- Let's give a big ___ to tonight's prize-winner.
A. respect
B. shout
C. praise
D. hand
- 本题考查名词固定搭配及语境适配。题干意为 “让我们向今晚的获奖者热烈___”，需选择符合 “表达赞赏” 且能与 “give a big” 构成固定短语的词汇。
- 选项分析：
- A. respect（尊重）：为不可数名词，常用搭配为 “show respect to”，不能与 “give a big” 连用，语法结构不符。
- B. shout（呼喊）：固定搭配为 “give a shout”，侧重 “大声喊叫”，语义偏向 “呼喊动作”，而非对获奖者的正式赞赏，语境不符。
- C. praise（赞扬）：为不可数名词，常用搭配为 “offer praise to” 或 “sing sb.'s praises”，无 “give a big praise” 的用法，搭配错误。
- D. hand（手）：固定搭配 “give a big hand” 表示 “热烈鼓掌”，是英语中表达对他人认可、赞赏的标准用法，既符合语法结构，又契合 “向获奖者表达敬意” 的语境，为正确答案。
- 同类固定搭配积累：“give sb. a round of applause”（为某人鼓掌）、“express admiration for”（对…… 表示钦佩），均为考博英语高频表达。
- 不可数名词的使用注意：respect、praise、advice 等不可数名词，不能直接与不定冠词 “a” 连用，需借助量词（如 “a piece of advice”）或固定搭配实现语法正确。
I once married a man I thought was totally unlike my father and I imagined a whole new world of freedom (21). Five years later it was clear even to me -- floating face down in a wash of despair -- that I had simply chosen a(n) (22) of my handsome daddy-true. The updated (23)___ spoke English like an angel but underneath he was my father exactly: wonderful, but not the right man for me.
- A. emerging
B. evolving
C. fading
D. calling
- 本题考查动词现在分词作后置定语的用法，需结合上下文语义逻辑选择合适词汇。前文提到 “我嫁给了一个我认为完全不像我父亲的人”，隐含 “期待开启全新生活” 的语境，空格处需体现 “自由世界” 的状态。
- 选项分析：
- A. emerging（浮现；显现）：现在分词作后置定语，修饰 “a whole new world of freedom”，表示 “一个全新的自由世界正在显现”，契合 “结婚后期待新生活” 的积极语境，逻辑通顺。
- B. evolving（演变；进化）：侧重 “逐步发展、迭代变化”，强调过程的持续性和渐进性，而此处强调 “新状态的出现”，而非 “变化过程”，语义不符。
- C. fading（褪色；消失）：表示 “逐渐减弱或消失”，与前文 “期待全新世界” 的积极态度相悖，逻辑矛盾。
- D. calling（呼叫；召唤）：常用搭配为 “a call for freedom”，此处 “freedom calling” 语义不通，且不符合 “世界呈现某种状态” 的语法逻辑，排除。
- 现在分词作后置定语的用法：当动词与被修饰名词构成 “主动关系” 时，用现在分词修饰，如 “a developing country”（发展中国家）、“a booming industry”（蓬勃发展的行业），是考博完形填空高频语法考点。
- 上下文逻辑把握技巧：完形填空中，空格前后的语义转折（如本题后文 “five years later” 的转折）往往提示前文需选择与后文 “绝望” 形成对比的积极词汇，此类逻辑关系是解题关键。
The calm of a few months without a major attack of a computer worm or virus was rattled hard recently. So dangerous is the latest problem that the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) warned that quick action by network users was crucial to avoiding serious Internet disruption.
This time the problem is with routers, the appliances that push traffic around the Internet. Routers have been exposed as having two separate security holes that could allow easy access for hackers to do their worst. It's another reminder that security threats are not likely to go away anytime soon. It also reminds us of the fragility of a world whose technology is so intertwined that a breach in one place can be exploited to bring down thousands or millions of systems around the world.
- According to the US DHS, ___.
