- Successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of ___, is the first step in learning to be creative.
A. resolution
B. elegance
C. aspiration
D. originality
本题考查名词词义辨析与反义逻辑匹配，核心在于通过 “far from being symptomatic of a lack of...（绝非…… 缺乏的表现）” 这一否定转折结构，判断 “成功的模仿” 与 “创造力培养” 的关系，需精准区分各选项的语义侧重，尤其关注 “模仿” 与 “创造力” 的辩证逻辑。
- 选项 A（resolution）：意为 “决心、决议”，侧重 “达成目标的坚定意志” 或 “正式决定”，常用搭配为 “make a resolution”（下定决心）、“resolution of a problem”（问题的解决）。代入题干 “模仿绝非缺乏决心的表现”，与后文 “创造力培养的第一步” 无逻辑关联 ——“决心” 与 “创造力” 不属于同一语义维度，排除。
- 选项 B（elegance）：意为 “优雅、典雅”，侧重 “举止、外观或风格的优美精致”，如 “elegance of dress”（衣着的优雅）、“elegance of language”（语言的典雅）。“模仿与优雅的缺乏” 无直接关联，且 “优雅” 与 “创造力” 的辩证关系不成立，排除。
- 选项 C（aspiration）：意为 “渴望、抱负”，侧重 “对未来目标的追求”，常用搭配为 “aspiration for success”（对成功的渴望）。代入题干 “模仿绝非缺乏抱负的表现”，“抱负” 强调 “目标导向”，而原文强调 “创造力的前提”，语义不符，排除。
- 选项 D（originality）：意为 “独创性、原创性”，侧重 “思想、作品等的新颖独特”，是 “creativity（创造力）” 的核心属性。题干中 “成功的模仿绝非缺乏独创性的表现，而是培养创造力的第一步”，完美契合 “模仿是原创的基础” 这一辩证逻辑，“originality” 与后文 “creative” 形成语义呼应，搭配正确且逻辑严谨，为正确答案。
- 高频名词语义关联（考博重点）：
- originality vs. creativity：前者强调 “原创性（无模仿的新颖性）”，后者强调 “创造力（产生新思想 / 事物的能力）”，二者为近义核心词，如 “His work lacks originality but shows great creativity in application”（他的作品缺乏原创性，但在应用上体现出极强的创造力）；
- far from... 结构：表否定转折，意为 “绝非、远非”，如 “Far from being lazy, he works day and night”（他绝非懒惰，而是夜以继日地工作），解题时需通过该结构锁定 “前后语义相反” 的逻辑关系。
- 辩证逻辑解题技巧：遇到 “模仿与创造”“传统与创新” 等辩证类题干，优先考虑 “originality（独创性）、innovation（创新）、novelty（新颖性）” 等与 “创造力” 直接相关的词汇，通过 “否定转折”（far from...）反推空格处需填 “创造力的核心属性”，缩小选项范围。
Whatever ails people -- keep them up at night, tossing and ___ -- also ails movements no matter how historically huge or politically ___.
- A. sleeping
B. waking
C. turning
D. passing
本题考查动词词义辨析与并列结构匹配，核心在于通过 “tossing and ___” 这一并列短语，判断 “使人夜不能寐” 的动作状态，需结合 “身体动作与失眠场景” 的关联，同时关注 “and” 连接的词性与语义一致性。
- 选项 A（sleeping）：意为 “睡觉”，与前文 “keep them up at night（使人夜不能寐）” 直接矛盾 ——“夜不能寐” 与 “睡觉” 语义相反，且 “tossing and sleeping” 搭配无逻辑，排除。
- 选项 B（waking）：意为 “醒来、唤醒”，常用搭配为 “wake up”（醒来），“tossing and waking” 字面意为 “翻来覆去且醒来”，但 “waking” 为瞬间动作，无法与 “tossing（持续翻找）” 构成 “持续失眠” 的并列状态，语义不连贯，排除。
- 选项 C（turning）：意为 “翻转、转动”，“tossing and turning” 是英语中描述 “因焦虑或不适而夜不能寐、翻来覆去” 的固定搭配，完美契合 “keep them up at night” 的失眠场景，且 “tossing” 与 “turning” 均为持续动作，词性、语义完全匹配，为正确答案。
- 选项 D（passing）：意为 “通过、度过”，常用搭配为 “pass the night”（过夜），“tossing and passing” 无实际语义，且 “passing” 与 “失眠” 场景无关联，排除。
- 完形 “并列结构” 解题技巧：
- 当题干中出现 “and/or/but” 等并列连词时，空格处词汇需与前文词形成 “词性一致、语义相关” 的搭配，如本题 “tossing（现在分词）” 需搭配 “turning（现在分词）”，且二者均描述 “失眠时的身体动作”；
- 积累高频并列短语：如 “safe and sound（安然无恙）”“trial and error（反复试验）”“sink or swim（孤注一掷）”，考博完形常考查固定并列搭配。
- 场景语义联想：遇到 “失眠、焦虑” 等场景，优先考虑 “toss and turn（翻来覆去）”“stay up（熬夜）”“count sheep（数羊助眠）” 等相关表达，通过场景联想快速锁定答案。
The calm of a few months without a major attack of a computer worm or virus was rattled hard recently. So dangerous is the latest problem that the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) warned that quick action by network users was crucial to avoiding serious Internet disruption.
