When Mark Zuckerberg posted a picture of himself on Facebook in June,a sharp-eyed observer spotted a piece of tape covering his laptop's camera, The irony didn't go unnoticed; A man whose $350 billion company relies on users feeding it intimate details about their lives is worried about his own privacy. But Zuckerberg is smart to take precautions.
Many of the cameras that can be pointed at us today are easy to spot. But researchers are developing recording devices that can hide in plain sight, some by mimicking animals. A company called Aero Vironment has produced a drone that looks and flies like a hummingbird. Engineers at Carnegie Mellon, NASA, and elsewhere have designed "snakebots" that can maneuver in tight spaces and could be adapted for surveillance. Robotic bugs are in development, too, and engineers at UC Berkeley and in Singapore are developing cyborg beetles—real insects that can be remote-controlled via implanted electrodes and that might someday pack cameras.
With the advent of the Internet of Things, appliances and gadgets will monitor many aspects of our lives, from what we eat to what we flush. Devices we talk to will record and upload our conversations, as Amazon's Echo already does. Even toys will make us vulnerable. Kids say the darndest things, and the talking Hello Barbie doll sends those things wirelessly to a third-party server, where they are analyzed by speech-recognition software and shared with vendors.
Even our thoughts could become hackable. The technology company Retinad can use the sensors on virtual-reality headsets to track users' engagement. Future devices might integrate EEG electrodes to measure brain waves. In August, Berkeley engineers announced that they had produced "neural dust," implantable electrodes just a millimeter wide that can record brain activity for scientific or medical purposes.
As the data collected by all these devices become overwhelming, we'll increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to sift through them and make decisions, says Gary T. Marx, the author of Windows Into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology. Algorithms are already used to identify potential terrorists, as well as to guide criminal sentencing and parole recommendations. Chicago police use an algorithm that analyzes arrest records, social networks, and other data to identify future criminals. Soon, algorithms will likely guide many aspects of personnel management, such as hiring and firing.
Questions:
- The word "sharp-eyed" in the first sentence probably means ______.
[A] able to see very well [B] farsighted [C] shortsighted [D] having good-looking eyes
- According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true?
[A] It is easy to detect many of the cameras watching us today.
[B] Recording devices in the future may be totally invisible.
[C] Some of the coming cameras may be shaped like animals.
[D] Real insects cannot be controlled to spy on people.
- What kind of device is the talking Hello Barbie doll?
[A] It may be a recording and talking machine.
[B] It may be a gadget that is harmful to kids.
[C] It may be a device that tracks its owner's activities.
[D] It may be a domestic appliance that helps people do housework.
- Which of the following best represents the meaning of "hackable" in Paragraph 4?
[A] Hackers can even enter into our head.
[B] Future devices may copy precisely what we are thinking.
[C] Our brains may be stolen by internet hackers.
[D] Implantable devices can record our inner thoughts for scientific purposes.
- In the last paragraph, the author seems to say that ______.
[A] AI will take the place of human beings.
[B] artificial intelligence has its dark side.
[C] artificial intelligence will relieve us of many trivial decisions.
[D] artificial intelligence will eventually control our lives.
