汉译英（30 分）：改革开放，走进新时代､尊老爱幼､遵纪守法､夫妻和睦､和谐家庭､家和万事兴､国家强大
Reform and Opening-up has led us into a new era. We should respect the elderly and care for the young, abide by laws and disciplines, maintain harmony between husband and wife, build harmonious families—for "when a family lives in harmony, all affairs will thrive"—and strive for national strength.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 核心短语整合：将多个并列短语按 “时代背景→个人准则→家庭目标→国家愿景” 的逻辑分层，用逗号和破折号衔接，避免直译的生硬堆砌；
- 文化谚语处理：“家和万事兴” 译为 “when a family lives in harmony, all affairs will thrive”，既保留字面语义，又符合英文谚语表达习惯，补充破折号强化其与 “和谐家庭” 的逻辑关联；
- 动词精准匹配：“走进新时代” 译为 “has led us into a new era”，用现在完成时体现 “改革开放” 的持续影响；“遵纪守法” 译为 “abide by laws and disciplines”，“abide by” 为正式学术搭配，契合博士英语的语体要求。
- 词汇精准与文化适配
- 核心术语翻译：“改革开放” 译为 “Reform and Opening-up”（固定政治术语译法），“新时代” 译为 “a new era”（官方标准译法），“和谐家庭” 译为 “harmonious families”，“国家强大” 译为 “national strength”，均符合中英文表达规范；
- 伦理概念传递：“尊老爱幼” 译为 “respect the elderly and care for the young”，精准对应中文伦理内涵，避免语义偏差；“夫妻和睦” 译为 “maintain harmony between husband and wife”，“maintain” 体现主动维护的动作，更贴合 “家庭建设” 的语境。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：全文采用正式书面语，避免口语化词汇，符合考博英语翻译的学术性要求；
- 语义完整性：无遗漏核心短语，同时通过逻辑连接词使译文流畅自然，既保留中文的并列韵味，又符合英文的表达逻辑。
Directions: William Shakespeare said, “Be not afraid of greatness, some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them.” Combine this view, write an essay of no less than 200 words.
Greatness: A Tapestry Woven by Birth, Effort and Opportunity
William Shakespeare’s profound remark on greatness reveals three paths to extraordinary achievement: being born great, achieving greatness through endeavor, and having greatness bestowed by circumstances. This insight resonates deeply with human experiences, as greatness, far from being a single-dimensional concept, is a tapestry woven by inherent endowment, unremitting effort, and unexpected opportunity—each path valuable in its own right.
Firstly, "being born great" refers to inherent talents or privileged backgrounds that lay a solid foundation for extraordinary lives. Historical figures like Mozart, who displayed unparalleled musical genius in childhood, or leaders born into families with a legacy of public service, embody this path. Their inborn gifts or favorable environments provide unique access to resources and opportunities, enabling them to excel in their fields at an early age. However, born greatness alone is not sufficient; without refinement through effort, even the most exceptional talents may fade into obscurity.
Secondly, "achieving greatness" through self-struggle is the most accessible and admirable path for most people. Countless examples illustrate that greatness can be forged through perseverance. For instance, Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in prison fighting for racial equality, his unwavering commitment ultimately leading to the liberation of South Africa. Similarly, Marie Curie overcame gender barriers and harsh experimental conditions to make groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity, earning two Nobel Prizes. Their stories prove that greatness is not exclusive to the privileged but can be attained through unyielding effort and a steadfast pursuit of noble goals.
Finally, "having greatness thrust upon them" highlights the role of unexpected circumstances in elevating individuals to extraordinary heights. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many ordinary medical workers were suddenly tasked with saving lives on the frontlines. Their sense of responsibility and courage in the face of danger transformed them into national heroes, embodying greatness through circumstances beyond their control. Such cases show that greatness can emerge when individuals rise to the challenges imposed by fate or society.
In conclusion, Shakespeare’s three paths to greatness are interconnected and complementary. Born greatness provides potential, effort realizes it, and opportunity may catalyze it. For doctoral candidates and future professionals, understanding this multidimensional nature of greatness encourages us to embrace our inherent strengths, persist in self-improvement, and remain open to unexpected challenges. Ultimately, greatness is not a destination reserved for a select few, but a journey shaped by how we nurture our talents, strive for our goals, and respond to the world around us.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：解读莎士比亚名言，提出核心论点 —— 伟大是天赋、努力与机遇共同作用的结果，奠定全文思辨基调；
- 主体段：分三个维度逐一解析名言中的三条 “伟大之路”，每条路径结合具体案例（莫扎特、曼德拉、抗疫医护人员），增强论证说服力；
- 结尾段：总结三条路径的互补关系，结合博士研究生的身份，升华主题 —— 伟大是可追求的旅程，鼓励读者兼顾天赋、努力与机遇。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “profound remark”“extraordinary achievement”“inherent endowment”“unyielding effort”“groundbreaking discoveries” 等学术表达，提升文本专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Finally”“However/Similarly/In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“who displayed unparalleled musical genius”）、状语从句（“without refinement through effort”）、被动语态（“greatness can be forged through perseverance”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 思想深度：不片面强调某一条路径，而是分析三者的内在关联，结合历史名人与现实案例，体现博士研究生的思辨能力与视野广度。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 380 词左右，既全面解读名言内涵，又结合个人与社会层面展开论述，兼具思想性与感染力。
- 积累中国特色词汇（如 “改革开放”“和谐家庭”）的固定译法，重点关注政治、伦理类术语的准确性；
- 处理多并列短语时，按逻辑分层整合，使用连接词或标点优化句式，避免直译导致的语义零散；
- 文化谚语翻译需兼顾 “字面义 + 深层内涵”，可参考英文谚语的表达结构，增强译文的地道性。
- 名言类写作先精准解读内涵，提炼核心论点，避免偏离主题；
- 分论点论证时结合 “历史案例 + 现实案例”，覆盖不同领域（文化、政治、科技、社会），提升论证的全面性；
- 结尾段升华主题时，结合博士研究生的学术追求或社会责任感，体现个人思考与时代关联，增强文章深度。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸西南民族大学博士研究生。
您现在的位置： 