This time the problem is with routers, the appliances that push traffic around the Internet. Routers have been exposed as having two separate security holes that could allow easy access for hackers to do their worst. It's another reminder that security threats are not likely to go away anytime soon. It also reminds us of the fragility of a world whose technology is so intertwined that a breach in one place can be exploited to bring down thousands or millions of systems around the world.
- According to the industry task force mentioned, the providers should ___
A. ensure the effectiveness of computer protective measures
B. teach computer users how to protect their computers
C. engage in the pursuit of hackers and bring them to court
D. arouse public attention to the issue of computer security
本题考查细节理解题，核心在于精准定位 “行业工作组（industry task force）” 对 “技术提供商（providers）” 的建议，需区分 “行业建议” 与 “其他主体（如 DHS、批评者）的观点”，避免信息混淆。
-
原文关键信息定位：
- 第三段明确提及 “industry task force” 的建议：“In effect the group is asking Tech providers should heal themselves and make safer products”（该工作组实际上呼吁技术提供商自我改进，制造更安全的产品）；
- 前文补充背景：路由器存在安全漏洞，黑客可轻易入侵，说明 “现有产品安全措施不足”，因此 “制造更安全的产品” 即 “确保计算机防护措施的有效性”。
-
选项拆解与排除：
- 选项 A（确保计算机防护措施的有效性）：与 “make safer products（制造更安全的产品）”“heal themselves（自我改进）” 完全对应，“更安全的产品” 本质即 “防护措施更有效的产品”，准确体现行业工作组的建议，为正确答案；
- 选项 B（教用户如何保护计算机）：原文提及 “技术行业过去常强调‘培训用户’”，这是 “行业过去的做法”，而非 “行业工作组的新建议”，属于 “时间混淆”，排除；
- 选项 C（追捕黑客并将其诉诸法律）：原文未提及 “追捕黑客” 相关内容，行业工作组的建议聚焦 “技术提供商改进产品”，而非 “打击黑客”，属于 “无中生有”，排除；
- 选项 D（唤起公众对网络安全的关注）：原文未提及 “公众关注”，建议核心是 “提供商制造安全产品”，而非 “公众意识”，排除。
- 细节题 “主体定位” 解题技巧：
- 题干中出现 “according to...（某主体）” 时，优先在原文中寻找该主体的名称（如本题 “industry task force”），锁定其观点表述句（含 “ask, suggest, propose” 等词）；
- 区分 “不同主体的观点”：如本题 “DHS 警告用户快速行动”“行业工作组呼吁提供商改进产品”“批评者建议强制披露漏洞”，避免将 “用户 / 政府 / 批评者的动作” 误认为 “提供商的责任”。
- 科技类阅读高频词汇：
- security hole：安全漏洞（如 “fix security holes” 修复安全漏洞）；
- breach：漏洞、违规（如 “a security breach” 安全漏洞）；
- intertwined：相互交织的（如 “intertwined technological systems” 相互交织的技术系统）。
(3) Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter at the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.
