2026 年长春理工大学考研真题样题(251 英语实践、现代汉语)
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2005 年长春理工大学 251 英语实践、现代汉语考研真题
一、同义词 / 反义词辨析(10 分)
1. 反义词(Antonym)
①absolution
a. punishment b. pardon c. amnesty d. abstract
②bounteous
a. freeha nded b. ha ndsome c. generous d. close
③imbibe
a. incorporate b. exude c. exhaust d. assimilate
④indict
a. charge b. impeach c. exculpate d. accuse
⑤laborious
a. effortful b. easy c. operated d. sticky
2. 同义词(Synonym)
①meticulous
a. careless b. heedful c. flashing d. fleeting
②partition
a. union b. parturition c. delivery d. detachment
③rebate
a. abatement b. addition c. increase d. rebuff
④senile
a. seminal b. eminent c. doting d. notable
⑤stingy
a. costive b. florid c. sonorous d. turgid
二、修辞格定义与例证(15 分)
请定义下列修辞格,并从高级英语教材中各举一例并翻译。
- hyperbole(夸张)
- metaphor(隐喻)
- metonymy(借代)
- antithesis(对偶 / 对照)
- transferred epithet(移就)
三、翻译(20 分)
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汉译英:
一个人一旦有了一群捧场的人,他就可以随心所欲做任何荒唐事。他的所言所行会被看作感情升华,或大智若愚的表现。即使他违背常理,甚至将茶壶当作烟盒,也有人会说,他心不在焉,正思考着更重大的事情。言行举止若同常人一般,也就不见其伟大了。伟大这个概念实在有点不可思议,因为类似于我们的东西,我们就不再感到惊奇。
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(题目节选)里根总统任职之初遭遇了经济衰退,但到 1983 年情况开始好转,美国经济步入二战以来最持久的一段增长期。然而,这一增长的惊人的一部分来源于赤字消费。1988 年,前副总统乔治・布什就任总统。他继续推行里根政府的诸多政策,但在控制联邦财政……
真题答案解析
一、同义词 / 反义词辨析
1. 反义词答案
①a. punishment
解析:absolution 意为 “赦免;免罪”,其反义词是 “惩罚”,而 b(pardon)、c(amnesty)均为近义词,d(abstract)语义无关。
②d. close
解析:bounteous 意为 “慷慨的;丰富的”,a、b、c 均为近义词,d(close)表示 “吝啬的”,为反义词。
③b. exude
解析:imbibe 意为 “吸收;饮”,b(exude)意为 “渗出;散发”,为反义词;a(incorporate)“包含”、c(exhaust)“耗尽”、d(assimilate)“吸收” 均非反义。
④c. exculpate
解析:indict 意为 “起诉;控告”,c(exculpate)意为 “开脱;辩解”,为反义词;a、b、d 均为近义词(指控、弹劾、控告)。
⑤b. easy
解析:laborious 意为 “费力的;辛苦的”,b(easy)“容易的” 为反义词,a(effortful)为近义词,c、d 语义无关。
2. 同义词答案
①b. heedful
解析:meticulous 意为 “一丝不苟的;细心的”,b(heedful)“注意的;谨慎的” 为近义词;a(careless)为反义词,c、d 语义无关。
②d. detachment
解析:partition 意为 “分割;划分”,d(detachment)“分离;脱离” 为近义词;a(union)“联合” 为反义词,b(parturition)“分娩”、c(delivery)“交付” 语义无关。
③a. abatement
解析:rebate 意为 “折扣;减少”,a(abatement)“减少;减轻” 为近义词;b(addition)“增加”、c(increase)“增长” 为反义词,d(rebuff)“拒绝” 语义无关。
④c. doting
解析:senile 意为 “衰老的;老糊涂的”,c(doting)“老糊涂的;溺爱的” 为近义词;a(seminal)“开创性的”、b(eminent)“杰出的”、d(notable)“著名的” 语义无关。
⑤a. costive
解析:stingy 意为 “吝啬的;小气的”,a(costive)“吝啬的;沉默的” 为近义词;b(florid)“华丽的”、c(sonorous)“洪亮的”、d(turgid)“浮夸的” 语义无关。
二、修辞格定义与例证
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hyperbole(夸张)
- 定义:通过故意夸大事实来强调情感或效果的修辞手段。
- 例证:“I’ve told you a million times.”(我已经告诉你一百万次了。)
- 翻译:我已经反复告诉你很多次了。
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metaphor(隐喻)
- 定义:不通过比喻词,直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描述,建立两者的隐性联系。
- 例证:“Time is a thief.”(时间是小偷。)
- 翻译:时间偷走了我们的岁月。
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metonymy(借代)
- 定义:用与事物密切相关的名称代替该事物本身。
- 例证:“The pen is mightier than the sword.”(笔比剑更有力量。)
- 翻译:文胜于武。
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antithesis(对偶 / 对照)
- 定义:将意义相反或相对的词语、句子并列,形成鲜明对比。
- 例证:“To err is human, to forgive divine.”(人非圣贤,孰能无过;宽恕为圣。)
- 翻译:犯错是人之所为,宽恕是神之境界。
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transferred epithet(移就)
- 定义:将形容甲事物的修饰语移用到乙事物上,形成特殊修辞效果。
- 例证:“a sleepless night”(不眠之夜)
- 翻译:一夜无眠(“sleepless” 本形容人,移用于 “night”)
三、翻译答案
1. 汉译英
Once a person has a group of sycophants, he can do any absurd thing at will. What he says a nd does will be seen as an elevation of emotion or a sign of great wisdom disguised as foolishness. Even if he acts against common sense, even using a teapot as an ashtray, someone will say he is absent-minded, thinking about more important things. If his words a nd deeds are just like ordinary people, his greatness will not be evident. The concept of greatness is indeed a bit 不可思议 (incredible), because we no longer marvel at things similar to ourselves.
(注:“不可思议” 可优化为 “incredible” 以保持风格统一,最终版本:Once a person has a coterie of flatterers, he can do any absurd thing at will. His words a nd actions will be regarded as an emotional sublimation or a manifestation of wisdom masked as folly. Even if he acts against common sense, even using a teapot as an ashtray, someone will say he is absent-minded, pondering over more momentous matters. If he behaves like an ordinary person, his greatness will cease to be apparent. The notion of greatness is indeed somewhat incredible, for we cease to marvel at what resembles us.)
2. (节选翻译)
When President Reagan took office, he encountered an economic recession, but by 1983 the situation began to improve, a nd the U.S. economy entered the most prolonged period of growth since World War II. However, a staggering portion of this growth came from deficit spending. In 1988, former Vice President George Bush took office as president. He continued to implement many of the Reagan administration’s policies, but in controlling federal finances...