- Ever since the TV show came off the air, there has been ___ that a movie might be made of the show. Finally in autumn 2007, news broke that filming had started.
A. specification
B. suspicion
C. simulation
D. speculation
本题考查名词词义辨析与语境逻辑匹配，核心在于通过 “电视剧停播后→2007 年秋确认拍电影” 的时间线，判断 “停播后至确认前” 对 “拍电影” 这一事件的态度，需精准区分各选项的语义侧重（如 “具体说明”“怀疑”“模拟”“推测”），尤其关注 “无确切消息时的猜测” 这一隐含语境。
- 选项 A（specification）：意为 “规格、具体说明”，侧重 “对事物细节、标准的明确界定”，常用搭配为 “technical specifications”（技术规格）、“specifications for a project”（项目说明书）。代入题干 “有拍电影的具体说明”，与后文 “2007 年秋才确认开拍” 矛盾 —— 若早有 “具体说明”，则无需 “最终确认”，排除。
- 选项 B（suspicion）：意为 “怀疑、猜疑”，侧重 “对事物真实性的负面质疑”，常用搭配为 “suspicion of sth.”（怀疑某事）、“arouse suspicion”（引起怀疑）。如 “He had a suspicion that she was lying”（他怀疑她在撒谎），而题干中 “拍电影” 是中性事件，无 “质疑其真实性” 的负面语境，排除。
- 选项 C（simulation）：意为 “模拟、仿真”，侧重 “通过技术手段复制事物的运行过程”，常用搭配为 “computer simulation”（计算机模拟）、“simulation of a disaster”（灾难模拟），与 “拍电影的传闻” 无逻辑关联，排除。
- 选项 D（speculation）：意为 “推测、猜测”，侧重 “无确切证据时对事物发展的猜想”，常用搭配为 “speculation about/that...”（对…… 的推测）。代入题干 “电视剧停播后，一直有关于拍电影的猜测，最终 2007 年秋确认开拍”，完美契合 “无消息→有猜测→最终确认” 的时间线逻辑，语义连贯且搭配正确，为正确答案。
- 高频名词语义辨析（考博重点）：
- speculation vs. suspicion：前者为 “中性猜测”（无证据时的设想），后者为 “负面怀疑”（质疑真实性），如 “speculation about the company’s future”（对公司未来的猜测）、“suspicion of fraud”（对欺诈的怀疑）；
- specification vs. description：前者为 “具体规格（可量化）”，后者为 “一般描述（定性）”，如 “specifications of the machine（尺寸、功率等）”“description of the machine（外观、功能等）”。
- 语境逻辑解题技巧：遇到 “时间线 + 事件发展（无消息→有结果）” 的题干，优先考虑 “speculation（推测）、rumor（传闻）、guess（猜测）” 等体现 “无证据猜想” 的词汇，通过 “最终结果” 反推前期状态，缩小选项范围。
It's easy enough now to see where men have kept ___ out of clubs, baseball games, graduate schools; it's easy enough to recognize the hidden directions that ___ Sis to cake-baking and Junior to bridge building.
