- "It's probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words to yourself to ___ a headache, pain or illness.
A. dismiss
B. dispose
C. dispel
D. disrupt
本题考查动词词义辨析与语境语义匹配，核心在于通过 “安慰自己‘只是压力’” 的场景，判断对 “头痛、疼痛或疾病” 的应对动作，需精准区分各选项的语义侧重与搭配对象。
- 选项 A（dismiss）：意为 “不予理会、搁置”，侧重 “主观上忽视或淡化某事物的重要性 / 影响”，常用搭配为 “dismiss a thought/concern/symptom”（忽视某个想法 / 担忧 / 症状）。代入题干，“用‘只是压力’的话来忽视头痛、疼痛或疾病”，完全契合 “自我安慰时淡化身体不适” 的场景，语义连贯且搭配合理，为正确答案。
- 选项 B（dispose）：意为 “处理、处置”，侧重 “对事物进行实际安排或清理”，常用搭配为 “dispose of sth.”（处理某物），如 “dispose of waste”（处理垃圾），与 “头痛、疾病” 等抽象身体不适搭配不当，排除。
- 选项 C（dispel）：意为 “驱散、消除”，侧重 “通过行动消除某种抽象负面事物（如恐惧、疑虑、谣言）”，常用搭配为 “dispel fear/doubt/rumors”（驱散恐惧 / 疑虑 / 谣言），其核心是 “主动消除”，而题干中 “只是压力” 是 “淡化” 而非 “消除” 身体不适，语义不符，排除。
- 选项 D（disrupt）：意为 “扰乱、打断”，侧重 “干扰正常秩序或进程”，如 “disrupt a meeting/work”（扰乱会议 / 工作），与 “头痛、疾病” 搭配无逻辑，排除。
- 高频动词搭配积累：
- dismiss：搭配抽象 “负面感受 / 症状”（dismiss a pain/symptom/concern）；
- dispel：搭配 “抽象负面情绪 / 信息”（dispel anxiety/rumors/misunderstandings）；
- dispose：需与 “of” 连用，搭配 “具体事物”（dispose of old furniture/waste）。
- 语境语义解题技巧：遇到 “自我安慰、淡化问题” 类场景，优先考虑 “dismiss（忽视）、downplay（淡化）、minimize（最小化）” 等体现 “主观弱化” 的动词，避免选择 “dispel（主动消除）” 等强调 “实际行动” 的词汇。
The women's movement can't remake consciousness, ___ the future, without ___ and shedding all the unnecessary and ugly baggage of the past. It's easy enough now to see where men have kept ___ out of clubs, baseball games, graduate schools...
- A. foresee
B. face
C. reach
D. reshape
本题考查动词词义辨析与上下文语义逻辑，核心在于通过 “女性运动无法重塑意识（remake consciousness）” 与 “摆脱过去包袱（shedding the past）” 的并列关系，判断对 “未来（the future）” 的对应动作，需确保动词与 “remake” 形成语义呼应。
- 选项 A（foresee）：意为 “预见、预知”，侧重 “对未来的预测”，如 “foresee a crisis”（预见危机），但题干中 “女性运动” 是 “主动改变” 而非 “被动预测” 未来，与 “remake consciousness（重塑意识）” 的 “主动改造” 逻辑不符，排除。
- 选项 B（face）：意为 “面对、正视”，侧重 “被动接受或应对现有事物”，如 “face difficulties”（面对困难），而 “未来” 是未发生的，且 “面对未来” 无法与 “重塑意识、摆脱过去” 形成 “主动改造” 的语义闭环，排除。
- 选项 C（reach）：意为 “到达、实现”，侧重 “抵达某个具体目标或状态”，如 “reach a goal”（实现目标），与 “未来” 搭配时需加介词 “in”（reach the future in...），语法结构不符，且 “到达未来” 无 “改造” 含义，排除。
- 选项 D（reshape）：意为 “重塑、改造”，与前文 “remake consciousness（重塑意识）” 形成完美语义呼应 ——“无法重塑意识、改造未来，就无法摆脱过去的包袱”，“remake” 与 “reshape” 均体现 “主动改变现有状态” 的核心逻辑，搭配 “the future” 语法正确且语义连贯，为正确答案。
- 完形 “语义呼应” 解题技巧：当空格前后出现并列连词（and/or）或转折连词（but/however）时，优先寻找与空格处动词语义相近或相反的 “呼应词”（如本题 “remake” 与 “reshape” 语义相近），通过 “同义呼应” 快速锁定答案。
- 高频动词语义关联：
- remake vs. reshape：前者侧重 “重新制作（抽象 / 具体事物）”，后者侧重 “重新塑造（抽象事物，如未来、观念）”，二者常搭配使用，体现 “全面改造” 的含义。
We are in danger of exhausting our own food supply. The technology that lets us produce enough food for the planet is spoiling the soil and water that it uses according to a report by researchers and the World Bank.
