But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."
- According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can ______
[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
[B] interact with human beings verbally
[C] have a little common sense
[D] respond independently to a changing world
- 细节定位与逻辑推导
原文明确指出机器人发展的核心挑战：“operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves”（减少人类监督并自主做决策），且引用 NASA 专家观点强调 “无法赋予机器人足够常识以可靠应对动态世界”。选项 D “独立应对变化的世界” 精准概括了这一当前难以实现的目标，涵盖 “自主决策”“应对动态环境” 的核心语义。
- 干扰项排除
- A “完成脑部手术等精细任务” 与原文 “already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery” 矛盾，说明该能力已实现；
- B “与人类进行语言互动” 原文未提及，无中生有；
- C “拥有一点常识” 表述片面，原文强调的是 “足够常识以应对动态世界”，而非单纯 “拥有常识”，选项未体现 “应对变化” 的核心要求。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “细节推断题” 需把握 “专家观点 + 核心目标” 的逻辑，本题中 “dynamic world” 与选项 “changing world” 同义替换，“reliably interact” 对应 “respond independently”，需关注语义的精准匹配。
- ______ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.
[A] Although [B] Whatever [C] As [D] However
- 语法结构与语义适配
“However + 形容词 / 副词” 引导让步状语从句，意为 “无论多么……”，句意为 “无论他可能多么沉闷，他无疑是一位非常成功的高管”，符合 “表语形容词 + dull 前置” 的让步句式结构。
- 干扰项排除
- A “Although” 引导让步状语从句时，需接完整句子（如 Although he may be dull），不可直接接形容词；
- B “Whatever” 后接名词（如 Whatever difficulties），不可修饰形容词 dull；
- C “As” 引导让步状语从句时需倒装（如 Dull as he may be），题干未倒装，语法不符。
- 学术扩展：考博英语高频考查 “让步状语从句引导词” 辨析，需重点记忆 “However+adj./adv.”“Although + 完整句”“As + 倒装结构” 的用法差异，尤其注意倒装句式的特殊要求。
互联网是 20 世纪最重大的科技发明之一，将深刻地影响人类社会文明进程。目前，全世界网民数量达到 30 亿，普及率达到 40%, 全球范围内实现了网络互联、信息万通，世界真正变成了地球村。本次大会回应了国际社会的关切，对于推动全球互联网均衡、安全、可持续发展，更好发挥互联网在世界经济社会发展中的重要作用，促进各国人民共享互联网发展成果，增进人类福祉，具有十分重要的意义。
The Internet is one of the most significant scientific and technological inventions of the 20th century, which will profoundly influence the process of human social civilization. Currently, the number of Internet users worldwide has reached 3 billion, with a penetration rate of 40%. Global network interconnection and seamless information flow have been realized, turning the world into a true global village. This conference responds to the concerns of the international community and is of great significance for promoting the balanced, safe and sustainable development of the global Internet, giving better play to the important role of the Internet in the world's economic and social development, enabling people of all countries to share the achievements of Internet development, and enhancing human well-being.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 长句拆分：将中文长句拆分为三个英文短句，用 “which” 引导非限定性定语从句衔接 “科技发明” 与 “影响文明进程”，逻辑更清晰；
- 数据表达：“网民数量达到 30 亿” 译为 “the number of Internet users has reached 3 billion”，“普及率达到 40%” 译为 “with a penetration rate of 40%”，符合英文数据表述习惯；
- 语义浓缩：“网络互联、信息万通” 译为 “global network interconnection and seamless information flow”，“无缝信息流动” 精准传递 “信息畅通” 的语义。
- 词汇精准与学术规范
- 核心术语翻译：“科技发明” 译为 “scientific and technological inventions”，“社会文明进程” 译为 “the process of human social civilization”，“均衡、安全、可持续发展” 译为 “balanced, safe and sustainable development”，均符合国际通用表达；
- 固定搭配：“回应关切” 译为 “respond to the concerns”，“发挥作用” 译为 “give play to the role”，“共享成果” 译为 “share the achievements”，“增进福祉” 译为 “enhance human well-being”，均为学术写作高频搭配。
- 语境适配与表达自然
- 被动语态转换：“全球范围内实现了” 译为 “have been realized”，使用被动语态体现客观事实；
- 语体保持：全文采用正式学术英语，避免口语化词汇，契合 “国际会议” 的语境严肃性。
Directions: Write a composition of about 250 words based on the topic "Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?". You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your experience to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?
