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考博英语是博士研究生入学核心考核科目，沈阳工业大学 2020 年考博英语涵盖阅读理解、翻译、写作三大核心模块，重点考查学术英语理解、语言转换与主题表达能力。以下为该真题精选样本及高分答案详解，供考生参考答题逻辑与核心考点。若需完整的英语考博真题、专业课考博真题及深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购，助力高效备考。
The extent and limits of ape (猿) intelligence is a hot area in science, but most of the research has focused on cognition. Now a team of scientists has turned the spotlight on emotions, and how well apes can read the human kind as displayed in our facial expressions.
A paper in the September issue of the journal Developmental Science describes studies from the Wolfgang Kohler Primate Research Center in Leipzig, Germany. In the first test, a researcher sat at a table on one side of a panel while an ape sat on the other side. Two opaque boxes rested on the table. The scientist opened one box (making sure the ape could not see inside) and smiled with pleasure. He next opened the other and made a disgusted face. The ape was then allowed to reach through one of the holes in the panel and pick one box. Which would he choose?
In 57 percent of the tests, the ape chose the box that elicited a smile from the scientist rather than an expression of disgust. Good choice. The box that brought the smile contained a grape, and the ape was rewarded for his perspicacity (敏锐) in reading human facial expressions. The other box contained dead insects. The apes’ skill at reading an expression of happiness indicates that they can read meaning in the emotional expressions on human faces, suggesting that despite 6 million years of separate evolution apes and humans share a common emotional language.
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The Wolfgang Kohler Primate Research Center is studying ________.
A) how apes express their emotions
B) how apes understand our emotions
C) the difference between apes’ and human’s emotions
D) the difference between apes’ cognition and emotions
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In the first test, apes tended to choose the box with a grape inside because ________.
A) they knew their good choice would be rewarded
B) they read the indication of emotions on human faces
C) they related the expression of happiness to a reward in the box
D) they were more sensitive to expression of happiness than disgust
Minshuku (民宿) refer to family-run inns or private houses providing meals and accommodation for tourists. In the early 1960s, the sparse (稀疏) farm population in the southwest and central Britain began to run minshuku in order to increase their income. As the minshuku industry in Japan flourishes rapidly, there has also arisen lots of minshuku in southern areas of China.
Directions: Write a composition of about 200 words on the topic "My Viewpoint on Online Education". You are to write in three parts: 1. Make an introduction to the popularity of online education during the epidemic. 2. Illustrate your views on the advantages and disadvantages of online education. 3. Bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
- 考点定位：本题考查细节信息提取，是阅读理解部分的基础考点，考查对研究核心主题的精准把握。
- 答案详解：
原文明确提到 “now a team of scientists has turned the spotlight on emotions, and how well apes can read the human kind as displayed in our facial expressions”，即研究聚焦 “猿类如何解读人类面部表情所传递的情感”，也就是 “猿类如何理解人类的情感”，故选 [B]。
[A]“猿类如何表达自身情感”、[C]“猿类与人类情感的差异”、[D]“猿类认知与情感的差异” 均未在原文提及，原文核心是 “猿类对人类情感的解读”，故排除。
- 考点定位：本题考查细节因果关系，是阅读理解部分的核心考点，考查对实验现象背后原因的精准推断。
- 答案详解：
原文指出 “the ape was rewarded for his perspicacity in reading human facial expressions”，明确猿类选择装有葡萄的盒子，是因为它们能敏锐解读人类的面部表情（微笑传递积极信号，厌恶传递消极信号），故选 [B]。
[A]“知道正确选择会被奖励” 是实验结果，而非选择的原因；[C]“将快乐表情与盒子里的奖励关联” 过度解读，原文未提及 “预先关联”，仅强调 “解读表情” 的能力；[D]“对快乐表情比厌恶表情更敏感” 无依据，实验结果仅体现猿类能区分两种表情，未比较敏感度，故排除。
民宿指的是由家庭经营的小旅馆或私人住宅，为游客提供餐饮和住宿服务。20 世纪 60 年代初，英国西南部和中部地区稀疏的农场人口为增加收入，开始经营民宿。随着日本民宿产业的迅速发展，中国南方地区也涌现出了大量民宿。
- 考点定位：本题考查说明类文本英译汉，核心考查术语精准、句式连贯及时态准确，是翻译部分的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
- 术语精准：“Minshuku” 译为 “民宿”（标准译法），“family-run inns” 译为 “家庭经营的小旅馆”，“accommodation” 译为 “住宿服务”，符合中文表达习惯。
- 句式优化：将英文长句拆分重组，如 “providing meals and accommodation for tourists” 译为 “为游客提供餐饮和住宿服务”，避免中文句式冗长；“the sparse farm population” 译为 “稀疏的农场人口”，准确传递语义。
- 时态与逻辑：“in the early 1960s” 对应 “20 世纪 60 年代初”，过去时态准确转换；“as” 译为 “随着”，明确前后句的因果递进关系，使译文逻辑清晰。
- 考点定位：本题聚焦时政热点类议论文写作，核心考查对 “在线教育” 的辩证分析与结构化表达能力，是考博英语写作的核心考点。
- 答案详解：
My Viewpoint on Online Education
During the COVID-19 epidemic, online education witnessed an unprecedented boom. With schools and universities closed to prevent the spread of the virus, platforms like Tencent Classroom and Zoom became the main venues for teaching and learning, making online education a universal choice for students of all ages.
Online education boasts obvious advantages. Firstly, it breaks geographical barriers, allowing students to access high-quality educational resources from top teachers regardless of their location. Secondly, it offers flexible schedules, enabling learners to arrange study time according to their own needs, which is especially convenient for working professionals and part-time students. However, it also has drawbacks. Poor internet connection can disrupt classes, and the lack of face-to-face interaction may reduce students’ engagement and make it difficult for teachers to monitor learning effects. Additionally, prolonged screen time is harmful to students’ eyesight and may lead to distraction.
In conclusion, online education is a valuable supplement to traditional education, especially in special circumstances like the epidemic. To maximize its benefits, we should address its shortcomings by improving internet infrastructure, optimizing teaching methods, and enhancing interaction between teachers and students. By combining the advantages of both online and offline education, we can create a more effective and inclusive educational system.
- 结构：严格遵循 “引入背景 — 分析优缺点 — 总结展望” 的三段式要求，层次清晰，符合题目指令；
- 内容：结合疫情背景，论据贴合实际，优缺点分析全面，符合 200 词左右要求；
- 语言：使用 “unprecedented boom, geographical barriers, flexible schedules, inclusive educational system” 等学术词汇，句式多样（定语从句、分词短语、并列句），表达规范流畅。
以上仅为沈阳工业大学 2020 年考博英语真题的部分样本解析。完整的该科目全套真题、其他年份考博英语真题及专业课考博真题、深度解析，可通过页面顶部栏目选购。考博英语备考需注重阅读理解的细节定位与因果推断、翻译的语义精准及写作的逻辑构建，建议结合完整真题强化专项训练，提升应试能力。
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