- The EU is taking steps to ______ its loans to financing the basic education of Northwest China's rural areas.
[A] orient [B] tailor [C] adapt [D] magnify
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“tailor” 意为 “调整、定制以适应特定需求”，侧重 “根据具体目标精准适配”，句意为 “欧盟正采取措施调整贷款，以资助中国西北地区的基础教育”，完美契合 “贷款用途针对特定领域（基础教育）进行优化调整” 的逻辑。
- 干扰项排除
- A “orient” 意为 “使朝向、确定方向”，侧重 “方向指引”，而非 “针对需求调整内容”，语义偏差；
- C “adapt” 意为 “适应、改编”，多指 “自身适应外部环境” 或 “对原有事物进行改动以适应新场景”，不强调 “为特定目标精准定制”；
- D “magnify” 意为 “放大、夸大”，与 “贷款资助基础教育” 的语义完全矛盾。
- 学术扩展：“tailor” 是考博英语高频学术词汇，常用于 “政策、资金、方案等针对特定对象进行精准调整” 的语境，如 “tailor policies to local needs（根据地方需求调整政策）”，需重点记忆其 “精准适配” 的核心语义。
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $70 a barrel, up from less than $50 in January. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1970s shocks, when prices quadrupled in 1973 and almost doubled again in 1979-1980. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
- The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______
[A] global inflation. [B] reduction in supply. [C] fast growth in economy. [D] Iraq suspension of exports.
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出油价上涨的核心脉络：首先 “OPEC 同意削减供应（supply-cuts）” 导致油价从 1 月的不足 50 美元飙升至近 70 美元，随后 “Iraq 暂停石油出口” 进一步助推油价上涨。可见 “供应减少” 是油价上涨的根本主因，选项 B 涵盖了 “OPEC 削减供应” 这一核心事件，是最全面的答案。
- 干扰项排除
- A “全球通货膨胀” 是前两次油价暴涨的结果，而非本次油价上涨的原因，因果倒置；
- C “经济快速增长” 是短期内可能进一步推高油价的辅助因素，并非 “最新上涨” 的主因；
- D “Iraq 暂停出口” 是油价进一步上涨的 “额外推力”，而非初始上涨的核心原因，属于次要因素。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “原因类” 题目需区分 “主因” 与 “次因”，本题中 “供应减少” 是贯穿油价上涨的核心逻辑，“伊拉克暂停出口”“经济增长” 均为叠加因素，需精准把握原文的因果递进关系。
If all minds were alike, one we of reasoning and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be more asinine than the brutes; but, as there is a diversity of minds, it is likely that what seems obvious to one may seem absurd to another. Reasoning never would convince any one, except to the one who first stated it, if all were of the same opinion. It would make some difference whether the opinion were wise or foolish; but the peculiar advantage of the individual is shown posterity as well as the present age, whether it be right or wrong. The opinion of those who hold the minority opinion in a state is of great importance for reaching the truth in long run; the strong impression of truth produced by its collision with error.
倘若所有人的思维都如出一辙，只有一种推理方式，且无人持有异议，那么人类将会比禽兽还要愚蠢；然而，正因为思维存在多样性，对一个人而言显而易见的事，对另一个人来说可能显得荒谬绝伦。倘若所有人都秉持相同的观点，那么推理除了能说服提出者本人外，再也无法让其他人信服 —— 无论这一观点是明智还是愚蠢，结果都是如此。但无论是在当下还是后世，个人的独特价值都会得以彰显，无论其观点正确与否。一个国家中少数派的意见，对于长远追求真理至关重要；真理与谬误的碰撞，方能催生对真理的深刻认知。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 拆分英文长句：将 “If all minds were alike... mankind would be more asinine than the brutes” 译为两个短句，用 “倘若…… 那么……” 明确条件逻辑，符合中文表达习惯；
- 语义补充：“it is likely that what seems obvious to one may seem absurd to another” 译为 “对一个人而言显而易见的事，对另一个人来说可能显得荒谬绝伦”，补充 “而言”“来说” 使语义更流畅；
- 让步逻辑处理：“whether it be right or wrong” 译为 “无论其观点正确与否”，补充 “观点” 明确指代对象，避免语义模糊。
- 词汇精准与情感传递
- 核心术语翻译：“diversity of minds” 译为 “思维多样性”，“minority opinion” 译为 “少数派的意见”，“collision with error” 译为 “与谬误的碰撞”，精准传递原文语义；
- 情感色彩匹配：“asinine” 译为 “愚蠢”，既符合原文贬义，又避免过于粗俗；“strong impression of truth” 译为 “对真理的深刻认知”，升华 “印象” 的语义，体现学术文本的深度。
- 学术规范与语境适配
- 虚拟语气转换：“If all minds were alike... would be” 译为 “倘若…… 那么将会……”，准确传递虚拟语气的假设含义；
- 语体保持：全文采用正式学术汉语，避免口语化词汇，契合 “思维多样性与真理追求” 的哲学主题，体现专业性。
Directions: You are required to write an essay about 250-300 words on the following topic.