A. computer world had been peaceful for months
B. a network security update was urgently needed
C. there had been a false alarm to network users
D. it was hard to avoid a computer worm or virus
- 本题考查对原文具体信息的精准把握，解题关键在于定位 US DHS 的相关表述，并识别选项与原文的同义替换。
- 原文定位：第一段第二句 “So dangerous is the latest problem that the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) warned that quick action by network users was crucial to avoiding serious Internet disruption.”
- 选项分析：
- A. computer world had been peaceful for months（计算机世界已平静数月）：原文首句提到 “The calm of a few months without a major attack...”，这是客观背景描述，并非 US DHS 的警告内容，混淆了 “背景信息” 与 “DHS 观点”，排除。
- B. a network security update was urgently needed（网络安全更新迫在眉睫）：原文 “quick action by network users was crucial”（网络用户迅速采取行动至关重要），结合后文提到路由器存在 “security holes”（安全漏洞），可推断 “迅速行动” 即指 “进行网络安全更新以修补漏洞”，选项与原文构成同义替换，为正确答案。
- C. there had been a false alarm to network users（向网络用户发出了虚假警报）：原文明确提到 “the latest problem”（最新问题）具有危险性，DHS 的警告是基于实际威胁，“false alarm” 与原文语义相反，排除。
- D. it was hard to avoid a computer worm or virus（很难避免计算机蠕虫或病毒）：原文 DHS 强调 “迅速行动可避免严重网络中断”，并非 “无法避免病毒”，选项与原文警告的核心意图相悖，排除。
- 阅读理解细节题解题技巧：首先通过题干关键词（如本题 “US DHS”）定位原文对应段落，再分析选项与原文的语义一致性，注意 “同义替换”（如 “quick action”→“urgently needed”）和 “信息混淆”（如背景信息与观点信息、肯定与否定）等常见命题陷阱。
- 核心词汇积累：disruption（中断）、security holes（安全漏洞）、intertwined（相互交织的）、breach（漏洞；违规），均为考博英语科技类阅读高频词汇。
(1) I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.
我认为，对于那些拥有浓厚的非个人兴趣且参与适当活动的人来说，安享晚年最为容易。正是在这一领域，长期的经验才真正富有成效；也正是在这一领域，源于经验的智慧才能得以施展，而不会显得强加于人。
- 句式结构处理：
- 第一句为主从复合句，“that” 引导宾语从句，“who” 引导定语从句修饰 “those”。翻译时拆分长句，将 “involving appropriate activities” 译为后置定语 “且参与适当活动的”，使中文表达更流畅。
- 第二句为强调句型 “It is...that...”，强调范围状语 “in this sphere”（在这一领域）。翻译时保留强调语气，重复 “正是在这一领域” 以突出重点，符合中文表达习惯。
- 关键词汇精准翻译：
- “successful old age”：译为 “安享晚年”，而非字面意义的 “成功的晚年”，契合中文对 “晚年幸福” 的表达习惯。
- “impersonal interests”：译为 “非个人兴趣”，指不局限于自身、关注外界或公共事务的兴趣，区别于 “personal interests”（个人兴趣）。
- “fruitful”：译为 “富有成效的”，修饰 “long experience”，体现经验带来的实际价值。
- “exercised without being oppressive”：译为 “得以施展，而不会显得强加于人”，“exercised” 此处指 “运用（智慧）”，“oppressive” 译为 “强加于人的”，准确传达 “智慧的运用不令人感到压迫” 的语义。
- 逻辑连贯处理：通过 “才”“而” 等连词，衔接前后语义，使译文逻辑清晰、语气连贯。
- 考博翻译评分标准：注重 “忠实原文” 与 “中文流畅” 的平衡，需避免直译导致的生硬表达，同时确保核心语义不偏离。
- 同类表达积累：“wisdom born of experience”（源于经验的智慧）、“be exercised appropriately”（恰当运用），可用于写作或翻译中的同义替换，提升语言表达多样性。
TOPIC: What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.
Holding the Olympic Games is a milestone in China's national development, bringing profound and far-reaching gains in multiple dimensions. Beyond the grand sports event itself, China has reaped remarkable achievements in national image building, social progress, and international exchanges, laying a solid foundation for long-term development.