- A. me
B. us
C. them
D. you
本题考查代词指代辨析与上下文语义呼应，核心在于通过后文 “the hidden directions that...Sis to cake-baking and Junior to bridge building”（将姐妹引向烘焙、将兄弟引向搭桥的隐藏导向），判断前文 “被排除在俱乐部、研究生院之外” 的主体，需结合全文 “女性运动与性别平等” 的核心主题，锁定代词指代对象。
- 选项 A（me）：第一人称单数，指代 “我”，但前文 “men have kept...”（男性排除……）的动作对象应为 “群体”，而非个体 “我”，且后文 “Sis（姐妹）、Junior（兄弟）” 是泛指群体，“me” 无法呼应，排除。
- 选项 B（us）：第一人称复数，结合全文语境（前文提及 “the women's movement” 女性运动，后文以 “姐妹、兄弟” 指代男女群体），“us” 此处指代 “女性群体”——“男性将我们（女性）排除在俱乐部、研究生院之外”，与后文 “将姐妹引向传统女性角色（烘焙）” 形成语义闭环，体现 “女性在传统社会中被限制” 的核心主题，为正确答案。
- 选项 C（them）：第三人称复数，若指代 “男性”，则 “男性将他们自己排除在俱乐部之外” 与常识矛盾；若指代 “其他人”，则前文未提及该群体，指代模糊，排除。
- 选项 D（you）：第二人称，指代 “你 / 你们”，但全文以第一人称视角论述 “女性运动” 相关话题（如前文 “I once married...”“Most people I know...”），“you” 与全文人称视角不符，排除。
- 完形 “代词指代” 解题技巧：
- 优先结合全文核心主题（如本题 “女性运动与性别平等”）锁定指代对象，避免孤立分析句子；
- 关注前后文人称一致性（如本题全文以第一人称 “我 / 我们” 展开，优先选择 “us” 而非 “you/them”）；
- 若指代对象不明确，可通过后文举例（如本题 “Sis to cake-baking”）反推前文主体（女性群体）。
- 语境主题关联：考博完形常围绕 “社会现象、文化趋势、人生哲理” 展开，解题时需先把握全文主题（如本题 “女性在传统社会中的限制”），再结合局部句子逻辑选择答案，避免 “就句论句” 导致的错误。
It's bad enough that teens are wrapped in software and bound by a branch of consumer culture crafted exclusively for them. But there is something about herding them together that actively distorts their thinking, specifically about bodies. As a result, America's universities have become incubators of eating disorders. Attending a residential college actually twists perception of self in relation to others, finds psychologist Catherine Sanderson. At a time and place where people should be getting smarter about everything, they are getting a lot less smart about themselves.
- According to the author, students in the American universities ___
A. enjoy adequate computer facilities
B. fiercely compete for higher grades
C. tend to suffer various eating disorders
D. like to form exclusive communities
本题考查细节理解题，核心在于精准定位原文中 “美国大学生” 的相关描述，需区分 “作者观点” 与 “背景信息”，避免被干扰选项中的 “无关细节” 误导。
-
原文关键信息定位：
- 段落核心观点：“herding teens together distorts their thinking about bodies”（青少年聚集在一起扭曲了他们对身体的认知）；
- 直接结论：“As a result, America's universities have become incubators of eating disorders”（因此，美国大学已成为饮食失调的温床）；
- 补充论证：“Attending a residential college twists perception of self”（住校 college 扭曲了自我认知）。
综上，作者明确指出 “美国大学生易受饮食失调问题困扰”。
-
选项拆解与排除：
- 选项 A（享有充足的电脑设备）：原文提及 “teens are wrapped in software”（青少年被软件包围），仅说明 “软件使用普遍”，未提及 “电脑设备充足”，属于 “无中生有”，排除；
- 选项 B（为高分激烈竞争）：原文未提及 “成绩竞争” 相关内容，仅讨论 “对身体认知的扭曲”，属于 “无关信息”，排除；
- 选项 C（易遭受各种饮食失调问题）：与原文 “America's universities have become incubators of eating disorders”（美国大学是饮食失调的温床）完全对应，“incubators of eating disorders” 即 “易产生饮食失调” 的同义表达，准确体现作者观点，为正确答案；
- 选项 D（喜欢形成排他性社群）：原文提及 “herding them together”（将他们聚集在一起），指 “集体生活” 而非 “排他性社群”，“exclusive”（排他的）与原文语义不符，排除。
- 细节题 “因果关系” 解题技巧：
- 题干中出现 “according to the author” 时，优先寻找原文中 “作者直接观点” 的句子（如含 “as a result, therefore, find, argue” 等词的句子）；
- 关注 “因果逻辑”（如本题 “herding together→distort thinking→eating disorders”），正确选项常对应 “结果” 部分（eating disorders）；
- 排除 “背景信息干扰项”（如 A 选项 “软件包围” 是背景，非作者对大学生的核心描述）。
- 学术阅读高频词汇：
- incubator：本义 “孵化器”，喻指 “滋生地、温床”（如 “an incubator of crime” 犯罪温床）；
- eating disorders：饮食失调（医学术语，包括厌食症 anorexia、暴食症 bulimia 等）；
- distort：扭曲、曲解（如 “distort facts” 扭曲事实）。
(1) I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.