Topic: Do Married Couples Have a Better Life without Children?
Do Married Couples Have a Better Life without Children?
The question of whether married couples have a better life without children has sparked widespread debate in modern society. While some argue that childfree marriages offer more freedom and quality time for partners, others believe that children are an indispensable part of a fulfilling marital life. From my perspective, there is no absolute answer, but married couples can have a better life without children if they prioritize mutual growth, shared goals, and emotional intimacy.
Firstly, childfree couples enjoy greater freedom to pursue personal and shared dreams. Without the responsibilities of raising children, they can allocate more time and resources to career development, travel, and self-improvement. For example, many dual-career couples choose to remain childfree to focus on their professional advancement, supporting each other’s promotions and projects. They can also travel extensively, explore new hobbies, and maintain a flexible lifestyle that adapts to their changing needs. Secondly, childfree marriages often have stronger emotional bonds. With more time to communicate and interact, couples can deepen their understanding of each other, resolve conflicts more effectively, and nurture a more intimate relationship. Studies show that childfree couples report higher levels of marital satisfaction due to reduced stress from parenting responsibilities.
Admittedly, children can bring joy, meaning, and a sense of continuity to marriage. However, the key to a better life lies not in having children or not, but in whether the couple’s choices align with their values and needs. For couples who value freedom, personal growth, and emotional connection, a childfree life can be more fulfilling.
In conclusion, married couples can indeed have a better life without children by leveraging their freedom to pursue shared goals and strengthen emotional bonds. The definition of a "better life" varies from person to person, and the most important thing is for couples to make choices that suit their unique circumstances and aspirations.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明主题争议，提出核心观点 —— 无子女婚姻能否更幸福取决于夫妻对共同成长、情感亲密等的追求，避免绝对化表述；
- 主体段：从 “追求个人与共同梦想的自由”“更强的情感联结” 两个维度论证，结合 “双职工夫妻职业发展”“研究数据支持” 等例子，增强说服力；
- 让步段：承认子女能带来的价值，转而强调 “选择与价值观匹配” 的核心，体现客观思辨；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调 “幸福生活的定义因人而异”，呼应开头的辩证观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “indispensable part”“fulfilling marital life”“mutual growth”“emotional intimacy”“marital satisfaction” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly”“Admittedly/However”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “争议 - 论证 - 让步 - 总结” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“who value freedom, personal growth...”）、状语从句（“Without the responsibilities of raising children...”）、宾语从句（“Studies show that childfree couples report...”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不片面肯定或否定 “有子女”，而是聚焦 “选择与需求匹配”，体现博士研究生的辩证思维。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 280 词左右，论证兼顾实例与数据支撑，无冗余表述。
- 积累高频学术词汇（如 tailor、orient、fulfilling），重点记忆其 “语义场景 + 搭配对象”，避免孤立记忆；
- 结合真题语境区分近义词（如 tailor 侧重 “精准定制”，adapt 侧重 “适应改编”）；
- 针对社会、经济、哲学类主题词汇进行专项积累，适配西南大学考博英语的主题倾向。
- 细节题采用 “关键词定位法”，精准捕捉原文核心观点，区分 “主因” 与 “次因”；
- 推理题基于原文隐含逻辑（如 “供应减少→油价上涨” 的因果链），避免过度延伸；
- 关注议论文的常见逻辑结构（如 “争议 - 原因 - 影响 - 结论”），提升解题效率。
- 学术文本翻译需精准传递逻辑关系（如条件、让步、因果），拆分英文长句，优化中文语序；
- 词汇翻译兼顾 “字面义 + 语境义”，如 “collision with error” 译为 “与谬误的碰撞” 而非 “与错误的冲突”，体现学术深度；
- 保持语体一致性，哲学、社会类文本需采用正式学术汉语，避免口语化表达。
- 思辨类写作避免绝对化表述，采用 “无绝对答案，但某一选择在特定条件下更优” 的辩证框架；
- 每个论点搭配具体例子（如双职工夫妻案例）或数据支撑，增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，强调 “个体差异”“价值匹配” 等核心，体现学术视野与思辨深度。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸西南大学博士研究生。
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