2017 年 1 月 18 日国家主席习近平在联合国日内瓦总部发表了题为《共同构建人类命运共同体》的主旨演讲。新冠肺炎疫情将世界各国人民生命安全和身体健康密切地联系在一起，携手抗击疫情使人类命运共同体理念更加深入人心。国际社会充分认识到，只有团结合作才是战胜疫情的最有力武器。同样，面对日益加剧的全球发展问题，只有在人类命运共同体理念指引下才能正确把握全球发展方向。疫情发生以来，中国积极履行国际义务，密切同世界卫生组织和相关国家的友好合作，主动同国际社会分享疫情和病毒信息、抗疫经验做法。疫情爆发以后，中国积极研发疫苗，努力促进发展中的经济。
On January 18, 2017, President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech entitled "Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind" at the United Nations Office at Geneva. The COVID-19 pandemic has closely linked the life safety and physical health of people around the world, and joint efforts to combat the pandemic have made the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind more deeply rooted in people's hearts. The international community has fully realized that only solidarity and cooperation are the most powerful weapon to defeat the pandemic. Similarly, in the face of increasingly acute global development issues, the correct direction of global development can only be grasped under the guidance of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, China has actively fulfilled its international obligations, maintained close friendly cooperation with the World Health Organization and relevant countries, and taken the initiative to share pandemic and virus information as well as anti-pandemic experiences and practices with the international community. After the pandemic broke out, China has actively researched and developed vaccines and strived to promote the economies of developing countries.
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 专有名词精准：“联合国日内瓦总部” 译为 “the United Nations Office at Geneva”（官方标准译法），“人类命运共同体” 译为 “a community with a shared future for mankind”（固定政治术语译法），“世界卫生组织” 译为 “the World Health Organization”（缩写 WHO，首次出现需写全称）；
- 逻辑分层：将中文长句按 “事件 - 影响 - 共识 - 中国行动” 分层，用 “and”“since”“after” 等连接词衔接，使译文逻辑清晰；
- 被动语态转换：“理念更加深入人心” 译为 “more deeply rooted in people's hearts”，用主动语态体现 “理念被接受” 的语义，比直译 “is deeply embraced” 更自然。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心短语翻译：“发表主旨演讲” 译为 “delivered a keynote speech”（学术 / 政治类文本高频搭配），“履行国际义务” 译为 “fulfilled its international obligations”，“团结合作” 译为 “solidarity and cooperation”，“研发疫苗” 译为 “researched and developed vaccines”，均符合国际通用表达；
- 语义完整：补充 “the economies of developing countries” 中 “countries”，使 “发展中的经济” 语义完整，避免歧义；“密切地联系在一起” 译为 “closely linked”，精准传递原文语义。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 时态一致性：描述过去事件（演讲、疫情爆发）用一般过去时，描述持续行动（分享信息、研发疫苗）用现在完成时，符合语法规范；
- 语体正式性：全文采用正式学术英语，避免口语化词汇，契合政治类文本的严肃性。
Directions: Write an essay about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. Your essay should be no less than 250 words. You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, support your opinion with appropriate reasons and details. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.
The Internet: A Double-Edged Sword in Modern Society
In the digital era, the Internet has become an indispensable part of human life, profoundly transforming the way we work, study, and communicate. However, like a double-edged sword, it brings both unparalleled convenience and inevitable challenges. From my perspective, the Internet’s positive impacts outweigh its drawbacks, but rational use and effective regulation are essential to maximize its value.
The advantages of the Internet are manifold and far-reaching. Firstly, it breaks down geographical barriers and promotes global information sharing. With just a few clicks, people can access a wealth of knowledge from academic databases, online courses, and digital libraries, facilitating lifelong learning and academic research. For example, doctoral students can collaborate with international scholars through video conferences, and researchers can retrieve the latest studies worldwide without leaving their offices. Secondly, the Internet boosts work efficiency and economic development. E-commerce platforms enable businesses to reach global markets, while remote work tools allow employees to complete tasks flexibly, reducing time and cost. Additionally, social media platforms strengthen interpersonal connections, enabling people to stay in touch with friends and family across distances.
Nevertheless, the Internet also poses notable risks. Cybercrime, such as hacking and online fraud, threatens personal privacy and property security. Misinformation and fake news spread rapidly online, misleading the public and triggering social unrest. Moreover, excessive Internet use may lead to addiction, especially among young people, harming physical and mental health. For instance, prolonged screen time can cause eye strain and sleep disorders, while online addiction may isolate individuals from real-life interactions.
In conclusion, the Internet’s benefits in information sharing, work efficiency, and communication are undeniable, but its drawbacks cannot be ignored. To harness its potential, individuals should enhance their digital literacy and use the Internet responsibly. Governments and relevant authorities should strengthen cyber security regulations to combat crimes and misinformation. By balancing the advantages and addressing the challenges, the Internet can truly become a powerful tool for human progress and social development.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：明确立场 —— 互联网是双刃剑，利大于弊，但需合理使用与监管，点明核心观点；
- 主体段：先阐述互联网的核心优势（信息共享、提升效率、促进沟通），结合 “学术合作”“电子商务” 等具体例子；再转折分析弊端（网络犯罪、虚假信息、成瘾问题），用 “黑客攻击”“屏幕依赖” 等实例支撑，体现辩证思维；
- 结尾段：总结升华，提出 “个人提升素养 + 政府加强监管” 的解决方案，呼应开头的 “合理利用” 观点。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “indispensable”“profoundly transforming”“manifold and far-reaching”“geographical barriers”“digital literacy” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Additionally”“Nevertheless”“For instance”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “观点 - 优势 - 弊端 - 解决方案” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“which enables businesses to...”）、状语从句（“while remote work tools allow...”）、被动语态（“personal privacy and property security are threatened”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不片面肯定或否定互联网，而是强调 “平衡优势与挑战”，体现博士研究生的辩证思维与系统思维。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 280 词左右，严格遵循 “三段式” 结构，论证兼顾实例与逻辑，无冗余表述。
- 积累政治类高频术语（如 “人类命运共同体”“国际义务”“团结合作”）的固定译法，确保术语精准统一；
- 处理中文长句时，合理拆分句式，使用连接词优化英文表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 关注时政热点，熟悉 “疫情防控”“全球发展” 等主题的常用表达，提升译文的语境适配性。
- 思辨类写作采用 “现象 - 优势 - 弊端 - 解决方案” 的框架，避免绝对化表述；
- 论据需具体可感，结合学术、经济、社会等多领域实例（如互联网对学术研究、电子商务的影响），增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，结合 “个人责任 + 政府监管” 等多元视角，体现学术视野与社会责任感。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸新疆师范大学博士研究生。
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