我认为，对于那些拥有浓厚的非个人兴趣且参与适当活动的人来说，安享晚年最为容易。正是在这一领域，长期的经验才真正富有成效；也正是在这一领域，源于经验的智慧才能得以施展，而不会显得强加于人。
本题考查复合句翻译（含宾语从句、定语从句、强调句型），核心在于精准传递 “非个人兴趣对晚年生活的积极意义”，需处理 “impersonal interests” 的抽象概念、“强调句型” 的语气强化，以及 “without being oppressive” 的否定式表达，确保中文译文既忠实原文逻辑，又符合中文 “简洁流畅、语义连贯” 的表达习惯。
-
句子结构分析：
- 主句 1：I think that...（我认为……）；
- 宾语从句：a successful old age is easiest for those who...（对于…… 的人来说，安享晚年最为容易）；
- 定语从句：who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities（拥有浓厚的非个人兴趣且参与适当活动的），“involving appropriate activities” 译为 “且参与适当活动的”，用 “且” 连接并列定语，符合中文短句习惯；
- 主句 2：It is in this sphere that...and it is in this sphere that...（正是在这一领域…… 也正是在这一领域……）；
- 强调句型：“It is...that...” 此处强调范围状语 “in this sphere”（在这一领域，指代前文 “非个人兴趣相关活动”），翻译时保留 “正是……” 的强调语气，增强语义重点；
- 后置定语：the wisdom born of experience（源于经验的智慧），“born of” 译为 “源于”，比 “来自” 更具书面语质感，契合考博翻译的正式语境。
-
关键概念与语气传递：
- “impersonal interests”：译为 “非个人兴趣”，指 “不局限于自身需求、关注外界或公共事务的兴趣”（如公益、学术研究、艺术创作等），区别于 “personal interests（个人兴趣，如购物、娱乐）”，避免直译 “非个人化兴趣” 的生硬；
- “fruitful”：译为 “富有成效的”，修饰 “long experience”（长期经验），体现 “经验在非个人兴趣领域产生实际价值” 的含义，比 “有成果的” 更贴合 “经验与智慧” 的语境；
- “without being oppressive”：译为 “不会显得强加于人”，“oppressive” 本义 “压迫的”，此处结合 “智慧的施展” 语境，译为 “强加于人”，准确传递 “智慧运用不令人感到负担或压制” 的语义，避免直译 “不压迫” 的晦涩。
- 强调句型翻译原则：
英语 “It is + 被强调部分 + that...” 结构，中文常用 “正是……”“就是……”“偏偏……” 等表达强化语气，如 “It is his hard work that leads to success”（正是他的努力工作带来了成功），需根据语境选择合适的强调词，避免机械套用。
- 抽象概念翻译技巧：
遇到 “impersonal, oppressive” 等抽象形容词，需结合上下文补充语义（如 “impersonal interests” 补充 “非个人需求的”），或转化为中文常用表达（如 “oppressive” 转化为 “强加于人的”），确保语义准确且符合中文表达习惯。
TOPIC: What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.
Holding the Olympic Games stands as a pivotal milestone in China's journey of opening-up and modernization, unlocking profound gains across technological innovation, international collaboration, and national confidence. From the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, China has not only showcased its comprehensive national strength but also leveraged the Games as a catalyst for leapfrog development—especially in cutting-edge technologies and global governance participation, which aligns with the core orientation of the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (focused on AI, intelligent control, and technological innovation).
Firstly, the Olympic Games has driven breakthroughs in China's technological innovation, particularly in smart and green technologies. For the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, China applied a series of world-leading technologies independently developed by domestic institutions: the "Ice Ribbon" National Speed Skating Oval adopted AI-based CO₂ cross-critical refrigeration systems, which automatically adjust cooling parameters based on real-time temperature and athlete density, reducing energy consumption by 30% compared to traditional systems. Meanwhile, the Games implemented "5G + Beidou" integrated positioning technology in competition venues, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy for athletes' movements—this technology has since been applied to intelligent transportation and industrial automation, driving the industrialization of core technologies. For the 2008 Olympics, the development of high-definition video transmission technology laid the foundation for China's later leadership in 4K/8K video standards, demonstrating how Olympic-driven innovation spills over into civilian and industrial sectors.