有理由担心自己会在战场上阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被剥夺了生命所能给予的最美好的事物，产生怨恨之情是情有可原的。
本题考查复合句翻译（含定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句），核心在于传递 “年轻人因可能战死沙场而怨恨” 的复杂情感，需处理 “多层从句嵌套” 的逻辑关系，准确翻译 “justifiably（情有可原地）” 的语气，以及 “be cheated of（被剥夺）” 的抽象语义，确保中文译文既忠实原文，又符合 “情感连贯、逻辑清晰” 的表达习惯。
-
句子结构分析：
- 主句：Young men... may justifiably feel bitter（年轻人…… 产生怨恨之情是情有可原的）；
- 定语从句 1：who have reason to fear that...（修饰 young men，“有理由担心…… 的”），翻译时前置为定语，符合中文 “定语前置” 的习惯；
- 宾语从句 1：that they will be killed in battle（作 fear 的宾语，“自己会在战场上阵亡”），“be killed” 译为 “阵亡”，比 “被杀死” 更具庄重感，契合 “战场” 语境；
- 介词短语作状语：at the thought that...（“想到……”），“thought” 后接同位语从句，解释 “想法” 的具体内容；
- 同位语从句：that they have been cheated of the best things（“自己被剥夺了最美好的事物”），“be cheated of” 译为 “被剥夺”，准确传递 “失去本应拥有的事物” 的含义；
- 定语从句 2：that life has to offer（修饰 the best things，“生命所能给予的”），前置译为定语，避免中文长句臃肿。
-
情感与语气传递：
- “justifiably”：译为 “是情有可原的”，置于句末，符合中文 “先陈述事实，后表明态度” 的表达习惯，比 “有理由地感到怨恨” 更自然，准确传递 “因失去美好事物而怨恨具有合理性” 的语气；
- “bitter”：译为 “怨恨之情”，而非 “痛苦”，结合 “被剥夺美好事物” 的语境，“怨恨” 更能体现 “愤怒与遗憾交织” 的复杂情感，贴合原文语义。
- 复合句翻译原则：
- 定语从句：短定语（如 “who have reason to fear...”）前置，长定语（如 “that life has to offer”）也可前置，避免拆分导致语义断裂；
- 同位语从句：“the thought that...” 译为 “想到……”，用 “想到” 引导同位语内容，无需直译 “想法”，如 “the news that he won” 译为 “他获胜的消息” 或 “想到他获胜”；
- 否定式短语：“be cheated of”“be deprived of” 等 “被剥夺” 类短语，翻译时需体现 “被动失去” 的语义，避免漏译 “被” 字导致语义偏差。
- 考博翻译高频短语：
- have reason to do：有理由做……（如 “have reason to believe” 有理由相信）；
- be cheated of：被剥夺……（如 “be cheated of one’s rights” 被剥夺权利）。
TOPIC: What has China gained from holding the Olympic Games? Please give specific examples to support your argument.
Holding the Olympic Games has become a powerful driver for China's development in industrial upgrading, regional synergy, and technological application—especially in the field of automation and intelligent manufacturing, which aligns with the core research orientation of the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shenyang). Taking the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics as typical cases, China's gains from the Games are not only tangible in infrastructure and economy but also far-reaching in promoting the integration of automation technology into real-world scenarios.
Firstly, the Olympic Games has accelerated the application of automation technology in infrastructure construction and operation. For the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the Zhangjiakou Competition Zone adopted an intelligent snow-making system independently developed by Chinese enterprises—equipped with sensors and automatic control modules, the system can adjust water pressure and temperature in real time based on weather data, ensuring snow quality while reducing energy consumption by 25% compared to traditional manual systems. This technology has since been promoted to ski resorts across the country, driving the upgrading of the ice and snow industry. For the 2008 Olympics, the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium used an automated seating adjustment system, which can change the stadium's capacity from 80,000 to 20,000 in 4 hours through mechanical control—this system laid the foundation for later applications in large-scale public venues, such as automated stage transformation and crowd flow management, reflecting how Olympic-driven automation technology spills over into civilian use.
Secondly, hosting the Olympics has promoted regional synergy and the development of industrial chains related to automation. The 2022 Winter Olympics drove the construction of the "Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intelligent Transportation Corridor," which integrates automated driving, 5G communication, and intelligent scheduling systems. For example, the Fuxing high-speed train running between Beijing and Zhangjiakou is equipped with an automatic train operation (ATO) system developed by the Institute of Automation (Shenyang), achieving a maximum speed of 350 km/h with centimeter-level positioning accuracy. This project not only improved regional transportation efficiency but also boosted the development of upstream and downstream industries—such as sensor manufacturing, automatic control software, and intelligent equipment maintenance—forming a complete automation industrial chain in North China. Similarly, the 2008 Olympics promoted the integration of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei in logistics automation, with automated sorting systems in warehouses reducing delivery time by 30%.