- 词汇语境解析
“sharp-eyed” 由 “sharp”（敏锐的）和 “eyed”（眼睛的）构成，结合原文 “spotted a piece of tape covering his laptop's camera”（发现笔记本电脑摄像头被胶带覆盖），可知该词强调 “视觉敏锐、能看清细节”，与选项 A “视力极好” 完全契合。
- 干扰项排除
- B “farsighted”（有远见的）侧重指对未来的预判能力，与 “视觉” 无关；
- C “shortsighted”（近视的、目光短浅的）与语境语义相反；
- D “having good-looking eyes”（眼睛好看）侧重外貌描述，与 “发现细节” 的核心语义不符。
- 学术扩展：考博英语词汇题常考查 “合成词 + 语境语义”，需通过词根词缀拆解结合上下文逻辑推导，避免仅依赖字面意思误判。
- 细节定位与逻辑验证
定位第二段核心信息：“researchers are developing recording devices that can hide in plain sight, some by mimicking animals”（研究人员正在开发可隐藏在视线中的录音设备，部分通过模仿动物外形），以及 “drone that looks and flies like a hummingbird”（形似蜂鸟的无人机）、“cyborg beetles—real insects that can be remote-controlled”（可遥控的半机械甲虫），可知未来部分监控设备会模仿动物外形，选项 C 正确。
- 干扰项排除
- A “容易发现现在的许多监控摄像头” 对应原文 “Many of the cameras that can be pointed at us today are easy to spot”，但选项遗漏 “many”（许多）限定词，表述绝对化，错误；
- B “未来录音设备可能完全隐形” 原文仅提及 “hide in plain sight”（隐藏在视线中），并非 “totally invisible”（完全隐形），语义夸大；
- D “真实昆虫不能被控制用于监视” 与原文 “cyborg beetles—real insects that can be remote-controlled”（可遥控的半机械甲虫）矛盾，错误。
- 学术扩展：细节题需关注 “限定词（many/some 等）+ 语义精准性”，避免被绝对化表述或语义夸大的选项误导。
- 细节定位与功能推导
定位第三段 “the talking Hello Barbie doll sends those things wirelessly to a third-party server”（会说话的 Hello Barbie 娃娃将孩子的话无线发送到第三方服务器），“talking”（会说话）和 “sends those things”（传输话语内容）表明其核心功能是 “说话 + 录音传输”，与选项 A “录音和说话设备” 一致。
- 干扰项排除
- B “对孩子有害的设备” 原文未提及 “有害”，仅强调 “make us vulnerable”（让我们易受影响），无明确伤害性表述；
- C “追踪主人活动的设备” 原文未提及 “活动追踪” 功能，核心是传输话语，错误；
- D “帮助做家务的家用电器” 与 “会说话的娃娃” 的产品属性完全不符，无中生有。
- 学术扩展：功能类细节题需聚焦原文明确提及的核心功能，避免过度联想未提及的附加属性。
- 词汇语义推导
“hackable” 本义为 “可被黑客攻击的”，结合第四段核心逻辑 “Even our thoughts could become hackable”（甚至我们的思想可能被破解），后续举例 “track users' engagement”（追踪用户专注度）、“measure brain waves”（测量脑电波）、“record brain activity”（记录大脑活动），可知该词在此语境中引申为 “思想可被捕捉、复制”，选项 B “未来设备可能精准复制我们的想法” 符合语义。
- 干扰项排除
- A “黑客可进入我们的大脑” 表述具象化，原文侧重 “思想数据被捕捉”，而非物理入侵，错误；
- C “大脑可能被网络黑客偷走” 为字面意思曲解，无科学依据，语义荒谬；
- D “植入式设备可记录思想用于科学研究” 仅为原文举例的 “科学用途”，未涵盖 “hackable”“可被破解” 的核心语义，片面化。
- 学术扩展：考博英语常考查词汇 “语境引申义”，需结合段落核心主题（思想数据化捕捉）推导，避免拘泥于词典本义。
- 段落主旨与作者态度分析
最后一段核心逻辑：“we'll increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to sift through them and make decisions”（我们将越来越依赖人工智能筛选数据并做决策），后续举例 “识别潜在恐怖分子、指导量刑、预测罪犯、人事管理”，均为人工智能辅助人类做决策的场景，说明其可减轻人类决策负担，选项 C 正确。
- 干扰项排除
- A “人工智能将取代人类” 原文未提及 “取代”，仅强调 “辅助决策”，夸大语义；
- B “人工智能有黑暗面” 原文未涉及负面评价，仅客观描述应用场景，无态度倾向；
- D “人工智能最终将控制我们的生活” 表述极端，原文无 “控制” 相关语义，属于过度推断。
- 学术扩展：主旨题需把握段落 “核心观点 + 举例支撑” 逻辑，作者态度通常隐含在客观描述中，避免被极端化选项带偏，需保持 “语义中庸、贴合原文” 的判断原则。
Directions: There are 20 blanks in this part. For each there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