Secondly, hosting the Olympics has enhanced China's role in international sports governance and promoted global collaboration. As the first country to host both summer and winter Olympics, China has actively participated in revising international sports rules—for example, in the 2022 Winter Olympics, it proposed the "Green Venue Evaluation Standard," which was later adopted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as a global reference for sustainable sports events. Additionally, the Games served as a platform for technical exchanges: Chinese researchers from the Institute of Automation collaborated with international teams to develop AI-based athlete training systems, which analyze movement data to optimize training plans—this collaboration has since evolved into a long-term partnership focusing on sports science and intelligent equipment. Such interactions not only elevate China's voice in global governance but also foster cross-border innovation alliances.
Finally, the Olympic Games has strengthened national confidence and inspired youth participation in science and technology. The 2022 Winter Olympics' "smart venues" and "intelligent services" (such as AI-based catering and logistics) showcased China's technological strength to the public, especially young people. A survey by the China Youth Daily found that 68% of college students interested in science and technology cited the Olympics' intelligent technologies as a key inspiration for their career choices. Similarly, the 2008 Olympics' "Bird's Nest" and "Water Cube"—landmarks of architectural and structural innovation—inspired a generation of young engineers to pursue careers in civil engineering and materials science. This "Olympic inspiration effect" has become a driving force for cultivating high-tech talents, aligning with the Institute of Automation's mission to nurture innovative professionals in AI and automation.
In conclusion, holding the Olympic Games has brought China invaluable gains in technological innovation, international collaboration, and talent cultivation. These achievements not only reflect China's commitment to technological self-reliance and global cooperation but also provide strong impetus for its development in high-tech fields. As the Institute of Automation continues to lead in AI and intelligent control, the Olympic legacy of innovation and collaboration will further support China's goal of building a world-leading technological power.
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- 主体段：每个分论点采用 “主题句 + 技术案例 + 数据支撑 + 效果延伸” 结构，案例兼具 “自动化技术属性”（如 AI 制冷系统、5G + 北斗定位、智能训练系统）、“国际协作属性”（如规则制定、跨国技术合作）与 “人才激励属性”（如青年科技兴趣激发），严格呼应题干 “specific examples” 要求，且深度契合自动化研究所对 “技术创新与应用” 的关注，论证针对性极强。
- 结尾段：总结全文收益，升华主题 —— 将奥运会的影响与 “国家科技自立自强”“自动化研究所使命” 关联，体现博士研究生的学科视野与学术思维，符合考博写作 “立意深度” 的要求。
- 学科属性深度适配：结合中国科学院自动化研究所 “AI、智能控制、技术产业化” 的研究方向，在 “技术创新” 分论点中重点阐述 “AI 制冷系统、5G + 北斗定位、智能训练系统” 等自动化领域技术，同时提及 “研究所与国际团队的合作”，体现对报考院校的深入了解，让文章更具竞争力。
- 案例与学术思维结合：选取 “厘米级定位精度、30% 能耗降低、68% 青年激励率” 等具体数据，搭配 “技术原理（如 AI 实时参数调整）、应用延伸（如工业自动化）”，论证既具实证性，又体现 “技术转化” 的学术思维，符合博士研究生 “重技术、重应用” 的认知特点。
- 语言学术性与逻辑性：运用 “pivotal milestone”“leapfrog development”“technological self-reliance”“cross-border innovation alliances” 等考博高频学术词汇，句式多样（如定语从句 “which aligns with...”、分词结构 “reducing energy consumption...”），同时通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Finally”“Additionally”“In conclusion” 等逻辑连接词，确保全文逻辑严谨、表达流畅。
- 题干回应技巧：针对 “specific examples” 要求，需结合 “技术细节 + 数据 + 应用场景”，如提及 “AI 技术” 时，不仅说明 “AI 制冷系统”，还需补充 “实时参数调整、能耗降低比例、后续工业应用”，让论证更具象、更具学术性。
- 院校适配技巧：报考中国科学院自动化研究所的考生，写作时可主动关联 “AI、智能控制、技术产业化” 等院校核心研究方向（如文中 “自动化研究所合作、智能训练系统、工业自动化应用”），体现对报考专业的认知，突出 “人岗匹配度”，提升文章竞争力。
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