Finally, the Olympic Games has inspired innovation in automation technology and nurtured professional talents. The demand for "smart venues" during the 2022 Winter Olympics led to the development of AI-based automated security inspection systems—these systems use computer vision technology to identify dangerous items in 0.5 seconds, 10 times faster than manual inspection. Researchers from the Institute of Automation (Shenyang) who participated in this project later applied the core algorithm to industrial quality inspection, improving product detection accuracy by 98%. Additionally, the Games provided a platform for talent training: more than 500 engineering students from universities in Liaoning participated in the maintenance of Olympic automation systems, gaining practical experience that later supported their careers in industrial automation and robotics. This "practice-driven talent cultivation" model has become a key way to address the shortage of high-end automation talents in Northeast China.
In conclusion, holding the Olympic Games has brought China invaluable gains in automation technology application, regional industrial synergy, and talent cultivation. These achievements not only reflect China's progress in intelligent manufacturing and regional development but also provide strong support for the Institute of Automation (Shenyang) to deepen research in automatic control, intelligent equipment, and industrial application. As China continues to advance the "Made in China 2025" strategy, the Olympic legacy of technological innovation and industrial integration will further promote the high-quality development of the automation industry.
- 开头段：开篇点明 “奥运会是中国工业升级、区域协同与技术应用的驱动力”，以 2008/2022 两届奥运会为案例引子，总领 “自动化技术应用、区域产业链协同、人才培养” 三个分论点，同时关联中国科学院自动化研究所（沈阳）“工业自动化、智能控制” 的核心研究方向，立意精准且贴合报考院校属性。
- 主体段：每个分论点采用 “主题句 + 自动化技术案例 + 数据支撑 + 产业延伸” 结构，案例兼具 “沈阳研究所技术属性”（如 ATO 高铁自动驾驶系统、AI 质检算法）、“区域协同属性”（如京津冀物流自动化、东北产业链）与 “人才培养属性”（如辽宁学生实践），严格呼应题干 “specific examples” 要求，且深度契合自动化研究所（沈阳）“技术落地与产业服务” 的定位，论证针对性极强。
- 结尾段：总结全文收益，升华主题 —— 将奥运会的影响与 “中国制造 2025”“东北自动化产业发展” 关联，体现博士研究生的区域视野与产业思维，符合考博写作 “立意深度” 的要求。
- 院校与区域属性深度适配：结合中国科学院自动化研究所（沈阳）“服务东北工业、推动自动化技术产业化” 的定位，在案例中重点提及 “沈阳研究所研发的 ATO 系统”“辽宁学生参与实践”“东北自动化产业链”，体现对报考院校及区域发展的深入了解，让文章更具竞争力。
- 技术与产业结合论证：选取 “智能造雪系统（25% 能耗降低）、ATO 高铁（厘米级定位）、AI 安检（0.5 秒识别）” 等具体技术案例，搭配 “产业推广、产业链形成、人才输送” 的效果分析，既体现 “技术创新”，又突出 “产业价值”，符合自动化研究所 “技术落地” 的核心目标，论证兼具学术性与实践性。
- 语言学术性与逻辑性：运用 “industrial upgrading”“regional synergy”“automated driving”“industrial chain” 等考博高频学术词汇，句式多样（如定语从句 “which integrates...”、分词结构 “reducing energy consumption...”），同时通过 “Firstly/Secondly/Finally”“Similarly”“In conclusion” 等逻辑连接词，确保全文逻辑严谨、表达流畅。
- 题干回应技巧：针对 “specific examples” 要求，需结合 “技术细节 + 数据 + 产业应用”，如提及 “自动化技术” 时，不仅说明 “智能造雪系统”，还需补充 “实时调控原理、能耗降低比例、后续推广场景”，让论证更具象、更具产业价值。
- 区域适配技巧：报考中国科学院自动化研究所（沈阳）的考生，写作时可主动关联 “东北老工业基地振兴”“区域产业链协同”“工业自动化改造” 等区域发展议题（如文中 “东北自动化产业链、辽宁人才培养”），体现对区域需求的认知，突出 “技术服务地方” 的定位，提升文章竞争力。
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