The study, released last week, shows that degraded soils, dried-out aquifers, polluted waters and the conversion of natural forest to agricultural land are seriously threatening world food supplies. "The agricultural community for years has been in denial that they're harming the environment," says author Stanley Wood from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Who seems to disagree with the idea that technology used in agriculture is doing harm to the environment?
A. Stanley Wood
B. The World Bank
C. The agricultural community
D. The International Food Policy Research Institute
本题考查细节理解题，核心在于精准定位 “反对‘农业技术危害环境’这一观点的主体”，需区分 “报告观点” 与 “不同主体的态度”，避免混淆信息来源。
- 原文关键信息定位：
- 第一段明确 “研究人员与世界银行的报告指出：用于生产粮食的技术正在破坏土壤和水资源”（即 “农业技术危害环境”）；
- 第二段引用 IFPRI 的 Stanley Wood 的话：“The agricultural community for years has been in denial that they're harming the environment”（农业界多年来一直否认他们在危害环境），“in denial”（否认）即 “反对该观点” 的直接体现。
- 选项拆解与排除：
- 选项 A（Stanley Wood）：他是报告观点的陈述者，引用他的话是为了指出 “农业界的否认态度”，并非他本人反对该观点，排除；
- 选项 B（The World Bank）：与研究人员共同发布报告，明确提出 “农业技术破坏土壤和水资源”，是该观点的支持者，排除；
- 选项 C（The agricultural community）：原文明确提到其 “多年来否认危害环境”，即反对 “农业技术危害环境” 的观点，为正确答案；
- 选项 D（The International Food Policy Research Institute/IFPRI）：Stanley Wood 隶属于该机构，其观点代表机构立场，即 “指出农业界的否认态度”，而非反对报告观点，排除。
- 细节题 “观点主体” 解题技巧：
① 遇到 “who disagree/agree” 类题目，优先在原文中寻找 “态度词”（如 deny, support, oppose, approve）；
② 明确 “观点持有者” 与 “观点陈述者” 的区别（如本题 Stanley Wood 是 “陈述农业界观点”，而非 “持有该观点”），避免张冠李戴。
- 学术阅读高频态度词：
- in denial：否认；
- advocate：支持、倡导；
- oppose：反对；
- question：质疑；
- endorse：认可、赞同。
(2) But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.
但如果你属于那种无法拥有非个人兴趣的人，你可能会发现，除非你将精力放在子孙身上，否则你的生活将会是空虚的。在这种情况下，你必须意识到，尽管你仍能为他们提供物质帮助 —— 比如给他们零花钱或为他们织毛衣 —— 但你不能期望他们会喜欢有你陪伴。
本题考查复合句翻译（含定语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句），核心在于处理 “多层从句嵌套” 的逻辑关系，同时需准确传递 “impersonal interests”“render material services” 等抽象表达的含义，确保中文表达流畅自然、语义完整。
-
句子结构分析：
- 主句 1：you may find that...（你可能会发现……）；
- 定语从句：who are incapable of impersonal interests（修饰 those，“无法拥有非个人兴趣的”）；
- 条件状语从句：unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren（除非你将精力放在子孙身上）；
- 主句 2：you must realize that...（你必须意识到……）；
- 让步状语从句：while you can still render them material services（尽管你仍能为他们提供物质帮助）；
- 举例插入语：such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers（比如给他们零花钱或为他们织毛衣）；
- 宾语从句：you must not expect that they will enjoy your company（你不能期望他们会喜欢有你陪伴）。
-
关键概念与句式翻译技巧：
- “impersonal interests”：译为 “非个人兴趣”，指 “不局限于自身、关注外界或公共事务的兴趣”（如 hobbies, social activities），区别于 “personal interests（个人兴趣）”，避免直译 “非个人的兴趣” 导致晦涩；
- “render material services”：译为 “提供物质帮助”，“render” 此处意为 “提供”，比 “give” 更具正式感，符合原文书面语语境；
- 让步状语从句 “while...”：译为 “尽管…… 但……”，符合中文 “先让步后转折” 的表达习惯，比 “虽然…… 但是……” 更自然；
- 举例插入语：用破折号连接，既保留原文 “补充说明” 的逻辑，又避免中文长句的臃肿。
- 复合句翻译原则：
- 定语从句：短定语前置（如 “who are incapable of impersonal interests”→“无法拥有非个人兴趣的”），长定语独立成句；
- 条件 / 让步状语从句：中文常置于主句前（如 “unless you...unless you...”→“除非你…… 否则你……”），确保逻辑清晰；
- 插入语：用破折号、逗号或 “比如 / 例如” 引导，避免打断主句语义。
- 考博翻译高频短语：
- concern oneself with：关注、致力于（如 “concern oneself with public affairs”→“关注公共事务”）；
- render services/help：提供服务 / 帮助（如 “render assistance to those in need”→“为有需要的人提供帮助”）。
TOPIC: What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.
Holding the Olympic Games is a significant milestone in China's national development, as it brings far-reaching gains in multiple dimensions—from international image shaping to industrial upgrading, and from cultural communication to public quality of life. Taking the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics as typical examples, China's gains from hosting the Games are not only tangible but also long-lasting.
