Directions: There are 30 blanks in this part. For each there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
- The _in Janet's character has hindered her from advancement in her career.
A. weakness B. merit C. defect D. shortcoming
- Under this pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.
A. intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky
- When Tasuma first came to the U.S, from Japan, he wasn't sure he could into American culture,but after a few months, he felt at home here.
A. absorb B. transform C. digest D. assimilate
- Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly -to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather sensitive people.
A. subjective B. subordinate C. liable D. vulnerable
- The bar in the club is for the use of its members.
A. extensive B. exclusive C. inclusive D. comprehensive
- 词汇辨析与语境解析
句意为 “珍妮特性格中的缺陷阻碍了她的职业发展”。“defect” 侧重指人或事物本身存在的、影响整体功能的根本性缺陷，与 “阻碍职业发展” 的语境高度契合；“weakness”（弱点）侧重指能力或性格上的不足，程度较轻；“merit”（优点）与语境矛盾；“shortcoming”（短处）侧重指行为或习惯上的小缺点，不涉及本质性问题，故排除 A、B、D。
- 考点延伸：考博英语词汇题常考查近义词的语义侧重，需重点区分 “缺陷类” 词汇（defect/weakness/shortcoming/flaw）的使用场景，避免语义混淆。
- 词汇辨析与语境解析
句意为 “在这种强烈的压力下，部分岩石甚至变成了液体”。“intense” 强调程度 “强烈的、剧烈的”，可修饰压力、温度等抽象或具体事物，符合 “岩石液化” 的极端语境；“intensive”（集中的、密集的）侧重强调数量或频率，如 intensive training；“weighty”（沉重的、重要的）多修饰责任、问题等；“bulky”（庞大的、笨重的）修饰体型或物体体积，故排除 A、B、D。
- 考点延伸：形近词（intense/intensive）是考博英语高频考点，需通过 “语义侧重 + 搭配场景” 记忆，避免因形式相似导致误选。
- 词汇辨析与语境解析
句意为 “田须真从日本初到美国时，不确定自己能否融入美国文化，但几个月后他便感觉自在了”。“assimilate” 意为 “使同化、融入（文化、群体）”，是跨文化场景的核心词汇；“absorb”（吸收）侧重指吸收物质或知识，不涉及文化融入；“transform”（转变）强调形态或性质的改变；“digest”（消化、理解）侧重指处理信息或食物，故排除 A、B、C。
- 考点延伸：跨文化相关词汇（assimilate/integrate/adapt）在考博英语中频繁出现，需结合 “融入程度” 区分语义，如 assimilate 强调完全融入，integrate 强调兼顾自身特色的融入。
- 词汇辨析与语境解析
句意为 “一些研究人员认为，某些人的神经系统特别容易受到干热风的影响，他们就是我们所说的天气敏感人群”。“vulnerable to” 为固定搭配，意为 “易受…… 影响的、易受…… 伤害的”，符合 “天气敏感” 的语境；“subjective”（主观的）、“subordinate”（从属的）与语境无关；“liable to” 虽有 “可能的” 之意，但侧重指 “有…… 倾向的”，不强调 “易受外界影响”，故排除 A、B、C。
- 考点延伸：固定搭配 “be + 形容词 + to” 是考博英语词汇题的核心考点，需积累 “vulnerable to”“prone to”“susceptible to” 等近义搭配的语义差异。
- 词汇辨析与语境解析
句意为 “俱乐部内的酒吧仅供会员专用”。“exclusive” 意为 “独家的、专用的”，符合 “俱乐部会员专属” 的场景；“extensive”（广泛的）、“inclusive”（包含的）、“comprehensive”（全面的）均无法体现 “专属使用” 的含义，故排除 A、C、D。
- 考点延伸：形容词的场景适配性是考博英语词汇考查的重点，需结合 “专属 / 公共、广泛 / 具体” 等语义维度区分词汇，如 exclusive 与 inclusive 为语义反义词，常成对考查。
Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him. It is the moment when his emotions achieve their most powerful sway over him, and afterward when you say to this person "the world today" or "life" or "reality", he will assume that you mean this moment, even if it is fifty years past. The world, through his unleashed emotions, imprinted itself upon him, and he carries the stamp of that passing moment forever.
For me, this moment-four years in a moment in history-was the war. The war was and is reality for me, I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere. There are some of its characteristics: Franklin Delano Roosevelt is the president of the United States, and he always has been. The other two eternal world leaders are Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin. America is not, never has been, and never will be what the song and poems call it, a land of plenty.
Nylon, meal, gasoline, and steel are rare. There are too many jobs and not enough workers, Money is very easy to earn but rather hard to spend, because there isn't very much to buy. Trains are always late and always crowded with "service men". The war will always be fought very far from America, and it will never end. Nothing in America stands still for very long, including the people who are always either leaving or on leave. People in America cry often. Sixteen is the key and crucial and natural age for a human being to be, and people of all other ages are ranged in an orderly manner ahead of and behind you as a harmonious setting for the sixteen-year-olds of the world.When you are sixteen, adults are slightly impressed and almost intimidated by you. This is a puzzle finally solved by the realization that they foresee your military future: fighting for them. You do not foresee it. To waste anything in America is immoral. String and tinfoil are treasures, Newspapers are always crowed with strange maps and names of towns, and every few months the earth seems to lurch from its path when you see something in the newspapers, such as the time Mussolini, who almost seemed one of the eternal leaders, is photographed hanging upside down on a meat hook.
