- It is an offence to show ______ against people of different races.
[A] distinction [B] difference [C] separation [D] discrimination
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“discrimination” 意为 “歧视、偏见”，侧重 “基于种族、性别等的不公平对待”，句意为 “对不同种族的人表现出歧视是一种违法行为”，完美契合 “法律禁止种族歧视” 的语境，且 “show discrimination against” 为固定搭配。
- 干扰项排除
- A “distinction” 意为 “区别、差异”，侧重 “事物间的不同特征”，无 “不公平对待” 的含义；
- B “difference” 意为 “差异、差别”，仅指客观存在的不同，不涉及主观歧视；
- C “separation” 意为 “分离、分开”，语义与 “种族歧视” 完全无关。
- 学术扩展：“discrimination” 是考博英语高频法律、社会类词汇，常用搭配为 “discrimination against sb.（歧视某人）”，需重点记忆其 “不公平对待” 的核心语义，区分与 “difference”“distinction” 等中性词汇的差异，适配法律文本的语境要求。
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
- According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ______
[A] prolonged medical procedures.
[B] inadequate treatment of pain.
[C] systematic drug abuse.
[D] insufficient hospital care.
- 细节定位与语义验证
原文明确指出 NAS 报告认定的临终护理两大问题：“the under treatment of pain”（疼痛治疗不足）和 “the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures”（强行使用无效医疗程序），选项 B “inadequate treatment of pain” 是 “under treatment of pain” 的同义替换，精准对应报告内容。
- 干扰项排除
- A “延长的医疗程序” 是第二大问题的部分描述，并非独立问题，且未体现 “无效、强行” 的核心特征；
- C “系统性药物滥用”、D “医院护理不足” 原文未提及，无中生有。
- 学术扩展：考博英语法律 + 医疗类阅读理解需精准捕捉专业报告的核心结论，本题中 “identify...as...” 是关键信号词，明确 “问题定位”，需关注同义替换（under treatment = inadequate treatment），避免被局部细节误导。
多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助。中国的对外援助，发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作，为人类社会共同发展做出了积极贡献。
Over the years, while committing to its own development, China has always adhered to providing assistance within its capacity to other developing countries facing economic difficulties. China's foreign aid has promoted and consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with a vast number of developing countries, making positive contributions to the common development of human society.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 状语结构处理：“在致力于自身发展的同时” 译为 “while committing to its own development”，使用现在分词短语简化状语从句，符合英文表达习惯；
- 核心动词精准：“致力于” 译为 “committing to”（正式学术搭配），“坚持提供” 译为 “has always adhered to providing”，“adhere to” 体现 “坚定坚持” 的语义，契合博士英语的语体要求；
- 逻辑分层：将中文长句按 “背景→行动→影响” 分层，用逗号衔接，使译文流畅自然。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心术语翻译：“经济困难的发展中国家” 译为 “developing countries facing economic difficulties”，“力所能及的援助” 译为 “assistance within its capacity”（固定表达），“经贸合作” 译为 “economic and trade cooperation”，均符合国际通用表达；
- 语义强化：“发展巩固” 译为 “promoted and consolidated”，双重动词体现 “推动 + 巩固” 的递进关系，比单一动词更精准；“积极贡献” 译为 “positive contributions”，符合学术文本的正式表述。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 时态一致性：使用现在完成时 “has always adhered to”“has promoted” 体现 “多年来” 的持续影响；
- 语体正式性：避免口语化词汇，整体采用书面语，契合考博英语翻译的学术性要求。
Directions: Write an essay under the title My View on False Media Reports. You should write at least 120 words. Your essay should include the following points: 1. 近年来虚假新闻报道屡见不鲜；2. 出现这一现象的原因；3. 我对这一现象的看法和建议。
My View on False Media Reports
In recent years, false media reports have become increasingly prevalent, spreading misinformation on topics ranging from social events to scientific research. Such reports not only mislead the public but also undermine social trust and even trigger unnecessary panic, making it an urgent issue to address.
The emergence of false media reports is driven by multiple factors. Firstly, some media outlets prioritize traffic and profits over journalistic integrity, fabricating sensational stories to attract audiences. Secondly, the rapid development of social media has lowered the threshold for information dissemination, allowing false news to spread widely before being verified. Additionally, inadequate fact-checking mechanisms and the lack of strict supervision have further fueled this phenomenon.
From my perspective, false media reports are harmful and should be firmly curbed. To tackle this problem, joint efforts are needed. Media outlets must uphold professional ethics and strengthen fact-checking before publishing. Regulatory authorities should impose stricter penalties on those who spread false information. Meanwhile, the public should enhance their media literacy, learning to distinguish between true and false news. Only through such collective efforts can we create a clean and reliable media environment, safeguarding the public's right to know and social stability.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：点明现象 —— 虚假新闻频发及其危害，引出主题；
- 主体段：从 “媒体逐利”“社交媒体传播”“监管不足” 三个维度分析原因，逻辑清晰；
- 结尾段：提出 “媒体自律、监管强化、公众提升素养” 的三方解决方案，总结升华，呼应开头。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “prevalent”“misinformation”“undermine”“journalistic integrity”“fact-checking mechanisms”“media literacy” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Additionally”“From my perspective”“Meanwhile” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “现象 - 原因 - 解决方案” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“which spread misinformation...”）、状语从句（“before being verified”）、倒装句（“Only through such collective efforts can we...”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：结合媒体、监管、公众三方视角提出解决方案，体现博士研究生的系统性思维与社会责任感。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 180 词左右，严格遵循 “三点式” 结构，论证兼顾现象、原因与解决方案，无冗余表述。
- 积累法律、社会类高频词汇（如 discrimination、integrity、penalties），重点记忆其搭配与语境用法；
- 强化固定短语（如 adhere to、within one's capacity、fact-checking mechanisms）的记忆，结合真题语境应用；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破近义词辨析与法律术语精准性。
- 细节题采用 “关键词定位法”，精准捕捉专业报告、法律文本的核心结论；
- 推理题基于原文隐含逻辑（如 “现象 - 原因 - 影响”），避免过度延伸，重点关注信号词（如 identify、fuel、undermine）；
- 针对法律、医疗、经济类文章进行专项训练，熟悉专业文本的表达逻辑。
- 政治、法律类文本翻译需确保术语规范（如 foreign aid、economic and trade cooperation），避免直译偏差；
- 处理中文长句时，合理拆分句式，使用分词短语、从句等优化英文表达；
- 积累正式学术搭配（如 commit to、make contributions to、uphold ethics），提升译文的学术性。
- 社会热点类写作需明确立场，从多维度分析原因（如媒体、监管、公众）；
- 解决方案部分兼顾可行性与系统性，避免空泛论述；
- 结尾段升华主题，结合社会价值或公共利益，体现学术视野与社会责任感。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸西南政法大学博士研究生。
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