- Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.
[A] mingled [B] concentrated [C] assembled [D] permeated
- 词汇辨析与语境适配
“mingle” 意为 “混合、交织”，侧重不同声音、事物等融合为一个整体，句意为 “此刻欢呼声与掌声交织在一起，形成持续不断的轰鸣”，完美契合 “多种声音融合” 的语境，语义精准且画面感强。
- 干扰项排除
- B “concentrated”（集中）侧重 “聚焦于一点”，如集中注意力，无法描述声音的融合；
- C “assembled”（聚集）指人或物体的集合，不用于声音搭配；
- D “permeated”（渗透）侧重 “穿透、弥漫”，如气味渗透，与 “欢呼声和掌声” 搭配语义不通。
- 学术扩展：“mingle” 是考博英语高频学术与日常场景通用词汇，常用于描述声音、人群、文化等的融合，类似高频搭配还包括 “mingle with”（与…… 混合），适配学术写作中 “多元文化融合”“多因素交织” 的论证场景。
Did you know that all human beings have a "comfort zone" regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures... This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together... Although North Americans have a relatively wide "comfort zone" for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands ---not only with gesture but also with touch... To many people-especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries ---such bodily contact is unwelcome...
- The passage mainly concerns
[A] distance and bodily contact [B] body language [C] East and West cultural differences [D] hand signals
- 主旨定位与逻辑推导
原文核心围绕两大核心内容展开：一是不同文化人群交流时的 “舒适距离”（distance）差异，二是不同文化对 “身体接触”（bodily contact）的接受度不同，选项 A 精准概括全文核心议题，无遗漏关键信息。
- 干扰项排除
- B“body language（肢体语言）” 范围过广，原文仅聚焦 “距离” 和 “身体接触”，未涵盖手势、表情等其他肢体语言；
- C “东西方文化差异” 是原文的背景，而非核心论述对象，原文重点是 “文化差异下的交流距离与身体接触”，而非文化差异本身；
- D“hand signals（手势信号）” 仅在原文末尾提及，属于局部细节，非主旨。
- 学术扩展：考博英语阅读理解 “主旨类” 题目需避免 “以偏概全” 和 “范围扩大”，本题中需区分 “核心论述对象” 与 “背景信息”，重点关注原文反复出现的关键词（distance、bodily contact、closeness、touch），精准锁定主旨。
A. Singaporeans have accepted the government's language policy and its bilingual education policy, because they are seeing the benefits of speaking an international language. What is good for the individual is also proving to be very profitable for the country. This very small country has a strong position within the world's global market and it was through the use of English that Singapore achieved its economic success. In order to continue experiencing economic growth and success into the twenty-first century, the English language will need to remain prominent within the Singaporean society.
新加坡人已接受政府的语言政策及其双语教育政策，因为他们正见证使用一门国际语言所带来的益处。对个人有利的事，事实证明对国家也极为有益。这个面积狭小的国家在全球市场中占据着重要地位，而新加坡正是通过使用英语才取得了经济上的成功。为了在 21 世纪持续实现经济增长与发展，英语在新加坡社会中仍需保持重要地位。
- 句式优化与逻辑衔接
- 定语处理：“its bilingual education policy” 译为 “其双语教育政策”，避免重复 “政府的”，语言简洁；
- 强调句转换：“it was through the use of English that...” 译为 “而新加坡正是通过使用英语才……”，保留强调语气，符合中文表达习惯；
- 逻辑衔接：“because” 译为 “因为”，“What is good for the individual” 译为 “对个人有利的事”，明确因果与指代关系，使译文逻辑连贯。
- 词汇精准与语境适配
- 核心短语翻译：“seeing the benefits of” 译为 “见证…… 所带来的益处”，“strong position” 译为 “重要地位”，“prominent” 译为 “重要的”，均符合政策类文本的正式表达；
- 语义完整：无遗漏 “bilingual education policy（双语教育政策）”“global market（全球市场）”“economic success（经济成功）” 等核心信息，语义传递全面无偏差。
- 学术规范与表达自然
- 语体一致性：采用正式书面语，契合 “国家政策与经济发展” 的文本调性；
- 时态统一：描述客观事实用一般现在时，回顾过去用一般过去时，语法严谨。
Directions: Write a short essay about 150 words to discuss both "the advantages and disadvantages of having a private car".