Questions:
31. Which statement best depicts the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Reality is what you make of it.
B. Time is like a river.
C. Emotions are powerful.
D. Every person has a special moment.
32. The author still clearly remembers the war because____.
A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President.
B. it was his personal reality and part of his life.
C. there was not much to buy
D. the war would never end.
33. Which statement best describes the author's feeling about the war?
A. It was ever real for him, yet he was not actively involved.
B. It was real for him because he was a soldier at that time.
C. It was very unreal to him.
D. The war was very disruptive to the people at home.
34. The author thinks that adults are impressed with sixteen-year-olds because____.
A. adults would like to be young
B. sixteen-year-olds do not waste things
C. sixteen-year-olds read newspapers
D. they will be fighting soon for adults.
- 解题思路
- 定位原文第一段中心句 “Everyone has a moment in history, which belongs particularly to him”，明确段落核心是 “每个人都有一个特别属于自己的历史瞬间”，与选项 D 完全一致。
- 排除干扰：A（现实是自己创造的）、B（时间如河流）在第一段未提及；C（情感具有力量）是段落提及的细节（情感对瞬间的塑造），并非核心主旨，故排除 A、B、C。
- 考点延伸：主旨题需锁定段落首句或总结句，避免被细节信息误导，优先选择涵盖范围最广、与中心句直接对应的选项。
- 解题思路
- 定位原文第二段 “The war was and is reality for me, I still instinctively live and think in its atmosphere”，明确作者对战争记忆深刻的原因是 “战争过去和现在都是他的现实，已融入生活与思维”，与选项 B 一致。
- 排除干扰：A（罗斯福是总统）、C（没有太多可买的东西）是战争时期的具体特征，并非记忆深刻的核心原因；D（战争永远不会结束）是作者对战争的主观认知，而非记忆深刻的成因，故排除 A、C、D。
- 考点延伸：细节题需关注 “因果逻辑”，通过 “because”“reason” 等关键词定位原文因果关系句，避免选择 “现象描述” 而非 “原因解释” 的选项。
- 解题思路
- 定位原文第二段 “The war was and is reality for me”（战争对他而言始终真实），以及第三段 “you do not foresee it”（你并未预见自己的军事未来），可推断作者 “未积极参与战争，但战争对他而言极具真实性”，与选项 A 一致。
- 排除干扰：B（因是士兵所以觉得真实）与 “you do not foresee it” 矛盾；C（觉得战争不真实）与 “The war was and is reality” 冲突；D（战争对国内民众极具破坏性）是对战争影响的泛泛描述，未体现作者的个人感受，故排除 B、C、D。
- 考点延伸：情感态度题需结合原文 “个人视角的描述”（如 “for me”“I still instinctively live”），避免选择 “客观事实描述” 而非 “主观感受” 的选项。
- 解题思路
- 定位原文第三段 “they foresee your military future: fighting for them”，明确成年人对 16 岁青少年印象深刻的原因是 “预见他们未来会为自己参军作战”，与选项 D 一致。
- 排除干扰：A（成年人想变年轻）、B（16 岁青少年不浪费东西）、C（16 岁青少年读报纸）均未在原文提及，属于无中生有，故排除 A、B、C。
- 考点延伸：细节题需精准定位 “指代关系”，原文 “they” 指代成年人，“your” 指代 16 岁青少年，明确指代对象后可快速锁定答案，避免因指代模糊导致误判。
- 积累学术高频词汇与固定搭配（如 vulnerable to、assimilate into、sustainable development），结合真题例句记忆，避免孤立背诵；
- 针对近义词、形近词进行专项辨析，整理 “语义侧重 + 使用场景” 对照表，如 “缺陷类”“情感类” 词汇的区分；
- 每周精读 1-2 篇学术类文章（如环境、教育、社会类），在语境中巩固词汇应用，提升词汇敏感度。
- 掌握 “关键词定位法”，通过题干中的名词、动词快速锁定原文对应段落，精准提取关键信息；
- 针对不同题型（主旨题、细节题、态度题）总结解题技巧，如主旨题关注首末段中心句，态度题通过情感词汇判断倾向；
- 提升长难句分析能力，重点拆解 “定语从句、状语从句、并列结构”，积累学术文本的常见逻辑连接词（如 however、furthermore、in conclusion）。
- 英译汉时，优先保证语义准确，拆分英文长句，补充必要逻辑连接词，使中文表达自然流畅；汉译英时，注重语法规范与学术词汇使用，贴合英文表达习惯；
- 积累领域词汇（如环境类 “carbon emissions、waste classification”、跨文化类 “assimilate、integrate”），提升翻译的专业性；
- 练习时对照参考译文，分析 “句式转换”“词汇选择” 的差异，针对性修正自身不足，避免直译导致的生硬感。
- 针对 “现实议题类” 写作，搭建 “开篇点题→内涵解析→优势 / 意义→实践措施→总结升华” 的固定框架，减少考场构思时间；
- 积累核心论据素材，如环境类（低碳生活、环境保护）、教育类（终身学习、素质教育）的案例与观点，避免内容空洞；
- 每周仿写 1 篇真题作文，重点关注逻辑衔接、词汇升级与语法准确性，形成个人写作模板与风格，同时注意字数控制与卷面整洁。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸首都师范大学博士研究生。
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