题需聚焦 “隐含逻辑”，如原文 “obsession is more about us than them” 是解题关键，需准确把握 “家长行为的核心动机”。
- 句意推断题
前文提及 “精英大学学位的价值缺乏令人信服的证据”“精英大学的教学方法并不优于普通大学”，后文进一步说明 “孩子本身比大学更重要”，即 “孩子的实际能力比大学背景更关键”，C 正确；
A 选项 “继续教育更重要”、B 选项 “幸福比教育重要”、D 选项 “大学所学跟不上职场需求” 均与上下文语义无关，排除。
- 考点延伸：句意推断题需结合 “上下文逻辑链”，前文否定 “大学 prestige” 的重要性，后文强调 “孩子自身”，由此推断句意核心为 “能力＞学历背景”。
以《考博英语核心词汇 3000 词》为核心，重点积累 “情绪类、归因类、逻辑类” 高频词汇（如 allay、alleviate、ascribe、compatible），分类记忆固定搭配（如 “ascribe to”“compatible with”）；结合真题语境理解词汇用法，避免孤立背词。
精读 “社会现象、学术教育” 类题材文章，训练 “关键词定位→数据对比→选项排除” 的解题流程；重点关注 “转折词后的语义”“数据时间节点”“隐含逻辑推导”，总结细节题、推理题的解题技巧，提升准确率。
关注 “个人体验与深度思考” 类话题，积累 “具象事物→抽象意义” 的表达逻辑（如颜色→人生态度→学术追求）；构建 “开篇立意→分论点 + 案例 / 依据→结尾升华” 的固定框架，每段围绕 “感性体验 + 理性分析” 展开，避免口语化表达，体现博士研究生的思辨能力与文字功底。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语的综合应试能力，助力顺利上岸上海理工大学博士研究生。
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