- I'm pleased to hear of your job offer - all that hard work at school has obviously ______.
[A] paid off [B] taken its toll [C] made a difference [D] shown up
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“paid off” 为固定短语,意为 “取得成功、得到回报”,句意为 “听到你获得工作机会我很开心 —— 你在学校的所有努力显然都得到了回报”,完美契合 “努力→收获(工作机会)” 的逻辑关系。
- 干扰项排除
- B “taken its toll” 意为 “造成损失、产生负面影响”,与 “获得工作机会” 的积极语境矛盾;
- C “made a difference” 意为 “有影响、起作用”,侧重 “对某事产生改变”,但未体现 “努力得到实际回报” 的语义,程度不及 “paid off” 精准;
- D “shown up” 意为 “出现、露面”,语义与 “努力” 和 “工作机会” 的关联无关。
- 学术扩展:“paid off” 是考博英语高频短语,常用于描述 “长期努力获得预期成果”,在学术写作中可用于 “研究努力→成果产出”“学习积累→职业发展” 等语境,需重点记忆其 “回报” 的核心语义。
At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it is to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. ... Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified if other countries do not control their emissions. ... Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.
- The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that ______
[A] the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem
[B] many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warm summer
[C] not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions
[D] world technology is not able to solve the problem
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出全球变暖问题难以解决的多重原因:一是部分国家采取的严厉措施会因其他国家不控制排放而失效;二是深度减排会导致世界经济崩溃;三是中低收入大国不愿就能源使用承担法律义务;四是技术水平有限。选项 C “并非所有国家都愿意深度减排” 是核心原因之一,涵盖了 “部分国家拒绝承担减排责任” 的核心语义,与原文 “Important and populous low or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses” 高度契合。
- 干扰项排除
- A “许多国家领导人未充分意识到问题严重性” 与原文 “all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem” 矛盾;
- B “许多人欢迎暖夏带来的全球变暖效应” 是原文末尾提及的次要现象,并非问题难以解决的核心原因;
- D “世界技术无法解决该问题” 是原因之一,但仅为单一因素,选项 C 更全面地体现了 “国家间意愿分歧” 这一核心矛盾,是问题难以解决的关键。
- 学术扩展:考博英语阅读理解 “原因类” 题目需区分 “核心原因” 与 “次要原因”,本题中 “国家间利益分歧(减排意愿)” 是全球环境协议难以达成的核心逻辑,需重点把握 “国际合作→利益冲突→问题无解” 的深层关联。
由于香港的战略位置,面向国际的商业氛围,和优越的通讯条件,使她成为世界贸易的活动中心和亚太地区的神经中枢。香港已和世界上 170 个国家和地区的公司有商业往来,与亚洲其他国家和地区的贸易大幅度增长。香港的集装箱港口是世界上最繁忙的,而且还在进一步扩建。虽然香港开始成为世界金融中心还是最近二十年的事,但现在海外贷款已占到香港银行提供的总贷款的一半以上。当这颗东方明珠重新回到中国的掌上时,中国人民眼中的香港未来比过去任何时候都更加光明灿烂。
Thanks to its strategic location, international-oriented business environment and superior communication conditions, Hong Kong has become a hub of world trade and a nerve center of the Asia-Pacific region. Hong Kong has established business ties with companies in 170 countries and regions around the world, and its trade with other Asian countries and regions has grown significantly. Hong Kong's container port is the busiest in the world and is undergoing further expansion. Although it is only in the past two decades that Hong Kong has emerged as a world financial center, overseas loans now account for more than half of the total loans provided by Hong Kong's banks. When this Oriental Pearl returned to China's embrace, the future of Hong Kong in the eyes of the Chinese people is brighter than ever before.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 原因状语处理:“由于” 译为 “Thanks to”,比 “because of” 更正式,契合学术文本语境;
- 长句拆分:将中文长句拆分为四个英文短句,用 “and”“although” 连接,逻辑更清晰,符合英文表达习惯;
- 被动语态转换:“还在进一步扩建” 译为 “is undergoing further expansion”,使用被动语态体现港口建设的客观性,符合英文技术类文本表达规范。
- 词汇精准与文化适配
- 核心术语翻译:“战略位置” 译为 “strategic location”,“商业氛围” 译为 “business environment”,“神经中枢” 译为 “nerve center”,“集装箱港口” 译为 “container port”,均符合国际通用表达;
- 文化专有名词翻译:“东方明珠” 译为 “Oriental Pearl”(固定译法),“重新回到中国的掌上” 译为 “returned to China's embrace”,用 “embrace” 体现 “接纳与珍视” 的情感,比直译 “palm” 更自然;
- 语义强化:“大幅度增长” 译为 “grown significantly”,“一半以上” 译为 “more than half”,精准传递数量语义。
- 学术规范与语境适配
- 数字表达:“170 个国家和地区” 译为 “170 countries and regions”,符合英文数字表达习惯;
- 时间表达:“最近二十年” 译为 “in the past two decades”,“比过去任何时候都” 译为 “brighter than ever before”,简洁且符合学术文本的时间表述规范;
- 语体保持:全文采用正式学术英语,避免口语化词汇,契合香港经济、贸易主题的严肃性。
- 积累高频固定短语(如 paid off、made a difference),重点记忆其 “语义场景 + 搭配对象”,避免孤立记忆;
- 结合真题语境区分近义词组的语义差异(如 paid off 侧重 “回报”,made a difference 侧重 “影响”);
- 针对经济、文化类主题词汇进行专项积累,适配西南财经大学考博英语的主题倾向。
- 细节题采用 “关键词定位法”,精准捕捉原文核心观点,区分 “核心原因” 与 “次要原因”;
- 推理题基于原文隐含逻辑(如国际合作中的利益冲突),避免过度延伸;
- 关注经济、环境、社会类文章的常见逻辑链(如 “现象 - 原因 - 影响 - 解决方案”),提升解题效率。
- 经济、文化类文本翻译需积累专业术语(如 container port、strategic location),确保术语规范;
- 汉译英时拆分长句,合理使用被动语态与连接词;英译汉时转换被动语态,补充隐含逻辑,使表达自然;
- 文化专有名词翻译需采用固定译法(如 Oriental Pearl),兼顾语义准确性与文化传递。
- 严格遵循给定主题句,每个段落围绕主题句展开,确保不偏离主旨;
- 选用具体例子(如旅游类写作中的故宫案例)增强说服力,避免空泛论述;
- 结尾段兼顾 “让步 + 升华”,体现客观思辨与学术视野。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法,考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力,助力顺利上岸西南财经大学博士研究生。