Directions: Choose the best answer from A, B, C, D to complete each sentence, ensuring the grammar is correct and the meaning is coherent.
21. _with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. While comparing B. Compare C. Comparing D. When compared
35. Only under special circumstances _to take make-up tests.
A. freshmen are permitted B. are freshmen permitted C. permitted are freshmen D. are permitted freshmen
38. The residents, _had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes B. all of their homes C. all their homes D. all of whose homes
40. Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by "drugs" that aren't really drugs at all, _sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.
A. or rather B. but rather C. rather than D. other than
50. _right now, she would get there by Sunday.
A. If she leaves B. If she had left C. Would she leave D. Were she to leave
- 语法解析
句意为 “与整个地球的大小相比，最高的山峰看起来一点也不高”。此处考查 “状语从句的省略”，当从句主语与主句主语一致（或从句主语为 it），且从句谓语含 be 动词时，可省略从句主语和 be 动词。完整结构为 “When the highest mountain is compared with...”，省略后简化为 “When compared”。
- 考点延伸：同类省略结构常见于 while、if、though 等引导的状语从句（如 While (he was) working, he heard a noise）；需区分 compare 的主动与被动用法 ——“compare A with B”（主动，主语为人）、“A is compared with B”（被动，主语为物），本题主句主语 “the highest mountain” 与 compare 为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
- 语法解析
句意为 “只有在特殊情况下，新生才被允许参加补考”。此处考查 “only + 状语” 置于句首时的部分倒装结构，规则为 “only + 状语（介词短语、状语从句等）→助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词提到主语前”。原句正常语序为 “Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances”，倒装后助动词 are 提前，形成 “are freshmen permitted”。
- 考点延伸：only 修饰主语时无需倒装（如 Only freshmen are permitted）；若状语为从句，从句不倒装、主句倒装（如 Only when they meet the requirements are they permitted），考博英语常考查这一细节差异。
- 语法解析
句意为 “那些家园被洪水毁坏的居民得到了红十字会的帮助”。此处考查 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为 “the residents”，表示 “居民的家园” 需用 “whose homes”；“all of whose homes” 强调 “所有居民的家园”，符合语境。
- 考点延伸：同类结构还有 “some of whom”“many of which”（如 The students, some of whom are from abroad, are hardworking）；需区分 “whose” 与 “of which”——whose 可修饰人或物，of which 仅修饰物（如 The house, the windows of which are broken, is empty）。
- 语法解析
句意为 “有时，遭受剧痛的患者可以通过‘药物’得到缓解，而这些‘药物’根本不是真正的药物，而是不含活性化学成分的糖丸”。此处考查固定搭配 “not...but rather...”，表示 “不是…… 而是……”，强调对前文的否定与后文的肯定，符合 “假药物实为糖丸” 的逻辑。
- 考点延伸：区分近义词组 ——or rather（更确切地说）、rather than（而不是，表选择）、other than（除了）；考博英语中固定搭配的语境适配是高频考点，需结合句意精准判断。
- 语法解析
句意为 “如果她现在出发，周日就能到达那里”。此处考查 “虚拟语气的倒装结构”，表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句用 “would + 动词原形”，从句谓语用 “were to + 动词原形”，倒装时省略 if，将 were 提到主语前，形成 “Were she to leave”。
- 考点延伸：虚拟语气的倒装仅适用于 if 从句含 were、had、should 的情况（如 Had he studied hard, he would have passed；Should it rain, we will cancel the trip）；需牢记不同时间虚拟的从句与主句时态搭配，这是考博英语语法的重点难点。
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the development of computer technology. The new technology offers it limited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes.
Theft of data, or data crime, is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer program. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm's competitors to foreign nations. A competitor sabotages a company's computer system to destroy or cripple the firm's operational ability. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime. Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base, A university computer facility involved in national defense work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been proved. One study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had pulled a trigger. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a new form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative effort, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiring a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
Questions:
71. What does "data crime" refer to?
A. Theft of valuable contract. B. Theft of useful e-mail. C. Theft of precious computer program. D. Theft of advanced operating system.
73. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Government computer system isn't secure enough to resist against sabotage.
B. The investigators have already cut off the cooperation between criminal group and foreign governments.
C. Personal computer system can't protect itself against damaging.
D. Computer is vulnerable to attack from politically motivated groups and organized criminal syndicates.
75. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. International police force has the ability to defeat computer crimes.
B. The nations around the world have made cooperative efforts to fight against computer crimes.
C. People have realized the modern computer crimes are distinct from the traditional ones.
D. There is a long way to go to diminish the computer crimes.
- 解题思路
- 定位原文：第二段首句 “Theft of data, or data crime, is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer program”，明确 “数据犯罪” 的核心是 “盗窃或复制有价值的计算机程序”，与选项 C 完全对应。
- 排除干扰：A（贵重合同盗窃）、B（有用邮件盗窃）、D（高级操作系统盗窃）均未在原文提及，原文强调 “valuable computer program”，而非具体的合同、邮件或操作系统，属于偷换概念。
- 考点延伸：阅读理解细节题需精准定位关键词（如本题 “data crime”），避免被同义替换或无关信息干扰；考博英语中 “定义类题目” 常直接对应原文明确表述，需快速锁定核心句。
- 解题思路
- 定位原文：第三段 “Computer vulnerability has been proved... Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups”，说明计算机存在漏洞，有组织犯罪集团与政治动机团体均会对其发起攻击，与选项 D 一致。
- 排除干扰：A（政府计算机系统不安全）原文表述为 “neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected”，A 仅提及政府系统，片面；B（调查人员已切断犯罪集团与外国政府合作）与原文 “uncovered evidence of cooperation”（发现合作证据）矛盾；C（个人计算机系统无法自保）原文未明确提及 “个人计算机”，属于过度推断。
- 考点延伸：正误判断题需逐一核对选项与原文，注意 “绝对化表述”（如 B 中 “have already cut off”）、“片面化表述”（如 A）的陷阱，优先选择表述严谨、涵盖全面的选项。
- 解题思路
- 定位原文：最后一段 “Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology”，说明犯罪分子已适应计算机技术，但执法部门仍停留在传统犯罪学思维，未跟上技术发展，由此可推断 “打击计算机犯罪仍有很长的路要走”，与选项 D 契合。
- 排除干扰：A（国际警方有能力击败计算机犯罪）、B（世界各国已合作打击）原文均未提及，属于无中生有；C（人们已意识到计算机犯罪与传统犯罪不同）与原文 “law enforcement has not”（执法部门未适应）矛盾，说明尚未充分认识。
- 考点延伸：推理题需基于原文信息合理推断，避免主观臆断；考博英语中常通过 “转折关系”（如 although）引出核心观点，需重点关注转折后的内容。
以考博英语核心语法（倒装、虚拟语气、定语从句、非谓语动词等）为重点，结合真题中的高频考点进行专项训练；整理错题本，总结语法规则的例外情况与语境适配技巧，避免机械记忆。
每天精读 1-2 篇学术类议论文或说明文，训练 “关键词定位→原文溯源→选项辨析” 的解题流程；重点关注转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系词，提升对文章结构与作者观点的把握能力；积累学术词汇，扩大阅读量。
翻译训练中，重点练习句型转换与词汇精准对应，避免直译生硬；写作时，构建 “开头引入→主体论证→结尾升华” 的固定框架，积累学术化词汇与句型，同时注重逻辑衔接与观点深度，避免泛泛而谈。
严格按照考试时间模拟真题作答，提升答题速度与时间分配能力；做完后深入分析错题原因，总结语法、阅读、写作的命题规律，针对性弥补薄弱环节。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸沈阳工业大学博士研究生。
您现在的位置： 