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Having a Private Car
In modern society, private cars have become an indispensable part of people's life, bringing both conveniences and challenges. It is necessary to objectively analyze their advantages and disadvantages to make rational choices.
Private cars offer significant convenience to individuals and families. They enable people to travel flexibly, saving time spent on waiting for public transport. For example, families can easily go on trips on weekends, and commuters can avoid the hassle of crowded buses or subways. Additionally, private cars provide a sense of comfort and privacy, especially in bad weather. For regions with underdeveloped public transport, private cars are even a necessity for daily travel.
However, private cars also bring obvious drawbacks. Firstly, the increasing number of cars leads to traffic congestion and air pollution, which harms the environment and public health. Secondly, the costs of purchasing, maintaining, and fueling a car are considerable, imposing a financial burden on some families. Moreover, car accidents are a potential risk to personal safety.
In conclusion, private cars have both merits and demerits. We should make full use of their advantages while minimizing their negative impacts. For individuals, choosing public transport when possible is advisable; for the government, strengthening traffic management and promoting new energy vehicles can help address the related problems.
- 结构框架
- 开头段：明确立场 —— 私家车是现代生活不可或缺的一部分，需客观分析其利弊；
- 主体段：先阐述私家车的优势（出行灵活、舒适私密、适配公共交通薄弱地区），结合家庭出行、通勤等实例；再分析劣势（交通拥堵、环境污染、经济负担、安全风险），逻辑清晰；
- 结尾段：总结升华，提出 “个人合理选择 + 政府政策引导” 的解决方案，呼应开头。
- 高分亮点
- 学术词汇：使用 “indispensable”“flexibly”“commuters”“financial burden”“promoting” 等学术表达，提升专业性；
- 逻辑衔接：通过 “Additionally”“However”“Firstly/Secondly/Moreover”“In conclusion” 等连接词，构建清晰的 “总 - 分 - 总” 逻辑链；
- 句式多样：融合定语从句（“which harms the environment”）、状语从句（“when possible”）、动名词短语（“purchasing, maintaining, and fueling”），避免简单句堆砌；
- 观点深刻：不片面肯定或否定，既承认私家车的必要性，又关注环境、安全等社会问题，体现博士研究生的辩证思维与社会责任感。
- 学术规范
符合考博英语写作 “观点明确、论证充分、语言正式” 的要求，字数控制在 150 词左右，论证兼顾个人与社会视角，无冗余表述。
- 积累文化、政策、日常场景高频词汇（如 mingle、prominent、bilingual），重点记忆其语义与搭配；
- 强化 “近义词辨析”，结合真题语境区分 “混合、集中、聚集” 等语义差异，避免用词偏差；
- 建立词汇错题本，重点突破 “动词 + 名词”“形容词 + 名词” 的固定搭配考点。
- 文化类文章需关注 “核心议题 + 举例支撑” 的结构，避免被文化差异的表象误导，聚焦文章实质论述对象；
- 主旨题采用 “关键词频率法”，锁定原文反复出现的核心词（如 distance、bodily contact），排除范围扩大或缩小的干扰项；
- 针对文化交流、社会现象类主题文章进行专项训练，熟悉相关学术术语与表达逻辑。
- 政策类文本翻译需确保 “双语教育政策”“国际语言” 等术语精准，符合中文政策表述习惯；
- 处理英文长句时，合理拆分定语从句、强调句，使用中文短句优化表达，保持逻辑连贯；
- 积累 “国家发展、语言政策” 类主题词汇，提升不同语境下的语言转换能力。
- 利弊类写作需均衡阐述优势与劣势，避免片面表述；
- 论据需结合个人生活、社会现象等实例，增强说服力；
- 结尾段升华主题，关联 “个人选择 + 社会治理”，体现学术视野与格局。
通过系统利用真题资料和科学的备考方法，考生可高效提升考博英语综合能力，助力顺利上岸中国海洋大学博士研究生。
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