Firstly, the Olympic Games has greatly enhanced China's international influence and shaped a positive national image. In 2008, the Beijing Summer Olympics amazed the world with its grand opening ceremony: the "scroll" stage showcasing Chinese history, the 2008 drummers performing rhythmic beats, and the display of traditional arts like calligraphy and martial arts. These elements not only demonstrated China's profound cultural heritage but also showed its ability to integrate tradition with modernity—such as the use of high-tech lighting to present ancient stories. During the 2022 Winter Olympics, China further highlighted its scientific and technological strength: the "Ice Ribbon" National Speed Skating Oval used CO₂ cross 临界制冷 technology (the first of its kind in the world), and smart venues realized "5G full coverage" and "intelligent services for athletes." These displays let the international community see a modern, innovative, and responsible China, breaking outdated stereotypes and enhancing mutual trust.
Secondly, hosting the Olympics has driven the upgrading of related industries and regional economic development. For the 2008 Olympics, Beijing's tourism, hospitality, and transportation industries saw rapid growth: the number of international tourists to Beijing increased by 15% in 2008 compared to the previous year, and the construction of subway lines (such as Line 8 connecting Olympic venues) improved urban traffic efficiency. For the 2022 Winter Olympics, the "ice and snow industry" became a new economic growth point: China's ice and snow tourism revenue reached 386 billion yuan in the 2021-2022 season, and the number of jobs created in related fields (such as ski resort operation, ice equipment manufacturing) exceeded 2 million. Additionally, the "Beijing-Zhangjiakou Integrated Development" strategy, driven by the Winter Olympics, promoted the flow of resources between cities—Zhangjiakou's GDP growth rate in 2022 was 1.5 percentage points higher than the national average, showing the Games' role in boosting regional economies.
Finally, the Olympic Games has improved public quality of life and promoted the popularization of sports culture. The 2008 Olympics inspired a "national sports craze": more than 10,000 community sports facilities were built across the country, and sports like badminton, swimming, and yoga became part of people's daily lives. The 2022 Winter Olympics further advanced the "300 Million People Participating in Winter Sports" initiative: ski resorts in Hebei, Jilin, and other provinces launched "public ski courses," and primary and secondary schools added ice and snow sports to their physical education curricula. This not only improved the physical fitness of Chinese citizens but also fostered a "healthy China" concept—according to a survey by the General Administration of Sport, the proportion of Chinese people who exercise regularly increased from 33.9% in 2008 to 42.1% in 2022.
In conclusion, holding the Olympic Games has brought China invaluable gains in international influence, industrial development, and public well-being. These achievements not only reflect China's comprehensive national strength but also lay a solid foundation for its long-term development. As China continues to deepen its opening-up and participate in global governance, the positive legacy of the Olympic Games will continue to contribute to its goal of building a modern socialist country and promoting global harmony.
- 开头段：开篇点明 “奥运会是中国发展的里程碑”，以 2008/2022 两届奥运会为案例引子，总领 “国际影响力、产业升级、公共生活” 三个分论点，立意明确且覆盖全面。
- 主体段：每个分论点采用 “主题句 + 具体案例 + 数据支撑 + 效果分析” 结构，案例兼具 “具象化”（如 “冰丝带”“CO₂制冷技术”）与 “数据化”（如 “3860 亿元冰雪旅游收入”“42.1% 定期锻炼比例”），严格呼应题干 “specific examples” 要求，论证严谨且有说服力。
- 结尾段：总结全文收益，升华主题 —— 将奥运会的影响与 “国家现代化建设”“全球治理” 关联，体现博士研究生的宏观视野与深度思考，符合考博写作 “立意高远” 的要求。
- 案例与数据结合：选取 “冰丝带技术”“冰雪产业收入”“定期锻炼比例” 等具体数据，避免空泛论述，增强论证可信度，同时体现对 “国家发展数据” 的关注，契合中国科学院战略研究院 “战略研究” 的学科属性。
- 语言学术性：运用 “milestone”“far-reaching gains”“industrial upgrading”“comprehensive national strength” 等考博高频学术词汇，句式多样（如定语从句 “such as Line 8 connecting...”、分词结构 “showing the Games' role...”），符合博士研究生英语写作的正式语境。
- 逻辑连贯性：通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Finally”“Additionally”“In conclusion” 等逻辑连接词，段落间过渡自然；每个分论点内部 “案例→数据→效果” 的推导链条完整，如 “冰雪产业收入→就业增长→区域经济提升”，逻辑清晰。
- 题干回应技巧：针对 “specific examples” 要求，需结合 “具体事物 + 数据 + 效果”，避免 “泛泛而谈”，如提及 “产业升级” 时，不仅要说明 “冰雪产业”，还要补充 “收入”“就业” 等数据，让论证更具象。
- 学科属性适配：报考中国科学院战略研究院的考生，写作时可适当关联 “战略发展”“产业经济”“公共政策” 等领域（如文中 “区域经济一体化”“健康中国战略”），体现对报考专业的认知，增强文章针对性。
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