Our sense of smell, which we normally take for granted, is nowadays being increasingly used for purposes which might surprise us if we were aware of them. One area in which smells are created to achieve particular results is marketing. For some time manufacturers have taken advantage of our sense of smell with regard to household goods. Millions of dollars are spent on product research in the hunt for the right smell as it is believed perfume influences the way consumers perceive a brand. In a survey in the United States, when people were asked what was the most important factor in their choice of detergent, smell was rated highly, well above ingredients and price.
Now stores are becoming even more direct in their use of smell. The smell of fresh bread in a supermarket tends to encourage people to buy, and people selling their houses are recommended to have coffee being heated when potential buyers arrive. Suddenly smell is becoming big business. One company specializing in the use of smells to attract customers now has many large stores on its own list of customers. They find that when pleasant smells are filtered through a store's air conditioning system, people tend to spend longer in the store and buy more.
Research shows that smells can increase people's view of the value of a product. In a test, people looked at the same types of shoes in two rooms—one filled with purified air, the other with a smell of mixed flowers. 84% of the people preferred the shoes in the room with the smell of flowers. In fact, many said they would be prepared to pay up to US$10 more for a pair.
Smells also have other potential uses. Some companies are experimenting with different smells to produce different effects at different times of the day. For example, early in the morning they might put the smell of lemon in the air conditioning system to wake people up. In the middle of the morning, when the atmosphere tends to become more tense, the smell of wood could be used to calm people down. Before lunchtime the smell of melting butter would encourage people to go to lunch on time. After lunch, when people often begin to lose concentration, the smell of mint would increase their alertness.
Questions:
5. Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?
[A] How to avoid being affected by smells
[B] Using smells to influence people
[C] The power of our sense of smell
[D] New smells in supermarkets
6. In the survey, when selecting detergent, people considered smell
[A] not important
[B] as important as price
[C] less important than ingredients
[D] more important than price
7. To attract more customers, some large stores
[A] employ a company specializing in the use of smells
[B] provide free coffee for them
[C] filter purified air through air conditioning
[D] decorate themselves with fresh flowers
8. The majority of people in the test (Para.3) preferred
[A] the smell of shoes to that of flowers
[B] the smell of flowers to that of shoes
[C] the shoes in the room with purified air
[D] the shoes in the room with appealing smells
9. According to the passage, which smell is used to increase alertness after lunch?
[A] Lemon
[B] Wood
[C] Mint
[D] Melting butter
- 主旨定位与逻辑推导
文章核心围绕 “气味的应用场景” 展开：首段介绍 “气味在市场营销中的应用”，第二段说明 “商店利用气味吸引顾客”，第三段通过实验证明 “气味提升产品价值感知”，末段拓展 “气味在不同时段的其他作用”。全文始终聚焦 “气味对人的影响及应用”，选项 B 精准涵盖核心主题。
- 干扰项排除
- A “如何避免受气味影响” 与原文 “利用气味” 的核心逻辑相反，无中生有；
- C “嗅觉的力量” 仅为原文铺垫，未体现 “应用” 这一核心，语义宽泛；
- D “超市中的新气味” 仅为第二段局部细节，无法概括全文。
- 学术扩展：考博英语主旨题需把握 “核心动作 + 影响对象”，避免被单一场景或宽泛表述误导。
- 细节定位与语义验证
定位原文首段关键句：“when people were asked what was the most important factor in their choice of detergent, smell was rated highly, well above ingredients and price”（当被问及选择洗涤剂的最重要因素时，气味的评分很高，远高于成分和价格），“well above” 明确 “气味比价格更重要”，选项 D 与原文语义一致。