In recent years, tourism has boomed globally, but its impact on the environment has sparked widespread debate. In my opinion, unregulated tourism does bring significant harm to the environment, though proper management can mitigate such negative effects.
Firstly, mass tourism leads to environmental degradation. Tourist attractions, especially natural scenic spots, often suffer from overcrowding. For example, popular mountain resorts face excessive waste disposal problems, with tourists leaving behind plastic bottles, food wrappers, and other garbage that pollutes soil and water. Additionally, the construction of tourist facilities such as hotels and roads destroys natural habitats, disrupting the ecological balance. Secondly, tourism-related activities consume large amounts of resources. Transportation for tourists, including flights and road trips, emits massive greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. Moreover, excessive water and energy use in tourist areas strains local resources, especially in arid regions.
However, it is not inevitable that tourism harms the environment. With scientific planning and strict regulations, such as limiting the number of visitors, promoting eco-friendly transportation, and imposing waste sorting requirements, the negative impact can be minimized. Some scenic spots have successfully protected the environment while developing tourism by adopting sustainable practices.
In conclusion, tourism does pose a threat to the environment without proper management. To achieve the coexistence of tourism development and environmental protection, governments, tourism operators, and tourists must work together. Only through joint efforts can we enjoy the benefits of tourism while preserving the beauty of nature for future generations.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：明确立场 —— 无监管的旅游业会对环境造成损害，但合理管理可减轻负面影响，点明核心论点；
- 主体段：从 “环境退化”“资源消耗” 两个维度论证，结合 “山区景点垃圾污染”“交通温室气体排放” 等具体例子，增强说服力；
- 让步段：承认 “旅游业与环境保护可共存”，提出 “限制游客数量、推广环保交通” 等解决方案，体现客观思辨；
- 结尾段：总结升华，强调 “政府、经营者、游客三方联动” 的重要性，呼应开头的辩证观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “environmental degradation”“ecological balance”“greenhouse gases”“sustainable practices” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly”“Additionally/Moreover”“However/In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “立场 - 论证 - 让步 - 总结” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“which pollutes soil and water”）、状语从句（“though proper management can mitigate...”）、被动语态（“have been successfully protected”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不片面否定旅游业，而是强调 “管理” 的核心作用，体现博士研究生的辩证思维与解决方案意识。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 240 词左右，严格遵循 “三段式” 结构，论证兼顾实例与解决方案，无冗余表述。
- 细节题采用 “关键词定位法”，精准捕捉原文的专家观点、核心目标等关键信息；
- 推理题基于原文隐含逻辑（如 “技术挑战→未实现的能力”），避免过度延伸，重点关注转折词后的语义；
- 针对科技、社会类文章的常见逻辑结构（如 “现象 - 挑战 - 前景”）进行专项训练，提升解题效率。
- 强化让步状语从句、倒装句等核心语法考点，重点记忆引导词的用法差异；
- 积累学术类固定搭配（如 give play to、respond to、enhance well-being），结合真题语境强化应用；
- 建立错题本，重点突破高频易错语法点和近义词辨析。
- 学术文本翻译需确保术语规范（如 “可持续发展” 译为 “sustainable development”），避免直译导致的语义偏差；
- 处理中文长句时，合理拆分句式，使用定语从句、状语从句等优化英文表达；
- 积累政治、科技类文本的翻译技巧，提升不同语境下的语言转换能力。
- 思辨类写作采用 “立场 - 论证 - 让步 - 解决方案” 的框架，避免绝对化表述；
- 每个论点搭配具体实例（如环境类写作中的景点污染案例），增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，强调 “多方联动” 等系统性解决方案，体现学术视野与社会责任感。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸西南科技大学博士研究生。
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