31. Upon returning to their tent after the hike, the campers were surprised to find their boat had ______ away.
[A] flushed [B] floated [C] frowned [D] diverged
33. The airlines charge half-price for the students. ______, I've already bought my ticket to New York.
[A] Incidentally [B] Accidentally [C] Expectantly [D] Coincidentally
36. Before you start, please ______ yourself with the rules of the game.
[A] accustoming [B] directing [C] familiarizing [D] accompanying
39. A well-constructed building must be properly ______.
[A] evaporated [B] ventilated [C] circulated [D] regenerated
40. A comprehensive market system should be established to ______ the flow of talent, funds and materials.
[A] nestle [B] facilitate [C] cultivate [D] activate
- 词汇搭配与语境逻辑
句意为 “徒步返回帐篷后，露营者惊讶地发现他们的船已经漂走了”。“float away” 为固定搭配，意为 “漂走”，符合 “船” 的场景属性；“had floated away” 为过去完成时，体现 “漂走” 发生在 “发现” 之前，时态逻辑通顺。
- 干扰项排除
- A “flushed”（冲洗、脸红）常与 “water”“face” 搭配，与 “boat” 不搭配；
- C “frowned”（皱眉）为表情动作，语义无关；
- D “diverged”（分歧、偏离）侧重指路线或观点差异，无 “漂浮” 语义。
- 学术扩展：考博英语词汇题注重 “动词 + 宾语搭配 + 时态逻辑”，需积累场景化固定搭配，避免孤立记忆词汇。
- 语义逻辑与副词用法
句意为 “航空公司对学生收取半价。顺便说一下，我已经买好了去纽约的机票”。“Incidentally”（顺便说一句）用于引出与主题相关的附加信息，符合上下文逻辑；其余选项均侧重 “意外性”，与 “补充说明” 的语义不符。
- 干扰项排除
- B “Accidentally”（意外地）强调 “偶然发生”，如 “accidentally meet a friend”；
- C “Expectantly”（期待地）侧重情绪状态，与语境无关；
- D “Coincidentally”（巧合地）强调两件事同时发生的偶然性，如 “coincidentally have the same idea”。
- 学术扩展：副词辨析需关注 “语义功能 + 语境逻辑”，考博英语常考查 “附加说明、意外、巧合” 等逻辑副词的精准使用。
- 以考博英语核心词汇为基础，重点记忆固定搭配（如 familiarize with、facilitate the flow of）和介词搭配差异，避免孤立背词；
- 结合词根词缀（如 “vis-” 表视觉，衍生 sharp-eyed、visible）拓展词汇量，提升猜词能力；
- 分类积累场景词汇（如建筑、科技、学术），结合真题语境强化记忆，避免语义混淆。
- 掌握 “关键词定位法”，通过名词、动词快速锁定原文对应段落，精准提取细节信息；
- 针对不同题型（词汇题、细节题、主旨题）总结解题逻辑：词汇题结合词根 + 语境，细节题关注限定词，主旨题把握首尾段核心句；
- 重点训练 “干扰项排除能力”，警惕绝对化表述、语义夸大、无中生有等常见干扰类型。
- 英译汉：拆分英文长句，优化中文句式，确保专业术语准确，逻辑衔接自然；
- 汉译英：精准传递中文语义，注重句式多样性，积累谚语、固定表达的标准译法，避免直译生硬；
- 每日练习 1-2 段学术类翻译（涵盖科技、社会、教育主题），对照参考译文修正表达偏差。
- 针对 “争议类” 话题，固定 “引出争议 - 支持一方 - 支持另一方 - 提出平衡观点” 的写作模板，提升答题效率；
- 积累学术论证素材（如行业案例、学术观点），避免内容空洞；
- 强化 “逻辑衔接词 + 学术词汇” 使用，每周仿写 1 篇真题作文，重点修正语法错误与表达冗余问题。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸四川大学博士研究生。
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