- 干扰项排除
- A “不重要”、B “与价格同等重要”、C “不如成分重要” 均与 “well above ingredients and price” 矛盾，错误。
- 学术扩展：细节题需关注 “比较级 / 程度副词”（如 well above、far more），精准捕捉选项与原文的语义优先级。
- 细节定位与逻辑梳理
定位原文第二段：“One company specializing in the use of smells to attract customers now has many large stores on its own list of customers”（一家专门利用气味吸引顾客的公司，如今客户名单上有许多大型商店），可推断 “大型商店雇佣该专业公司”，选项 A 正确。
- 干扰项排除
- B “提供免费咖啡” 是 “卖房者” 的做法，非 “大型商店”，偷换主体；
- C “通过空调过滤净化空气” 与原文 “过滤宜人气味” 矛盾；
- D “用鲜花装饰” 原文未提及，无中生有。
- 学术扩展：细节题需注意 “主体匹配”，避免将不同场景的行为混淆。
- 推理逻辑与细节支撑
定位原文第三段：“84% of the people preferred the shoes in the room with the smell of flowers”（84% 的人更喜欢有花香的房间里的鞋子），“the smell of flowers” 属于 “appealing smells（宜人的气味）”，选项 D 是对原文的合理概括。
- 干扰项排除
- A “鞋子气味比花香更受欢迎”、B “花香比鞋子气味更受欢迎” 均偏离 “偏好鞋子” 的核心，原文未对比两种气味本身；
- C “净化空气房间里的鞋子” 与 “84% 偏好花香房间鞋子” 矛盾，错误。
- 学术扩展：推理题需避免 “偷换核心对象”，聚焦题干 “偏好的主体（鞋子）” 而非次要对象（气味）。
- 细节定位与场景匹配
定位原文末段：“After lunch, when people often begin to lose concentration, the smell of mint would increase their alertness”（午饭后，当人们开始注意力不集中时，薄荷味会提高他们的警觉性），直接匹配选项 C。
- 干扰项排除
- A “柠檬味” 用于 “清晨唤醒”，B “木味” 用于 “上午缓解紧张”，D “融化的黄油味” 用于 “午餐前催促进餐”，均与 “午饭后提升警觉性” 场景不符。
- 学术扩展：细节题需关注 “时间 + 功能” 的对应关系，通过场景分类快速锁定答案。
中国坚持生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，因此，要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展，城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步，继续实施积极的财政政策，更加注重向民生领域倾斜，继续实施稳健的货币政策。大力发展公益性文化事业，以农村和中西部地区为重点，加强基层文化设施建设。
China adheres to a civilized development path featuring high-quality production development, affluent living standards, and sound ecological environment, and strives to build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. Therefore, we should make new progress in industrial structure adjustment, independent innovation, energy conservation and emission reduction. The real growth of urban and rural residents' income should keep pace with economic growth. We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy, with more emphasis on tilting towards people's livelihood fields, and maintain a prudent monetary policy. We will vigorously develop public welfare cultural undertakings, focusing on rural areas and the central and western regions, and strengthen the construction of grassroots cultural facilities.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 中文多短句，英文重组为 “主句 + 状语 + 分句” 的复合句：“坚持…… 道路，建设…… 社会” 译为 “adheres to a civilized development path... and strives to build...”，用现在分词 “featuring” 补充道路特征，逻辑更清晰；
- “因此” 译为 “Therefore”，明确因果逻辑；“以…… 为重点” 译为 “focusing on”，用现在分词短语作状语，避免直译 “take... as the focus” 的生硬感。
- 词汇精准与学术规范
- “生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好” 译为 “high-quality production development, affluent living standards, and sound ecological environment”，补充 “high-quality” 体现发展质量，符合学术表达；
- “资源节约型、环境友好型社会” 译为 “resource-conserving and environment-friendly society”，为固定学术表述；
- “积极的财政政策”“稳健的货币政策” 译为 “proactive fiscal policy”“prudent monetary policy”，符合经济领域专业术语；
- “公益性文化事业” 译为 “public welfare cultural undertakings”，“基层文化设施” 译为 “grassroots cultural facilities”，确保语义精准。
- 语义完整与语序调整
- “城乡居民收入实际增长” 译为 “the real growth of urban and rural residents' income”，补充 “real” 体现 “实际”，避免语义偏差；
- “更加注重向民生领域倾斜” 译为 “with more emphasis on tilting towards people's livelihood fields”，调整语序符合英文 “重心后置” 习惯。
- 主旨题关注首尾段及各段首句，提炼 “核心现象 + 影响 / 应用”，避免被局部细节误导；
- 细节题通过 “关键词定位法” 锁定原文，重点关注比较级、程度副词，验证选项与原文语义一致性；
- 推理题避免 “偷换主体、过度推断”，基于原文细节进行合理概括，聚焦题干核心对象。
- 汉译英时，准确翻译政治经济类术语（如 “积极的财政政策”“公益性文化事业”），搭建符合英文习惯的复合句，避免逐字直译；
- 英译汉时，拆分英文长句，适配中文政策表述语气（如 “统筹”“掀起新高潮”），确保文化特色术语准确；
- 积累政治、经济、文化领域高频词汇与固定表达，提升翻译的专业性与流畅度。
- 针对 “社会现象类” 话题，采用 “引出现象 - 分析原因 - 辩证观点 - 解决方案” 的模板，体现客观思辨；
- 积累 “就业压力、教育改革、社会趋势” 等话题的论据素材，结合大学生、高校、社会等多主体分析；
- 每周仿写 1 篇真题作文，重点修正语法错误与逻辑漏洞，提升学术语言表达能力，避免口语化表述。
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