Firstly, the Olympic Games has effectively enhanced China's international influence and shaped a positive national image. When Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics, the world witnessed a modern, open, and inclusive China through grand opening ceremonies, efficient event organization, and warm hospitality. The Bird's Nest and Water Cube became iconic symbols of China's architectural innovation, while the orderly urban operation and friendly interactions between citizens showcased the country's social stability and cultural charm. Similarly, the 2022 Winter Olympics further demonstrated China's strength in scientific and technological innovation, with 5G communication, smart venues, and green energy applications impressing the world. These experiences have enabled more countries to understand China's development achievements and cultural connotations, breaking prejudices and enhancing mutual trust.
Secondly, the Olympic Games has promoted China's social progress and infrastructure development. To host the events, China invested heavily in building and upgrading transportation networks, sports facilities, and urban public services. For example, the construction of high-speed rail lines connecting Olympic venues in 2008 improved the national transportation system, benefiting millions of citizens after the Games. The 2022 Winter Olympics also drove the development of ice and snow sports in China, with more than 300 million people participating in winter sports, which not only improved public health but also fostered a sports-loving social atmosphere. Additionally, the emphasis on "green Olympics" promoted the popularization of environmental protection concepts, accelerating the development of renewable energy and ecological governance.
Finally, the Olympic Games has strengthened China's international exchanges and cooperation. As a global sports feast, it attracted athletes, officials, and tourists from all over the world, creating opportunities for cultural exchanges and people-to-people bonds. Chinese traditional culture, such as paper-cutting, Peking Opera, and Chinese tea, was displayed during the events, enabling international friends to experience the charm of Eastern civilization. Meanwhile, China learned advanced management experience, sports training methods, and international communication skills from other countries, promoting the globalization of its sports industry and cultural undertakings. Such exchanges have transcended national boundaries and ideological differences, laying a foundation for China's deeper integration into the international community.
In conclusion, holding the Olympic Games has brought China invaluable gains in national image, social development, and international exchanges. These achievements not only boost national confidence but also provide strong impetus for China's sustainable development. As China continues to open up to the world, the legacy of the Olympic Games will continue to contribute to the country's progress and global harmony.
- 开头段：总起全文，点明主旨 —— 奥运会为中国带来多方面深远收益，奠定全文论述基调。
- 主体段：分三个维度展开，每个维度以 “主题句 + 具体例子” 的结构论证：
- 提升国际影响力与国家形象（以 2008 夏奥、2022 冬奥为例）；
- 推动社会进步与基础设施建设（以交通、体育设施、环保为例）；
- 加强国际交流与合作（以文化交流、经验借鉴为例）。
- 结尾段：总结全文，升华主题 —— 奥运会的遗产将持续助力中国发展与全球和谐。
- 论点明确，逻辑清晰：三个分论点涵盖 “国际”“国内”“交流” 三个核心层面，层层递进，全面回应题干要求。
- 例子具体，说服力强：选取 2008 夏奥、2022 冬奥两个典型案例，结合 “鸟巢”“5G 技术”“3 亿人参与冰雪运动” 等具体数据和细节，使论证更具可信度。
- 语言表达地道：使用 “milestone”“profound and far-reaching”“iconic symbols”“lay a solid foundation” 等考博英语高频词汇和短语，句式多样（定语从句、状语从句、并列句），语法规范，符合博士研究生英语写作要求。
- 主题升华自然：结尾将奥运会的收益与中国可持续发展、全球和谐相结合，提升文章立意深度。
- 审题技巧：题干要求 “specific examples”，需避免空泛论述，结合具体事件、数据或案例展开，确保论点有支撑。
- 结构布局：采用 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构，分论点建议控制在 3-4 个，每个分论点独立成段，使用 “Firstly”“Secondly” 等逻辑连接词，使文章条理清晰。
- 语言提升：积累考博写作高频话题词汇（如 “international influence”“infrastructure development”“cultural exchanges”），适当运用复杂句式，避免简单句堆砌，提升文章学术性。
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